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科技创新驱动最根本在于人才发展,人才资源在国家发展各项资源中占据首要位置。通过分析我国国家发展、创新驱动以及创新人才发展环境对"十三五"适应创新驱动的科技人才发展机制的制度需求,研究我国创新型人才发展当前存在的人才培养、选拔、引进、激励等制度问题,分析影响我国"十三五"适应创新驱动的科技人才发展机制的制度主要因素,其中,积极因素有经济科技发展对人才的需求和国家政府对人才发展的支持,消极因素有"重物轻人"的科研现象和对人才发展法律保障的缺失;进而提出建立健全法律保障体系、完善制度设计、加大财政投入等相关制度建设建议。 相似文献
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制造业是国民经济的主体和立国之本。中国制造业在40年的改革开放中持续快速发展,形成了完整的工业体系,成为世界第一工业大国和第一制造大国。但总体看中国制造业"大而不强",尚未形成以技术创新为主导的驱动发展之路,除少部分通过二次创新实现快速追赶外,基本走的是以要素驱动为主,低成本为优势,出口为导向的发展模式,面临全球价值链低端锁定的局面。适应新时代高质量发展的需要,中国制造业必须从要素驱动和投资驱动向创新驱动轨道的发展转变,嵌入全球创新链,加强全面自主创新,从"中国制造"向"中国创造"转变,实现制造业的全面升级。 相似文献
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本文对创新驱动系统的结构进行了剖析,分析了创新驱动各子系统之间的关联关系,在此基础上构建了创新驱动系统的协同度测算模型,并利用此模型测算了中国专用设备制造业子系统内、子系统间及整个系统的协同度。研究结果表明:专用设备制造业创新驱动系统的协同度水平呈现波动性增长的趋势;创新驱动各子系统内的协同度存在较大差异,市场创新子系统的协同度和管理创新驱动的协同度较高,而科技创新子系统和制度创新子系统的协同度较低;专用设备制造业创新驱动各子系统间的协同度水平也有所不同,科技创新子系统与市场创新子系统的协同水平低,而与制度创新的协同水平高;市场创新与管理创新及制度创新的协同度水平均不均衡;管理创新和制度创新协同度的平均水平较低。 相似文献
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区域制造业创新驱动力评价及其差异研究 《科学学研究》2021,39(10):1908-1920
随着社会主要矛盾的转化,我国区域制造业创新驱动力不平衡性问题日益突出。如何缩小制造业创新驱动发展的区域差距,打造创新驱动共同体,促进创新驱动区域协调发展,已经成为理论与现实中的重要课题。本文在深入剖析制造业创新驱动力内涵的基础上,以技术创新与制度创新为核心构建制造业创新驱动力评价指标体系,然后采用基于熵权的灰色关联投影综合评价模型对全国总体、东中西分区域和分省域的制造业创新驱动力进行评价分析。结果显示：2006-2017年,我国制造业创新驱动力虽然总体上呈逐步上升态势,但不同区域之间和区域内部制造业创新驱动力均表现出显著的差异性。为此,本文进一步采用基尼系数对区域制造业创新驱动力的差异进行定量研究。结果表明,我国区域制造业创新驱动力的差异性呈现出逐渐拉大趋势,即体现为明显的“马太效应”。本文的研究为我国更好地实施制造业创新驱动发展战略和推进制造业创新驱动区域协调发展,进而推动制造强国和科技强国建设提供了一定的政策启示。 相似文献
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根据中国制造业发展实际情况和培育具有全球影响力的先进制造业基地的目标与要求,构建由市场需求、资本、人力资源和技术、政策和制度等动力要素构成相互耦合的动力机制模型。在此基础上,提出以市场需求为导向有效供给优质的制造业产品、以创新为导向优化高端生产要素配置、构建实施创新驱动战略的政策制度体系三大实施建议,以促进实现制造业强国目标。 相似文献
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在数字技术与高技术制造业不断深度融合趋势下,数字经济已成为驱动中国高技术制造业创新效率提升的重要动力。通过构建数字经济驱动下中国高技术制造业创新效率评价指标体系,利用Bootstrap-DEA模型对2009—2019年中国各省域高技术制造业创新效率进行评价,分析了中国高技术制造业技术创新效率区域差异、时空演变及其成因。研究发现,中国高技术制造业技术创新效率整体水平较低,且技术创新效率表现出明显的东、中、西部三大区域间差异。广东、浙江和江苏等东部地区省域的技术创新效率值较高,但面临技术创新效率提升瓶颈;而甘肃、青海和内蒙古等中西部地区省域的技术创新效率值较低,但保持较高技术创新效率增速。在数字经济驱动下,中国高技术制造业创新效率的整体差距以及东、中、西三大地区间的创新效率差距均在逐年缩小。数字资本投入、数字基础设施、数字交易规模和企业数字化水平是高技术制造业创新水平提升的重要驱动因素。结合数字经济与高技术制造业创新融合发展实践,提出了数字经济驱动高技术制造业创新效率提升的具体策略。本文是对数字经济驱动下中国高技术制造业创新效率评价指标体系的有益探索,为开展数字经济背景下中国高技术制造业创新效率问题研究提供了有益借鉴。 相似文献
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李华军 《科学学与科学技术管理》2020,41(6):70-90
基于理论逻辑和历史逻辑辩证统一的视角,系统梳理和分析经济增长、双轮驱动及创新型国家建设的内在关系、理论演进以及中国的实践。综合国内外经济增长与创新发展的理论演进历程分析,逐渐凸显微观创新筑基、中观制度赋能和宏观战略驱动的多层次协同趋势。科技创新与体制机制创新作为双轮驱动、国家创新体系与国家治理体系作为双体系支撑协同于科技与经济融合发展实践中形成的"双轮驱动+双体系支撑"创新发展模式,体现了生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑的辩证统一关系,体现了"深化创新驱动强战略支撑"和"深化全面改革促高质量发展"的协同路径和实践逻辑,是改革开放以来中国探索科技创新与经济发展深度融合、有效市场和有为政府协同、技术经济范式与制度体系优势协同的经验总结,也是新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要内容。在全球科技革命和产业变革深度融合的背景下,面对复杂多变的国际技术经济环境,协同高效的国家创新体系建设和创新治理体系改革成为构建新的发展动力系统的核心内容,多主体参与、多层级互动、多中心、网络式的创新治理格局以及全方位、系统性、协同型的失灵现象综合治理模式亦成为当前的主要任务。因此,在中国创新型国家建设过程中,需要进一步深化"双轮驱动+双体系支撑"的创新发展模式以及中国特色创新理论,为深入推进创新治理体系改革提升科技创新体系化能力、充分发挥制度优势并转化为治理效能应对各种风险挑战冲击提供保障,也为高质量发展阶段的科技强国和经济强国建设提供理论依据和政策指引。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献