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以自组织理论及自组织临界性理论分析知识创新涌现与知识创新系统的行为规律,提出微创新迭代演进的理念,论述自组织结构下知识创新系统的自组织临界性特征,构建测度系统知识创新分布的创新熵,并阐述本研究对知识创新系统实施自组织管理的实践启示。 相似文献
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我国属于森林火灾多发的国家,每年出现的森林火灾对我国造成严重的经济损失,并对我国现有的森林资源产生极大的破坏,因此,减少森林火灾的发生,并对出现的火灾险情进行及时的扑救十分重要。为了提高森林防火工作的有效性,必须加强防火系统的信息化程度,当前我国广泛利用ARCOBJECTS技术设计森林防火辅助系统,成功实现了林火预测模型、林火损失评估模型与GIS技术的无缝集成,为我国的森林防火管理提供了可靠的信息保障。 相似文献
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通过对1997~2011年公开发表在CNKI中中国学术文献网络出版总库的5103篇森林火灾学术论文进行文献计量分析,对15年来森林火灾文献的载文量、著者、关键词、文献来源、引文频次进行分析与研究,综合论述森林火灾研究状况和发展趋势。 相似文献
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地铁人流集中,一旦发生火灾容易造成人员伤亡和财产损失,应对地铁火灾的风险进行评估。通过建立引起地铁火灾主要风险因素的故障树模型,运用模糊故障树分析方法 (Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis)对地铁火灾的风险进行定量分析,得出地铁火灾事故发生的概率和故障树底事件的概率重要度和临界重要度,并对重要度的大小进行排序,为地铁火灾风险的有效控制提供应对措施,保证地铁系统的运营安全。 相似文献
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影响沙堆自组织临界性的内因与外因 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
影响沙堆自组织临界性的内因是沙堆的规模和沙堆的组织结构，影响沙堆自组织临界性的外因是外界的扰动。沙堆的规模和沙堆的组织结构决定了沙堆是否能够出现自组织临界性。外界扰动的方式不同，自组织临界性出现的临界点不同；扰动强弱不同，会出现自组织临界性与非自组织临界性的分叉；外界的扰动表明怎样才能够出现自组织临界性以及自组织临界性出现的临界点，它只有通过沙堆的规模和沙堆的组织结构才能起作用。当内外因相互作用，使得系统在临界态能够维持其宏观上的稳定性的时候，自组织临界性就会出现。 相似文献
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自组织临界性是由巴克、汤超和维森费尔德于1987年提出的新概念。让我们以沙堆的演化为例,来说明自组织临界性的概念(见图1)。从一个小沙堆开始,如果不停地在沙堆的顶部加沙粒,这个沙堆就会逐渐长高长大。随之而来的,是沙堆上出现 相似文献
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为提高森林火险预警的准确性和智能化程度,建立了线性回归预警模型。采用最新ARM技术和传感器进行数据采集处理,提取并分析五类火险影响因子对火灾的贡献值,根据模型得出了火险等级。系统仿真结果表明,预警模型拟合效果非常接近实际火险情况。该模型适应于各类森林的火险预警,具有实际应用价值。 相似文献
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1993-2033年中国林业碳库水平及发展态势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
气候变化是自1990年来全球的环境难题,增加森林碳汇和木质林产品碳储是缓解温室效应的有效途径。林业碳库总系统包含森林碳库和木质林产品碳库两个子系统。本研究结合蓄积量法、单指数衰减模型、生物量消耗法及储量变化法,对1993-2013年的中国林业碳库各子系统进行核算分析,并运用灰色动态系统GM（1,1）模型预测2014-2033年中国林业碳库的发展趋势。研究结果表明：①1993-2013年中国森林碳库呈现稳定上升趋势,2013年中国森林碳汇为175亿t,比1993年森林碳汇提高了约50%,采伐剩余物累计碳排放和森林火灾碳排放分别为1082万t和8 866万t,抵消了森林碳库水平的0.56%;②中国过去20年木质林产品碳库增长迅速,2013年木质林产品总碳储量和新增碳储量分别为9.0亿t和0.5亿t,比1993年分别增加了1.21倍和3.22倍;③2013年中国林业碳库碳储量为184.8亿t,未来中国林业碳库的发展态势预测结果显示,2014-2033年中国林业碳库碳储量将呈稳定上升趋势,2033年中国林业碳库碳储量将达到278.43亿t,是1993年林业碳库水平的2.05倍。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献
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Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):267-268
<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese 相似文献
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WANG Sijia 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(2):192-194
<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages. 相似文献