共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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表观遗传学是研究没有DNA序列变化的可遗传的基因表达的改变。它主要通过DNA的甲基化、组蛋自修饰、染色质重塑和非编码RNA调控等方式控制基因表达。近年发现,一个等位基因被另外一个等位基因在转录水平上沉默的副突变现象可能包含有表观遗传性质的变化。遗传学和表观遗传学系统既相区别,又彼此影响,相辅相成,共同确保细胞的正常功能。 相似文献
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贺竹梅 《中山大学学报论丛》2001,21(5):80-85
遗传学是研究生物遗传与变异的科学，通俗地讲是研究生物亲代与子代、子代与子代之间像与不像的科学。从表面上看遗传学似乎只是研究生物性状的遗传和变异，但当我们深究其本质的时候，实际上，遗传学是以基因为中心，研究基因的传递、基因的结构、基因的表达、基因的变异等问题。无论从孟德尔的遗传因子到现在的ＤＮＡ 精细结构，遗传学都是围绕基因在发展，现在我们可以这样说：如果不以基因为中心，遗传学课的教学将无法展开，生命现象也就无法理解。 遗传学作为一门实验科学，自始至终着眼于对基因—遗传物质的结构和功能的研究，在不同… 相似文献
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医学遗传学是遗传学的一个分支,它研究人类疾病与遗传关系,即研究遗传病的发病、传递方式、诊断、治疗、预防、再发风险,尤其是预防措施,为控制遗传病在一个家庭中的发生和人群中的流行提供理论基础和实际知识。遗传学家人为:疾病是人体遗传结构控制的代谢方式与人体周围环境之间的失衡引起的。目前,遗传性疾病有单基因病、多基因病、染色体病、线粒体病、体细胞遗传病和获得性遗传病。人们普遍认为,人类所有疾病都直接或间接地与基因有关。鉴于此,使教学内容越来越显充实、广泛、科学、先进的情况下,探索未来该学科的发展是很有必要的。 相似文献
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孟德尔是遗传学的创始人，被誉为遗传学之父。孟德尔的豌豆杂交实验是生物学历史上一项经典性工作。他以豌豆作为研究对象．通过8年辛勤的杂交实验，最终发现了生物遗传的两大基本规律：基因的分离定律和基因的自由组合定律。 相似文献
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李丹 《赣南师范学院学报》2007,28(2):79-81
在大多数情况下,多种基因会相互作用而改变我们的行为倾向。在任何情况下,如果不涉及个体生存的环境,行为遗传学的课程都是无法理解的。遗传与环境具有相互作用。素质教育是以承认个体差异为前提的,这种差异既有遗传的基础,又受环境的影响。行为遗传学的发展前景就是在心理学家的参与下,以行为基因组学为中心、定量遗传学和分子遗传学的整合。 相似文献
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人类改良生物品种的活动已有数千年的经验积累了。但是把这一活动纳人科学的轨道则是在经典遗传学建立之后。人们利用遗传学的基本原理和技术方法去改良品种,逐步形成了遗传育种学这门遗传学的分支学科。经典遗传学认识到在细胞染色体上存在着基因、即由专门控制物种遗传性状的遗传物质构成的遗传单位。改良品种的工作就是改变物种的基因,以期出现人类所需要的新的性状(变种)。主要的手段是自然选育、诱发突变和 相似文献
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Michael J. Meaney 《Child development》2010,81(1):41-79
Variations in phenotype reflect the influence of environmental conditions during development on cellular functions, including that of the genome. The recent integration of epigenetics into developmental psychobiology illustrates the processes by which environmental conditions in early life structurally alter DNA, providing a physical basis for the influence of the perinatal environmental signals on phenotype over the life of the individual. This review focuses on the enduring effects of naturally occurring variations in maternal care on gene expression and phenotype to provide an example of environmentally driven plasticity at the level of the DNA, revealing the interdependence of gene and environmental in the regulation of phenotype. 相似文献
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Jenny Lewis 《Science & Education》2014,23(2):361-379
This paper explores knowledge and understanding of basic genetics and gene technologies in school students who have been taught to a ‘science for all’ National Curriculum and compares 482 students in 1995 (gene technology was a new and rapidly developing area of science with potential to impact on everyday life; the first cohort of students had been taught to the National Curriculum for Science) with 154 students in 2011 (genomics had replaced gene technology as a rapidly developing area of science with potential to impact on everyday life; science as a core subject within the National Curriculum was well established). These studies used the same questions, with the same age group (14–16) across the same (full) ability range; in addition the 2011 sample were asked about stem cells, stem cell technology and epigenetics. Students in 2011 showed: better knowledge of basic genetics but continuing difficulty in developing coherent explanatory frameworks; a good understanding of the nature of stem cells but no understanding of the process by which such cells become specialised; better understanding of different genetic technologies but also a wider range of misunderstandings and confusions (both between different genetic technologies and with other biological processes); continuing difficulty in evaluating potential veracity of short ‘news’ items but greater awareness of ethical issues and the range of factors (including knowledge of genetics) which could be drawn on when justifying a view or coming to a decision. Implications for a ‘science for all’ curriculum are considered. 相似文献
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Deborah Youdell 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2017,38(8):1273-1287
This article makes a case for biosocial education as a field of research and as a potential framework for education practice. The article engages with sociology of education’s contemporary interests in embodiment and affect, the possibilities offered by concept studies, and uses of assemblage and complexity theory for thinking about educational phenomena. It also considers broader social science and political theory engagements with epigenetics and neuroscience. The article examines the legacy of the biology/sociology split and the risks, limits, and potentialities of degrounded collaborative trans-disciplinary biosocial research. It considers developments in biosciences that may have particular resonance and promise for education, in particular the epigenetics of care and stress and the metabolomics of diet. The article argues that sociology of education should engage with bioscience to interrogate the folding together of the social, cultural, biographical, pedagogic, political, affective, neurological, and biological in the interactive production of students and learning. 相似文献
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DNA芯片技术是近年发展起来的DNA分析技术，它采用高速打印或光刻合成技术可在硅片、玻璃或尼龙膜上制造DNA微阵列.样品DNA通过PCR扩增、体外转录等技术掺入荧光标记分子，与微阵列杂交后，通过荧光扫描仪扫描及计算机分析即可获得样品中大量基因序列及表达信息.该技术可应用于DNA序列测定、基因表达水平检测、基因及多态性检测、发现新基因等多个研究领域. 相似文献
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Guo Xue-jun Yang Dong Zhang Xiang-yuan 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2019,20(7):550-562
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B - Although a relationship between epigenetics and aging phenotypic changes has been established, a theoretical explanation of the intrinsic connection... 相似文献
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Interchange - This essay sheds light on the “father of epigenetics,” Conrad Hal Waddington’s (1905–1975) tacit critique of one of the most prominent biologists of the... 相似文献
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增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA),也称周期蛋白或DNA聚合酶的辅助蛋白,是真核细胞合成所必需的核蛋白,在DNA复制中起重要作用。前期实验发现日本七鳃鳗肝脏cDNA文库的表达序列标签(Expressed Sequence Tag,EST)中存在与高等脊椎动物pcna基因同源的序列。提取日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)肝脏组织RNA,通过RT-PCR方法扩增七鳃鳗pcna基因,对其进行生物信息学分析,并将Lj-pcna基因成功构建到pGFP-N2真核表达载体上,重组质粒PGFP-N2-Lj-pcna转染人Hela细胞,荧光显微镜下观察有荧光蛋白的表达。日本七鳃鳗pcna基因的真核表达载体成功构建和转染,为探讨七鳃鳗pcna基因功能研究及其它七鳃鳗相关研究提供条件。 相似文献
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以CAT基因为报道基因,探讨了杆状病毒后期启动子在大肠杆菌中启动表达CAT基因的活性。结果显示在不含多角体基因及其启动子的质粒中,具合成启动子的表达量最高,野生型多角体启动子的表达量次之,而含ⅩⅣ多角体启动子的最低;具相同CAT基因启动子的质粒中,含多角体蛋白基因及其野生型启动子者较不含者强,含合成与ⅩⅣ启动子串联组合者与单纯ⅩⅣ启动子者表达量近乎一致,但均较前者为弱。以上结果表明,杆状病毒后期启动子在大肠杆菌与在昆虫细胞中的启动表达的能力并非完全一致。 相似文献
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EST技术在植物基因克隆和基因表达谱研究中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
表达序列标签是cDNA的部分序列，是通过对cDNA库进行大规模上次性测序而获得．对于植物研究而言，该技术已成为一种高效、经济的克隆重要植物基因的工具．而且，通过分析来自特定组织的EST库可以定量地估计该组织中各类基因的表达丰度．这种组织基因表达谱可用于阐明植物的代谢调控网络或植物对生物、非生物胁迫反应的信号转导途径．章以几个典型的实例阐释如何利用EST技术来克隆重要的植物经济性状基因及以此技术进行表达谱研究． 相似文献
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Clustering is an important technique for analyzing gene expression data. The self-organizing map is one of the most useful clustering algorithms. However, its applicability is limited by the fact that some knowledge about the data is required prior to clustering. This paper introduces a novel model of self-organizing map （SOM） called growing hierarchical self-organizing map （GHSOM） to cluster gene expression data, The training and growth processes of GHSOM are entirely data driven, requiring no prior knowledge or estimates for parameter specification, thus help find not only the appropriate number of clusters but also the hierarchical relations in the data set. Compared with other clustering algorithms, GHSOM has better accuracy. To validate the results, a novel validation technique is used, known as figure of merit （FOM）. 相似文献