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1.
基于环境压力的长江经济带工业生态效率研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
长期粗放型的工业增长模式给中国生态环境造成巨大压力,已经引起了社会各界的广泛关注。作为一种新型的衡量经济、资源与环境协调度的指标,生态效率可以体现某个经济单元在生产产品或提供服务的同时最大限度的减少自然资源消耗与环境污染排放(环境压力)的一种能力,反映了经济增长、资源节约与环境保护之间的平衡关系。本文选择工业用水总量、工业煤炭消费量、工业COD排放量以及工业SO2排放量作为环境压力代表性指标纳入DEA分析框架之中,实证测算2006-2012年长江经济带11个省市的5类工业生态效率(IEE)指标值,并考察IEE的地区差异与动态演变特征,采用σ收敛与绝对β收敛两种收敛分析方法检验IEE的收敛性,建立Tobit面板回归模型分析长江经济带IEE的影响因素。结果表明,长江经济带的IEE整体水平不高,资源节约与污染减排空间巨大;不同地区IEE差异特征明显且不存在明显的收敛趋势;经济发展水平、工业结构、工业能源消费结构、外资利用、政府环境规制力度对长江经济带及其上、中、下游地区的IEE均有一定影响,但影响的力度、方向以及显著性存在差异。 相似文献
2.
基于DEA的生态效率测度——以中国各省的工业为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杨文举 《科学．经济．社会》2009,27(3):56-60,65
基于数据包络分析的生态效率测度方法根据经济产出数据得到各种环境压力指标的内生权重,进而得到各个决策单元可获得的最大相对生态效率。文章以中国各省的工业为例,介绍并应用了这种生态效率测度方法。分析表明,中国各省的工业生态效率不仅普遍低下,而且省际差异很大,其根本原因在于大多数省份没有使用或没有充分利用那些“最佳实践技术”;中国各省的工业生态效率与工业发展水平之间没有明显的相关关系,其部分原因在于各省没有真正树立起生态环保意识。为改善中国经济活动的环境绩效,政府应该奖励和宣传那些生态效率相对好的省份,以充分发挥它们的示范效应,并以它们为参照来科学、合理地构建污染物排放标准,以及实施严格的环境管制等。 相似文献
3.
基于生态效率的资源环境绩效动态评估——以江西省为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
提高资源环境绩效是我国生态恢复与重建的核心和关键。本文从生态效率角度,利用改进的资源环境绩效指数(REPI)对江西省2000年-2008年资源环境强度与绩效进行了系统分析。结果表明:①江西省在经济增长快速推进的同时,能源消耗也基本上保持同步增长,水资源消耗增长比较缓慢;COD和SO2的排放量下降趋势也基本相同,但其历年排放总量明显高于全国平均水平;②在资源环境强度下降的同时,江西省能源消耗强度略低于全国平均水平,但用水强度和建设用地强度均明显高于全国平均水平;工业固体废弃物排放强度明显低于全国平均水平,COD和SO2的排放强度则高于全国平均水平;③江西仍然为我国资源环境绩效水平较为落后的地区之一,其综合绩效指数有相对下降趋势;④江西省资源环境绩效指数从大到小排名,2000年是:工业固体废弃物排放绩效SO2排放绩效能源绩效建设用地绩效COD排放绩效用水绩效;到2008年则是:工业固体废弃物排放绩效能源绩效SO2排放绩效建设用地绩效COD排放绩效用水绩效。最后,本文就提高江西资源环境综合绩效,建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,提升江西在我国中部地区的综合竞争力进行了讨论。 相似文献
4.
基于生态效率的资源环境绩效动态评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提高资源环境绩效是我国生态恢复与重建的核心和关键。本文从生态效率角度,利用改进的资源环境绩效指数（REPI）对江西省2000年-2008年资源环境强度与绩效进行了系统分析。结果表明：①江西省在经济增长快速推进的同时,能源消耗也基本上保持同步增长,水资源消耗增长比较缓慢;COD和SO2的排放量下降趋势也基本相同,但其历年排放总量明显高于全国平均水平;②在资源环境强度下降的同时,江西省能源消耗强度略低于全国平均水平,但用水强度和建设用地强度均明显高于全国平均水平;工业固体废弃物排放强度明显低于全国平均水平,COD和SO2的排放强度则高于全国平均水平;③江西仍然为我国资源环境绩效水平较为落后的地区之一,其综合绩效指数有相对下降趋势;④江西省资源环境绩效指数从大到小排名,2000年是：工业固体废弃物排放绩效>SO2排放绩效>能源绩效>建设用地绩效>COD排放绩效>用水绩效;到2008年则是：工业固体废弃物排放绩效>能源绩效> SO2排放绩效>建设用地绩效>COD排放绩效>用水绩效。最后,本文就提高江西资源环境综合绩效,建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,提升江西在我国中部地区的综合竞争力进行了讨论。 相似文献
5.
选取乌昌地区为研究区域,综合运用频度分析法、理论分析法和专家咨询法构建指标体系,通过层次分析法对乌昌地区能矿资源的可持续利用能力进行评价,得出结论:1)能矿资源规模与供给系统指数呈现明显的波动状态,分别在1999年和2005年形成波谷;2)资源利用的经济效益系统指数基本呈现上升趋势;3)环境压力与环境治理系统指数呈现明显的阶段性上升的特征;4)乌昌地区能矿资源可持续利用的能力指数呈现出平稳上升的趋势.受乌昌地区水资源短缺和生态环境脆弱等因素影响,对能矿资源可持续能力影响最大的子系统为环境压力与环境治理系统.在各指标中,对能矿资源可持续能力影响较大的指标是能矿资源生产总量、水资源利用相关指标以及资源型产业的GDP和资源型产业固定投资比重等. 相似文献
6.
基于非期望中间产出网络DEA的中国省际生态效率评价研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从工业生产和环境保护两阶段视角,考虑非期望中间产出在两个子阶段的转化情况,创新性地构建具有非期望中间产出的中国省际生态效率评价指标体系,运用非期望中间产出网络DEA模型对我国30个省份2009~2014年的生态效率进行分析.研究表明:中国全局及阶段生态效率整体偏低,考察期内全局生态效率均有效的省份仅占13.3%,省际间生态效率差异比较明显;中国生态效率空间格局与经济空间格局类似,阶段生态效率呈现由东部地区向中西部内陆阶梯式递减的趋势;全国总体、东部、中部以及西部地区全局生态效率不存在明显的收敛特征,省际间生态效率差距在不断扩大. 相似文献
7.
8.
铜是战略物资,其高效利用关系国民经济发展及国家工业化进程。本文运用物质流分析方法,建立了金属铜资源物质流模型,在此基础上,通过层次分析与熵权法构建了铜资源生态效率评价体系,对中国1990年、1995年、2000—2015年铜资源生态效率进行评价,结果显示：单位时间内铜资源生命周期内所产生的可有效利用的金属铜及其附属产品的物质及经济价值总量在1990—2015年间呈先降、后升、再降趋势;铜资源生产、加工、消费和回收过程中所消耗的能源总量及废弃物排放所产生的环境负荷自1990年开始逐年减小;生态效率在1990—2015年期间逐年攀升,于2011年进入中效状态。之后基于未来铜资源生态效率的三种情景进行分析,在情景1和情景2下：2050年中国铜资源生态效率分别达到3.10和3.65,是中效的中等水平和中效的偏高水平;在情景3中：2050年生态效率为4.45,分别为1990年、2000年、2010年、2015年生态效率的3.89、4.15、2.32、1.80倍,铜行业发展状态已达到“微耗损型发展,可持续”的初等水平,预计之后将稳定在4.45左右。依照以上研究结果,铜行业的发展应坚持经济效益和节能环保相结合的方式,以期未来走上绿色、可持续的发展道路。 相似文献
9.
准确评估环境政策对畜禽养殖污染排放的影响,探寻政策影响机理是科学制定畜禽养殖环境政策的重要依据。为此,本文基于2006—2018年省级面板数据,运用双重差分和中介效应模型分析了环境政策对中国畜禽养殖污染排放的影响及机制。结果表明：①自2014年以来实施的一系列环境政策有助于减少畜禽养殖污染排放;②一系列环境政策对畜禽养殖污染排放的削弱作用存在主体异质性和地区异质性,环境政策在初始污染水平较高的省份、畜牧大省以及东部省份的影响效应较为明显,在初始污染水平较低的省份、非畜牧大省以及中西部省份的影响效应不明显;③环境政策实施使得养殖总体规模下降、规模化程度提升以及养殖结构调整,进而减少畜禽养殖污染排放,而环境政策虽然能够促进农业技术进步,但难以进一步起到减少养殖污染排放的作用。据此提出要提高中国畜禽养殖环境政策的政策效率,需要进一步以差异化政策促进区域畜禽养殖污染的协调防治,挖掘规模化养殖、技术进步在污染防治中的作用,此外要高度重视生猪养殖污染防治问题。本文不仅为畜禽养殖环境政策优化调整提供定量化参考,还为推进适度规模化养殖提供一定的理论和实证依据。 相似文献
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借助非合意产出超效率SBM模型,测得2010—2019年中国30个省份生态效率,在对生态效率与绿色信贷空间趋同特征进行分析的基础上,运用地理加权回归模型分阶段研判了绿色信贷对生态效率影响的时空异质性特征。研究发现：全国整体生态效率缓慢上升,东部生态效率高于全国平均水平;东北、中、西部地区生态效率值低于全国平均水平,但彼此差距较小。绿色信贷对生态效率的影响由2010—2014年间的轻微抑制转变为2015—2019年间的显著促进,绿色信贷对生态效率高值地区的作用效果更强。城镇化水平、产业结构、技术水平对生态效率均呈改善作用;现阶段绿色信贷对生态效率的作用效果弱于城镇化与产业结构,呈现“西强东弱”的空间分异。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
16.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
17.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献