共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Timothy C. Papadopoulos 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2001,16(4):549-568
This study examined whether phonological and cognitive tasks correlate with beginning reading acquisition in Hellenic populations under two different instructional approaches: a whole language approach supplemented by implicit coding instruction through incidental learning, as used in Cyprus, versus the syllable-splitting approach characterised by explicit decoding instruction, as used in Greece. Planning, attention, simultaneous, and successive processing tasks together with three phonological coding tasks (Oddity task, Phoneme Elision, and Sound Isolation) were administered to 50 Greek and 50 Cypriot Grade 1 students. Word Attack and Word Identification were also administered to measure early reading competency. The main findings of the study were as follows: (a) significant group differences were revealed in word-decoding accuracy but not in realword reading accuracy, an expected finding in a system characterised by high grapheme-phoneme consistency; (b) successive processing and phonological coding consisted of the fundamental abilities that differentiated the Greek from the Cypriot first-graders; and (c) the Greek group exhibited a higher linguistic ability than the Cypriot group. This was facilitated by the use of the distal cognitive processes to reading, that is, successive and simultaneous processing. The discussion focuses on the need to reconsider the nature of early reading instruction in languages such as Greek with high grapheme-phoneme consistency. 相似文献
2.
A paradigm of specialized brain hemisphere processing abilities was used to test cognitive skills and cognitive style in "learning-disabled" (LD) and "normal" children. Results indicate that (1) verbal ability is not a unitary factor, and LD children are deficient in only some aspects of verbal ability; (2) the LD group perform as well as the control group on right-hemisphere tests; (3) LD boys are more field sensitive (field dependent) than the control boys; (4) LD children may be attempting to use a nonverbal information processing mode to deal with academic tasks. The need for information on nonverbal processing skills in order to aid verbal processing is discussed. 相似文献
3.
《Contemporary educational psychology》2014,39(4):359-368
Previous research indicates that mood can have both negative and positive effects on students' cognitive processes, and that school-related stressors may negatively impact on academic performance. However, little is known about the role of negative mood specifically originating from stressful situations experienced in the school setting in children's cognitive performance. This study aims to assess 1) the effect of viewing a film clip of a school-related stressor on students' mood, and to test whether a positive guided imagery (PGI) can reduce it; 2) the effect of a mood-induction procedure (MIP) and PGI on basic academic performance; 3) if students with different degrees of school adaptation perform differently after experiencing the MIP and PGI. Participants were 205 students (103 girls) aged between 8 and 13 years, recruited in primary and lower secondary schools in Northern Italy. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups undergoing: 1) only MIP, and 2) MIP followed by PGI. Students completed mood questionnaires and a basic processing speed math task before and after the mood induction. In addition, they were asked to report on their school anxiety, school stress manifestation, and quality of the student–teacher relationship via self-report questionnaires. Both the MIP and the PGI proved to be effective. Students' basic academic performance significantly decreased in the MIP group, but not in the PGI group. Participants with higher school adaptation were more affected by the MIP and PGI compared to children with lower school adaptation. The discussion addresses the significance of these results for theory on the effects of mood on students' learning as well as for practice in educational settings. 相似文献
4.
Previous research suggests that individuals with developmental dyslexia perform below typical readers on non-linguistic cognitive tasks involving the learning and encoding of statistical-sequential patterns. However, the neural mechanisms underlying such a deficit have not been well examined. The aim of the present study was to investigate the event-related potential (ERP) correlates of sequence processing in a sample of children diagnosed with dyslexia using a non-linguistic visual statistical learning paradigm. Whereas the response time data suggested that both typical and atypical readers learned the statistical patterns embedded in the task, the ERP data suggested otherwise. Specifically, ERPs of the typically developing children (n?=?12) showed a P300-like response indicative of learning, whereas the children diagnosed with a reading disorder (n?=?8) showed no such ERP effects. These results may be due to intact implicit motor learning in the children with dyslexia but delayed attention-dependent predictive processing. These findings are consistent with other evidence suggesting that differences in statistical learning ability might underlie some of the reading deficits observed in developmental dyslexia. 相似文献
5.
以100名4-5岁中班幼儿为研究对象,采用任务分离范式考察内隐学习条件下象形文字(东巴文、甲骨文)对幼儿汉字字形记忆的影响。该篇研究包括两个实验,幼儿均通过颜色判断任务进行学习,实验1采用再认任务考察象形文字对幼儿汉字字形外显记忆的影响,实验2采用偏好判断任务考察象形文字对幼儿汉字字形内隐记忆的影响。研究发现,在内隐学习条件下,甲骨文比东巴文更能够促进汉字字形的外显记忆,象形文字可以成为幼儿汉字学习的良好辅助材料。 相似文献
6.
程春梅 《外语教学理论与实践》2012,2(1):47
本文综述了国内外对中国英语学习者英语语调的研究,发现确实存在调群切分不当、调核位置混乱、调型使用不当等汉式英语的语调特征,然后从英语语调的加工和提取这两个角度分析了问题产生的原因。结论认为,中国英语学习者的英语语调输入在工作记忆中的加工不足,未能在“注意”的认知接口中得到处理,因而难以在隐性加工的计算系统中得到强化,导致英语的内隐语调知识不如母语的强大,所以英语产出时的语调加工仍是母语路径。 相似文献
7.
Limited processing capacity constrains learning and performance in complex cognitive tasks. In traditional instruction, novices' failure to adequately learn cognitive tasks can often be attributed to the inappropriate direction of attention and the related high or excessive load that is imposed on a learner's cognitive system. An instructional design model for the training of complex cognitive tasks should provide instructional strategies that control cognitive load. We propose such a model and recommend research in which the cognitive load of instructional manipulations is systematically investigated and determined with mental-effort based measures. 相似文献
8.
We investigated the relationship between reading and explicit and implicit categorical learning by comparing university students
with poor reading to students with normal reading abilities on two categorical learning tasks. One categorical learning task
involved sorting simple geometric shapes into two groups according to a unidimensional rule. The sorting rule was easily stated
by the participants, consistent with explicit learning, and all participants attained criterion levels of performance. The
second task involved the integration of features on different dimensions with a more complex rule that could not be described
by participants, even though most could attain criterion levels of performance consistent with implicit learning. Poor readers
performed as well as those without reading problems in explicit learning but not in implicit learning. Implicit learning was
correlated with word reading, phonological decoding, and orthographic skill, independent of verbal ability. We consider the
role of implicit learning in reading, and how a deficit could impair phonological and orthographic representation and processing. 相似文献
9.
This paper reports the outcomes of an empirical study undertaken to investigate the effect of students’ cognitive styles on
achievement in measurement tasks in a dynamic geometry learning environment, and to explore the ability of dynamic geometry
learning in accommodating different cognitive styles and enhancing students’ learning. A total of 49 6th grade students were
tested using the VICS and the extended CSA-WA tests (Peterson, Verbal imagery cognitive styles and extended cognitive style analysis-wholistic analytic test—Administration guide. New Zealand: Peterson, 2005) for cognitive styles. The same students were also administered a pre-test and a post-test involving 20 measurement tasks.
All students were taught a unit in measurement (area of triangles and parallelograms) with the use of dynamic geometry, after
a pre-test. As expected, the dynamic geometry software seems to accommodate different cognitive styles and enhances students’
learning. However, contrary to expectations, verbalisers and wholist/verbalisers gained more in their measurement achievement
in the environment of dynamic geometry than students who had a tendency towards other cognitive styles. The results are discussed
in terms of the nature of the measurement tasks administered to the students. 相似文献
10.
YNGVAR OMMUNDSEN 《教育心理学》2003,23(2):141-157
Previous research has shown that cognitive processing and achievement strategies are important for motor learning and achievement. Despite this, there are few studies identifying the role of motivational beliefs in the cognitive self-regulation of students' learning in physical education classes. This study reports the results of multivariate analyses of the relationships between thirteen to fourteen-year-old secondary school pupils' (n=343) implicit theories of ability and their self-regulated learning in PE. Self-regulation measures included metacognitive/elaboration strategies, effort regulation and adaptive help seeking. Results revealed consistent relationships between motivational beliefs and pupils' use of self-regulation strategies. The results underscore the educational value of reappraising pupils' implicit theories of ability, making them believe in the modifiability of ability through effort and hard work and learning. The results illustrate the importance of linking pupils' motivational and cognitive characteristics to provide a fuller understanding of their self-regulation of learning in physical education. 相似文献
11.
Performance in science reasoning tasks is a significant objective in modem science instruction and increasing emphasis is being placed on the development of higher cognitive processes in science education. An empirical analysis of the relationship between science reasoning skills and the amount of information acquired during science learning as predicted by a neuromathematical model of information processing is presented. As the neuromathematical model includes a variable representing verbal ability, it is to be expected that a direct relationship exists between the amount of knowledge gained as predicted by the model and reasoning ability. The purpose of this research is to derive a formal quantitative statement for the relationship between knowledge acquisition predicted by the neuromathematical equation and scientific reasoning skills. A linear regression equation is obtained relating performance on a science reasoning task to the amount of information acquired as predicted by the neuromathematical model. This research provides a first approximation to providing a theoretical and empirical link between information processing and higher cognitive thought processes in science education. 相似文献
12.
Xihe Zhu Ang Chen Catherine Ennis Haichun Sun Christine Hopple Marina Bonello Mihae Bae Sangmin Kim 《Contemporary educational psychology》2009
Students’ learning has been the center of schooling. This study examined the contribution of situational interest motivation and cognitive engagement in workbooks to student achievement in learning health-related fitness knowledge. Situational interest, performance on solving workbook problems, and knowledge gain in cardio-respiratory fitness and benefits were measured in 670 third-grade students from 13 randomly selected urban elementary schools. Structural equation modeling and regression curve estimation analyses revealed that situational interest contributed little to workbook performance and knowledge gain. Performance on solving workbook problems contributed significantly to knowledge gain. The results also show that skipping workbook tasks had stronger negative impact on knowledge gain than performing the tasks incorrectly, suggesting the importance of engaging students in the learning process by attempting the workbook tasks. The findings reinforced the value of using workbooks to facilitate cognitive knowledge learning in physical education, but raised questions about the direct function of situational interest on engaging students in cognitive learning. 相似文献
13.
WAGEEH W. BOLES HITENDRA PILLAY LEONARD RAJ 《European Journal of Engineering Education》1999,24(4):371-383
An approach aimed at enhancing learning by matching individual students' preferred cognitive styles to computer-based instructional (CBI) material is presented. This approach was used in teaching some components of a third-year unit in an electrical engineering course at the Queensland University of Technology. Cognitive style characteristics of perceiving and processing information were considered. The bimodal nature of cognitive styles (analytic/imager, analytic/verbalizer, wholist/imager and wholist/verbalizer) was examined in order to assess the full ramification of cognitive styles on learning. In a quasi-experimental format, students' cognitive styles were analysed by cognitive style analysis (CSA) software. On the basis of the CSA results the system defaulted students to either matched or mismatched CBI material. The consistently better performance by the matched group suggests potential for further investigations where the limitations cited in this paper are eliminated. Analysing the differences between cognitive styles on individual test tasks also suggests that certain test tasks may better suit certain cognitive styles. 相似文献
14.
15.
《Learning and Instruction》2006,16(4):363-373
The potential impact of implicit learning on education has been repeatedly stressed, though little research has examined this connection directly. The current paper describes two experiments that, inspired by artificial grammar learning experiments, examine the utility of implicit learning as a method for teaching atomic bonding rules to 11–12 year old school children. Two groups were given tasks that led to explicit rule learning; two other groups were given tasks that did not lead to rule learning; and a control group was trained on irrelevant stimuli. We observed an implicit learning effect, but learning was much more effective when more explicit ways of teaching were employed. These findings suggest that mere exposure to regular material is not sufficient for effective learning of rules, and that an explicit approach to instruction is advisable. 相似文献
16.
Spoken language consists of a complex, sequentially arrayed signal that contains patterns that can be described in terms of statistical relations among language units. Previous research has suggested that a domain-general ability to learn structured sequential patterns may underlie language acquisition. To test this prediction, we examined the extent to which implicit sequence learning of probabilistically structured patterns in hearing adults is correlated with a spoken sentence perception task under degraded listening conditions. Performance on the sentence perception task was found to be correlated with implicit sequence learning, but only when the sequences were composed of stimuli that were easy to encode verbally. Implicit learning of phonological sequences thus appears to underlie spoken language processing and may indicate a hitherto unexplored cognitive factor that may account for the enormous variability in language outcomes in deaf children with cochlear implants. The present findings highlight the importance of investigating individual differences in specific cognitive abilities as a way to understand and explain language in deaf learners and, in particular, variability in language outcomes following cochlear implantation. 相似文献
17.
Marcy Perkins Driscoll 《Contemporary educational psychology》1985,10(1):38-51
One purpose of this study was to determine whether cognitive structure, assessed by psychometric measures of concept interrelatedness, can be developed when the students initially do not know what concept relationships exist and what they mean. The second purpose was to apply those measures to a learning situation that has produced a nonspecific transfer effect, i.e., the facilitative effect of concrete examples on learning abstract passages, to attempt to explain this effect more completely. Five groups of 20 students each read two prose passages and took recall and structure assessment tests on the second passage. Results (1) indicated that the nonspecific facilitative transfer effect was replicated and (2) offered some support for the contention that the cognitive structure which proximity measures assess can be trained to correspond to content structure, but that related recall remains low. With resolution of some of the methodological issues surrounding these measures, however, clearer explanation of transfer effects and assessment of higher order learning may be facilitated. 相似文献
18.
基于移动学习终端的智能化课堂学习数据分析多是基于教学互动和学习结果反馈等显性学习行为实现的,可穿戴的脑机接口设备能够测量学生的认知负荷、注意力、情感等内隐状态,为智能化课堂教学提供新的技术支持。本文构建了基于脑机接口的智能化课堂应用模型,通过脑机接口与移动终端的结合,实现师生教与学风格识别匹配、学习者脑波状态测量、教师教学行为智能化支持、学生复杂能力评测等智能化教学任务。为验证模型的可行性,本文开展了两项实证研究,验证基于脑机接口实现学习风格分类的可能性,分析了常态课堂教学中学生注意力特征,并基于学生教学活动的注意力特征提出课堂教学优化策略。 相似文献
19.
内隐记忆、无觉察知觉与内隐学习关系综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
王军妮 《湖州师范学院学报》2007,29(1):91-94
内隐记忆、无觉察知觉与内隐学习是当今无意识领域研究的热点问题,这是因为它们都与“认知无意识”有关.当所完成任务不需要意识性提取过去经验时,表现出来的是内隐记忆;如果刺激呈现在意识觉察阈限以下,这种短暂、无觉察的呈现对后续的行为产生了影响,说明无觉察知觉在起作用;人们学习了复杂信息但又对所学知识完全不能用言语表达出来,体现了内隐学习的作用.内隐记忆与内隐学习之间存在相互关系:不同点表现为所涉及的加工阶段、研究范式、研究材料、所使用的加工分离程序及所涉及的脑区四个方面;相同点表现为无意识加工过程、研究范式阶段及加工水平影响三个方面.无觉察知觉与内隐学习之间也存在着不可忽视的联系:不同点表现在引起无意识的原因、认知加工过程及学习材料复杂程度三个方面;相同点体现在主试对学习材料的操纵、实验研究范式及意识与无意识的分离三个方面. 相似文献
20.
This work is concerned with the issue of user performance with audio interfaces. We examine how people perform when assigned with simple purely audio tasks. We define 'user performance' as the ratio of correct score divided by the time to complete the task. A test was devised to examine how the user cognitive style classification is related to user performance when dealing with audio tasks. Performance was significantly different between all tasks except for two cases. Subjects performed best where the level of cognitive demands placed on them were low and prefer tasks that use 'Speech', rather than 'Non-Speech'. Cognitive style was not found to be a significant factor influencing performance where all subjects performed well, but subjects' Verbal-Imagery classification was found to be a significant factor for the more complex tasks. 相似文献