共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 438 毫秒
1.
摘要：利用神经行为测试评价系统,对148名击剑运动员和58名普通大学生的移动视觉、空间视觉、注意力调转、注意力分配、视简单反应时、视复杂反应时、数字筛选等7个测试项目的正确操作数及正确操作平均耗时及各测试项目的神经行为能力指数（NAI）进行了测试和对比分析,为击剑运动员的科学训练及科学选材提供理论和方法的支持。研究结果发现：（1）击剑运动员的空间视觉、注意力调转、注意力分配、视简单反应及视复杂反应等5项测试项目的正确操作平均耗时均非常显著地低于普通大学生;（2）击剑运动员的空间视觉、注意力调转、注意力分配、视简单反应、视复杂反应这5项测试的NAI值显著地高于普通大学生;（3）国家队运动员的数字筛选的正确操作数和NAI值非常显著性地高于省市运动员;（4）注意力分配、数字筛选的NAI值对运动水平有预测作用。 相似文献
2.
文章采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验法、数理统计法,以前直拳、后直拳、后鞭腿三个动作为研究题材,对不同水平12名散打运动员的视觉选择反应时进行了测定和对比研究,一方面为散打运动员反应时进一步研究提供相关数据;另一方面为散打运动员科学训练的针对性、训练手段的有效性的动作视觉判断反应能力提供参考。研究结论得出：视觉选择反应时可用做比较不同水平散打运动员的一个参考指标。运动员预知一个动作与预知有两个动作中选择一个动作时,其反应时延长。而当运动员预知二个动作中选择一个动作与预知有三个动作中选择一个动作时,其反应时延长。 相似文献
3.
通过测量江苏击剑运动员手指长度,比较分析食指与无名指指长比(2D:4D)与性别、机能指标和运动能力的关系。结果显示,击剑运动员2D:4D男子低于女子,右手低于左手。2D:4D不能预测血红蛋白含量,血清皮质醇和血清睾酮水平等机能水平。去除训练年限的影响后,优秀击剑运动员优势手2D:4D低于普通运动员,2D:4D可以用于击剑运动员选材。 相似文献
4.
乒乓球运动员发球落点判断过程中视觉搜索的眼动特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用眼动记录技术,对乒乓球运动员与普通大学生的眼动规律进行实验研究,分析乒乓球运动员在运动情景中视觉搜索的特征.结果显示:乒乓球运动员在处理运动情景信息过程中,在反应时和准确性方面具有明显优势;乒乓球运动员在运动情景中的视觉搜索存在时间、空间上的优势. 相似文献
5.
脑象图技术在优秀大学生击剑运动员大脑处理信息能力诊断中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用脑象图技术（EEQG）对优秀大学生击剑运动员大脑处理信息的能力进行诊断。结果表明：优秀大学生击剑运动员大脑处理信息的量和方式以及综合处理信息的能力高于普通人；运动等级、性别和剑种因素对优秀大学生击剑运动员大脑整体处理信息的能力无影响；左前-右脑的双侧匹配在击剑运动员处理信息的过程中发挥更重要的作用。左前-右脑的匹配是大学生击剑运动员处理信息的优势匹配；大学生击剑运动员大脑处理信息的方式主要受剑种的影响。比较花剑运动员、佩剑运动员大脑左颞区处理信息的能力更强，比较佩剑运动员、花剑运动员左后脑区处理信息的能力更强：边缘系数与运动员赛场竞技状态呈较高负相关，边缘系数越低，运动员在竞技比赛中发挥越好。边缘系数优秀型占运动员总数的51．4％，一般型占48．6%，我国优秀大学生击剑运动员大脑处理信息的效率很高。 相似文献
6.
排球运动员接发球过程中视觉搜索特征的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以33名不同水平排球运动员为被试,将时间阻断范式、眼动记录技术相结合,探讨排球运动员接发球过程中的视觉搜索特征。结果表明:在接发球过程中,不同水平排球运动员的视觉搜索特征存在显著差异。优秀排球运动员可以根据运动情景中任务的变化迅速调整视觉搜索模式,在接发球的预期阶段采用了注视次数少、注视持续时间长、眼跳距离小、注视轨迹简单、集中的搜索模式;在动作操作阶段采用了注视次数多、注视持续时间短、眼跳距离大、注视轨迹分散成网状的搜索模式。优秀排球运动员对发球落点进行预判时,在反应时和准确性指标上存在明显的优势,但是,随着运动水平的提高,反应准确性不是优秀排球运动员预期能力的主要区分标准。提示:对于测试、评价运动员在运动情景中的信息加工处理能力不能根据单一运动情景的眼动特征进行,要综合运动情景中的不同任务的眼动指标和行为预判探讨运动员在运动过程中的视觉搜索特征。 相似文献
7.
目的:通过对辽宁省乒乓球男队运动员视觉反应时分析,探讨反应时对乒乓球运动成绩的影响.方法:选取辽宁省乒乓球男队的全体运动员作为研究对象,先按年龄分层,再按运动成绩(国内比赛成绩和队内比赛成绩)分成运动成绩良好组和运动成绩一般组,用计算机视觉反应时测定软件同时测定2组运动员视觉简单反应时与视觉复杂反应时.结果:运动成绩良好组的运动员视觉简单平均反应时、视觉简单最快反应时、视觉简单最慢反应时与视觉复杂平均反应时、视觉复杂最快反应时、视觉复杂最慢反应时均比运动成绩一般组的运动员短,差异均有显著性(t平均=3.60、t最快=3.04、t最慢=2.68,P均＜0.05;t'平均=3.52、t'最快=2.38、t'最慢=2.31,P均＜0.05).结论:视觉反应时与乒乓球运动成绩显著相关,视觉反应快的运动员运动成绩好;可作为专业乒乓球运动员选材的一项参考指标. 相似文献
8.
击剑运动员个性化心理能力指标建构及监控 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以认知心理学理论为指导,以击剑运动项目特征为切入点,在对国家击剑队进行科技攻关服务、专家问卷调查的基础上,运用心理技能训练、心理测量方法,对高水平击剑运动员个性化心理能力构成因素及监控效果进行探讨。结果表明,构成击剑运动员个性化心理控制能力的指标是注意转换能力、竞技控制能力和应对困境能力。根据所构建个性化心理指标,结合击剑技、战术特点的专项辅助训练能有效地促进击剑运动员个性化注意转换能力的提高;对击剑运动员实施的关键分模拟训练及各种针对个性化模拟训练能有效地提高击剑运动员比赛适应能力,从而促进了其竞技心理能力的提高;应对策略训练能较好地提高击剑运动员逆境的合理应对能力,从而促进运动员最佳竞技心理状态的形成。 相似文献
9.
击剑运动是一项对抗性极强的持械格斗项目，其动作结构十分复杂，需要运动员灵活、协调、思维敏捷、动作转换能力强，对专项素质要求较高。本文论述了击剑运动专项素质的训练方法，旨在为提高训练水平提供参考。 相似文献
10.
运动学因素是影响击剑弓步动作质量的重要因素,明确运动学因素对弓步动作的影响将有助于运动员提高弓步技术。本文综合国内外学者对击剑弓步动作中环节运动时序性、摆动腿膝关节运动方式、准备姿势中后脚位置以及躯干前倾程度等运动学因素的研究进行分析和总结,明确对击剑弓步动作质量产生影响的运动学因素,为专业击剑运动员弓步训练提供参考。 相似文献
11.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):364-371
Abstract The aim of the present work is to examine the differences between two groups of fencers with different levels of competition, elite and medium level. The timing parameters of the response reaction have been compared together with the kinetic variables which determine the sequence of segmented participation used during the lunge with a change in target during movement. A total of 30 male sword fencers participated, 13 elite and 17 medium level. Two force platforms recorded the horizontal component of the force and the start of the movement. One system filmed the movement in 3D, recording the spatial positions of 11 markers, while another system projected a mobile target over a screen. For synchronisation, an electronic signal enabled all the systems to be started simultaneously. Among the timing parameters of the reaction response, the choice reaction time (CRT) to the target change during the lunge was measured. The results revealed differences between the groups regarding the flight time, horizontal velocity at the end of the acceleration phase, and the length of the lunge, these being higher for the elite group, as well as other variables related to the temporal sequence of movement. No significant differences have been found in the simple reaction time or in CRT. According to the literature, the CRT appears to improve with sports practice, although this factor did not differentiate the elite from medium-level fencers. The coordination of fencing movements, that is, the right technique, constitutes a factor that differentiates elite fencers from medium-level ones. 相似文献
12.
Carmen Gutiérrez-Cruz F. Javier Rojas Marcos Gutiérrez-Davila 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(7):651-657
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of stimulus change timing on reaction response time parameters, horizontal velocity of the centre of mass (CM) and precision during offensive actions in fencing. Twelve fencers from the Spanish National Foil Team were included in the study. Two 500 Hz force plates were used to register the horizontal component of the reaction force while a 3D video camera set at 250 Hz recorded the spatial position of 11 body markers and a projector connected to a programmed stopwatch projected a moving target (stimulus) on a screen. When the circle (target) appeared in the centre of the plastron, fencers had to execute a step-forward-lunge as fast as possible, trying to touch the circle with the tip of the foil. During the lunge, the position of the target could randomly shift or not to three different positions. The stimulus change was performed randomly at four different times with a progressive delay. The results show that target changes did not have any effect when they occurred at the beginning of the movement sequence. However, when the target change was delayed, reaction and movement times increased and the technical execution of the lunge changed, leading to more errors. 相似文献
13.
Marcos Gutiérrez-Davila Carmen Gutiérrez-Cruz Enrique Navarro 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(8):1004-1012
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect that the presence of two stimuli that require two different responses (dual-attention) has both, on offensive reaction-response time to a light stimulus, and on defensive response time when the stimulus is a real fencing attack. Twenty-five elite fencers and a fencing master were included in the study. The equipment included four force plates adapted to a scaffold that served as a fencing piste. Two force plates were placed, at the start position, under the fencer’s feet and another two plates were placed under the master’s feet. The results demonstrate that choice reaction time to visual stimuli increases in dual-task conditions with respect to simple reaction time, whereas the mean horizontal force tends to decrease in dual-task. However, when the stimulus was an opponent’s movement, dual-task conditions did not have any effect on the time required to initiate a defensive action. The changes in reaction time when real movements were used as stimuli challenge the validity of the reaction time to visual stimuli paradigm as a predictor of performance in fencing. Also, the results obtained demonstrate that perceptual and attentional processes play a major role in fencer performance in real competition. 相似文献
14.
目的:通过对重剑运动员赛前训练血乳酸的测试,评定不同训练手段对提高专项对抗能力的作用和效果,为教练员进行针对性训练、科学安排训练提供依据。方法:以安徽省击剑队重剑组8名运动员为研究对象,应用血乳酸指标对不同训练手段后的即刻、5min后的血乳酸值进行监测,并与全国比赛的有关测试结果进行比较分析。结果:1)个别课、条件对练、站桩练习、团体实战后即刻BLA与全国比赛后有非常显著差异(P<0.01);2)个人实战后即刻BLA与全国比赛后有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:1)重剑运动员在发展ATP-CP系统供能能力基础上,应当重视糖酵解供能能力训练,尤其是一定量的最高乳酸训练;2)不同的训练手段重剑运动员所表现出的BLA结果各不相同;同一种训练手段,不同的运动员所表现出的BLA也有差异;3)个别课、条件对练、站桩练习、团体实战四种训练手段的运动强度较低,均不是提高重剑运动员赛前专项对抗能力的理想训练手段;4)个人实战训练手段中,在对手安排和比赛气氛的营造上,应使之更接近全国比赛,以满足比赛时对大强度负荷的要求。 相似文献
15.
For fencing, speed of the lunge is considered critical to success. The aim of this study is to investigate determinants of lunge speed based on biomechanics. Ground reaction force (GRF) and three-dimensional kinematic data were collected from 7 elite fencers and 12 intermediate-level fencers performing maximum-effort lunges. The results showed that elite fencers acquired a higher horizontal peak velocity of the centre of gravity (HPV) and concomitantly a higher horizontal peak GRF exerted by rear leg (PGRF) than intermediate-level fencers (P?P?P?P?≤?.05). Our findings suggest that training aimed at enhancing strength and power of rear knee extensors is important for fencers to improve speed of the lunge. Also, increasing the extension of rear knee during the lunge, at the same time decreasing the flexion of the forward knee before extension are positive for lunge performance. 相似文献
16.
Marcos Gutiérrez-Dávila Matteo Caletti Raquel Antonio Enrique Navarro 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1100-1107
Abstract The aim of this study was to test the effect that changing targets during a simple long lunge attack in fencing exerts on the temporal parameters of the reaction response, the execution speed, and the precision and the coordination of the movement pattern. Thirty fencers with more than 10 years of experience participated in this study. Two force platforms were used to record the horizontal components of the reaction forces and thereby to determine the beginning of the movement. A three-dimensional (3D) system recorded the spatial positions of the 9 markers situated on the fencer plus the epee, while a moving target was projected on a screen, enabling the control of the target change. The results indicated that when a target change is provoked the reaction time (RT), movement time (MT), and the time used in the acceleration phase of the centre of mass (CM) increases significantly with respect to the attack executed with a straight thrust. The speed and horizontal distance reached by the CM at the end of the acceleration phase (VX(CM) and SX(CM), respectively) significantly decreased, while the errors increased. However, the temporal sequence of the movement pattern did not appreciably change. 相似文献
17.
Marcos Gutiérrez-Davila Carmen Gutiérrez-Cruz Enrique Navarro 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(5):628-635
Applying the Go/No-Go paradigm to fencing, we investigated the relationship between the moment at which the No-Go signal appeared after a movement had been initiated and the time required by fencers to suppress the motor execution of a step-lunge. Secondarily, we determined a time threshold from which movement inhibition results in an error. The No-Go stimulus was represented by a real attack movement. 18 elite fencers and a fencing master were included in the study. Four force plates measured the horizontal components of the fencer's and master's reaction forces, which were used to calculate the time components of the attack and the response inhibition process. Also, the velocity and displacement of the master's and fencer's respective centres of mass were estimated using inverse dynamics. In all cases, cognitive inhibition processes were completed after the onset of movement. Movement time was calculated using four time components (muscle activation, muscle deactivation, transition and braking time). The results obtained revealed that cognitive processes were not significantly affected by the timing of the appearance of the No-Go signal. In contrast, movement time and its time components tended to decrease when the time delay between the No-Go stimulus and the onset of the fencer's movement increased. In conclusion, any attempt to withhold an attack movement when it has already started leads to an error that increases the risk of being hit by the opponent, especially when attack is inhibited within 150?ms after the movement has started. 相似文献
18.
通过对长春市7～15岁男女中小学生视觉选择反应时的测试,找出男女生在7～15岁期间视觉选择反应时的变化特点,及其两者之间的差异性和共同性,为今后体育教学按着儿童少年视觉选择反应速度的变化规律,安排适宜的教学内容和实施因材施教的原则提供科学依据。实验结果表明:长春市男女中小学生视觉选择反应速度快速增长期段增长幅度具有一定的差异,男女生视觉选择反应速度快速增长与负增长次数及总体增长幅度具有一致性。 相似文献
19.
利用表面肌电图仪,对虹口剑校3名优秀女子花剑运动员进行肌电测试,分析这3名运动员在完成刺剑技术动作时的肌电信号变化,探讨女子花剑运动员训练肌肉的肌电活动特点。通过肌电活动及肌肉用力状态,对花剑刺剑技术进行研究,为选择针对性更强的专项训练方法、手段提供建议和参考。 相似文献