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1.
中国煤炭资源消费状况与价格形成机制研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在中国的一次能源消费结构中,煤炭资源的比重一直是最高的,已成为国家制定的“2020发展规划”顺利实现的关键因素之一。煤炭价格形成方面存在着众多非市场化的问题,致使煤炭价格出现了绝对价格较低。比价不合理等严重阻碍煤炭市场健康发展的问题,对煤炭资源的合理利用、煤炭相关行业乃至整个国民经济发展造成较大的影响。自2006年下半年开始,国家采取了一系列煤炭价格市场化改革措施,但均收效不大,其根本原因在于煤炭价格形成机制的不合理,主要表现在：煤炭成本核算不完整,其价格并不能反映资源成本与费用。为此．应在明确改革和完善煤炭价格形成机制的目标与原则的基础上,构建合理的煤炭价格形成机制,以促进国内煤炭市场的发展和成熟,推进煤炭产、运、销、需企业的改革发展,有效缓解煤炭供需压力,保障有关各方利益。 相似文献
2.
科学的煤炭资源价格机制：富煤省份发展循环经济的基本前提 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在对煤炭资源价格机制形成的历史过程进行总结的基础上,以1978年～2004年间山西煤炭产量、消费量与山西经济增长的数据进行相关性分析,认为山西煤炭生产量与GDP增长不具有长期的均衡关系,而山西煤炭的消费量与GDP增长有着很好的同步关系,煤炭消费量的变化最终影响了经济的增长。该结论解释了山西煤炭“资源诅咒”的现象。山西资源经济要健康可持续发展,一种符合可持续发展理念的现实选择是发展循环经济。循环经济从理论层面到实际操作层面面临诸多障碍,其中制度障碍对于资源富集地区显得尤为突出。循环经济必须以经济循环为前提,经济性是循环经济发展的一个基本条件。从企业角度看,科学的煤炭资源价格的形成必将克服煤炭企业发展循环经济的成本障碍;从政府角度看,煤炭企业生产开采的外部负效应,单独依靠企业自身努力不能克服,而必须由政府从宏观调控及立法的角度对煤炭企业的税费制度进行配套改革,最终与企业内部努力形成合力,以解决煤炭企业发展循环经济的制度障碍。因此,一个市场化的科学的煤炭资源价格形成机制以及合理的相关税费政策是富煤省份发展循环经济的基本前提。 相似文献
3.
科学的煤炭资源价格机制:富煤省份发展循环经济的基本前提——以山西省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对煤炭资源价格机制形成的历史过程进行总结的基础上,以1978年～2004年间山西煤炭产量、消费量与山西经济增长的数据进行相关性分析,认为山西煤炭生产量与GDP增长不具有长期的均衡关系,而山西煤炭的消费量与GDP增长有着很好的同步关系,煤炭消费量的变化最终影响了经济的增长.该结论解释了山西煤炭"资源诅咒"的现象.山西资源经济要健康可持续发展,一种符合可持续发展理念的现实选择是发展循环经济.循环经济从理论层面到实际操作层面面临诸多障碍,其中制度障碍对于资源富集地区显得尤为突出.循环经济必须以经湃循环为前提,经济性是循环经济发展的一个基本条件.从企业角度看,科学的煤炭资源价格的形成必将克服煤炭企业发展循环经济的成本障碍;从政府角度看,煤炭企业生产开采的外部负效应,单独依靠企业自身努力不能克服,而必须由政府从宏观调控及立法的角度对煤炭企业的税费制度进行配套改革,最终与企业内部努力形成合力,以解决煤炭企业发展循环经济的制度障碍.因此,一个市场化的科学的煤炭资源价格形成机制以及合理的相关税费政策是富煤省份发展循环经济的基本前提. 相似文献
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5.
煤炭资源税改革影响效应及其情景模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
煤炭资源税改革是调节煤炭资源的级差收入、实现资源有效配置的合理手段。基于价格传导复杂网络模型,文章对煤炭资源税税率设定的合理范围及其影响效应进行定量分析,研究发现:①基于成本推动型价格传导机制而建立的价格传导复杂网络模型具有较高的适用性,能够较好地模拟我国煤炭资源税-价联动政策的影响效应;②煤炭资源税-价联动政策对下游电力、冶金、石化等资源消耗型产业的影响相对较大,这类关键产业节点可视为煤炭资源税价联动政策影响效应的重点监测部门;③不同税率情景下,煤炭资源税-价联动政策的传导效应具有情景差异,但总体上随其税率的波动而呈同向变化,CPI变动随着煤炭资源税率的提高而增长;④煤炭资源税计征形式及其税率水平将影响煤炭价格波动,进而通过价格传导机制作用宏观经济总体运行,从价税税率7%的水平下,其对宏观经济运行的影响可以接受,CPI的变动幅度约为0.92%。为保障煤炭资源税改革的顺利推进,应均衡考虑地方政府与煤炭企业的合理收益,在当前煤价持续下滑阶段政府应通过清费正税等手段放权让利于煤炭企业。 相似文献
6.
煤矿矿难频发期待多边安全生产管理体制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国煤炭开采行业矿难频发,目前我国产煤百万吨死亡率接近4,远远高于世界平均水平。我国矿难的频繁发生有其经济上和制度上的原因,产业结构不合理、生产高能耗、低效率、资源浪费严重致使煤炭开采普遍存在滥开滥采等现象;同时政府监管职能缺位、立法滞后,阻碍了我国煤炭资源开采工作的健康有序发展和危害矿工安全保护。针对我国现阶段矿难事故频发,应尽快在立法、政府监管、构筑安全体系方面有所改善,以确保我国煤炭生产行业快速、健康发展。 相似文献
7.
《内蒙古科技与经济》2017,(15)
阐述了我国煤炭资源的赋存特征、产能情况、消费状况,分析了目前煤炭资源开发利用过程中存在的一系列问题,并针对出现问题分析了其背后隐藏的原因,提出了一些针对促进我国煤炭行业可持续发展的战略及政策建议:优化调整能源生产结构,发展低碳经济,提升煤炭清洁开发利用的科技与装备水平,建立国家煤炭清洁利用协调机制,健全资源保护长效机制。 相似文献
8.
目前,我国煤炭回收率普便偏低,国有煤矿煤炭资源回收率一般在50%或者略高至60%,小煤矿煤炭资源回收率仅在15%~20%。在全面推进资源节约型社会建设的今天,中国能源十分紧缺这个问题已经得到政府高度重视,造成煤炭回收率低的原因是很复杂的,除了受采矿方法和回采工艺选择不合理,以及矿山企业自身管理不到位和资源配置不匹配等因素外,法律制度和监督机制不完备,也是影响和制约煤炭资源回收率低的重要因素。简要主要介绍两个本矿在生产实际中提高回收率的实际例子。 相似文献
9.
中国有很多煤炭资源。煤能是一种广泛用于能源,运输,金属和其他工业生产的燃料,如商业燃料和重要的化学原料。虽然合理开发和利用煤炭资源非常重要但在挖掘和运输煤炭的过程中仍存在一些问题例如,重型采矿废物和环境污染,煤炭使用中的污染问题关乎于煤炭开采的技术和方法,煤炭生产厂发挥着广泛的作用,在提高经济效率和降低生产成本方面发挥着重要作用。根据实际经验,本文分析了我国煤炭技术现状,结合现有生产方式,介绍了我国煤炭技术发展方向,探讨了我国煤炭技术发展趋势。 相似文献
10.
伴随中国国有经济的快速发展,我国的煤炭资源的安全开采技术存在的问题也层出不穷,使得人们不得不对其进行进一步的研究与分析。本文主要针对我国煤炭事业的安全现状存在的问题进行了分析、探讨,以我国煤炭事业的本质出发,归纳总结了一些解决安全生产的对策。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
15.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献