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1.
Few family studies of delinquency have focused on siblings. We use a sibling research design to evaluate shared (i.e., family) and unshared environmental influences on delinquency. The 15-22-year-old adolescent siblings were nationally representative, and uniquely, in families of 2 to 4 siblings. No unshared family environmental influences were found for sisters and for mixed-sex siblings, but they may exist for brothers. The data suggested substantial shared environmental and/or shared genetic influences for siblings: the median sibling correlations, averaged over family sizes, were: brothers, r = .30; sisters, r = .28, and mixed sex, r = .21. 相似文献
2.
This article addresses children’s sibling relationships as a site of social learning involving the (re)production of femininity and masculinity, drawing on in‐depth qualitative interviews with children aged 8–12. We begin by noting the lack of focus on gender in the majority of previous work on siblings. After introducing our own study, we look at the ways in which children understood their siblings in relation to themselves, highlighting points of closeness and division, and pointing to class distinctions around individuality and collectivity. We then explore how ‘talk’ and ‘activity’ are key gendered features of children’s relationships with their sisters and brothers, revealing versions of femininity and masculinity, and interplays of power. Finally, we consider how these gendered features of sibling practices have implications for children’s ability to deal with change in relationships with their sisters and brothers, especially living apart from each other, and we return to class as a feature of their understandings. 相似文献
3.
Although a number of studies have shown that brothers are highly correlated for delinquent behavior, much less research has been conducted on sisters. We propose that sisters, like brothers, show notable similarity for delinquent behavior, and also promote each other's delinquency through direct interaction. We examined these issues in 164 brother and sister pairs studied over a 4-year period (from early to middle adolescence) in a study of intact families in the rural Midwest. Sibling similarity for self-reports of delinquent behavior were highly correlated for both brothers and sisters. Conditional effects of high levels of hostile-coercive sibling relationships and older sibling delinquency predicted younger sibling delinquency in both brother and sister pairs. For brothers, conditional effects were also detected for high levels of warmth-support, in contrast to sisters. The conditional effects of older sibling delinquency and relationship quality were shown to predict change in younger sibling delinquency through adolescence. The results add to a growing literature on sibling effects as well as theoretical models that emphasize the role of social interaction between siblings as a risk factor for the development of delinquent activity in adolescence. 相似文献
4.
This study examines the connections between having a sister versus a brother and coming from a same-sex versus an opposite-sex sibling dyad and the degree of sex-typing in adolescents' friendship experiences, including the qualities of their friendships (i.e., intimacy, control) and their friends' personal attributes (i.e., sex-typed leisure interests, expressive and instrumental personality qualities). Participants were 159 firstborn-secondborn adolescent sibling pairs (M = 14.94 years and M = 12.43 years, respectively) and a close friend of each sibling (N = 636, including siblings and friends). Data were collected during home visits with siblings and telephone interviews with friends of siblings. The results suggested that sisters may learn control tactics from their brothers that they apply in their friendships; boys, however, were less likely to model the emotional intimacy that characterized their sisters' experiences with friends. In addition, coming from an opposite-sex sibling dyad was linked to sex-typing in friends' personal attributes, particularly their masculine leisure interests and instrumental personality qualities. Sisters and brothers may provide unique opportunities to learn about sex-typed relationship experiences in early adolescence, a time when gender segregation in the peer context is pervasive. 相似文献
5.
Sibling relationships within the childhood families of 144 eminent Canadian women are described in this exploratory study into perceived closeness within the sibship. The factors that influenced the closeness of the relationship were sought using thematic analysis of the women's reflections on their childhood. Half of the sample experienced close sibling relationships; half did not. Those who felt close to at least one of their siblings often expressed their own responsibility as well as rivalry within the sibship. Those who did not feel close to their brothers or sisters often blamed the age difference among the children, the perceived favoritism of one child by the parents, and the feeling of the gifted girl of being alone, special, or different. A developmental change in relationships over time was noted, particularly by those women who were not closely bonded to their siblings in childhood. 相似文献
6.
Lynda Warren Dodd 《British Journal of Special Education》2004,31(1):41-49
In this article, Lynda Warren Dodd, who is senior educational psychologist for early years and the Portage Service supervisor in Stockport LEA, discusses the development of a support group for the brothers and sisters of young children with a wide range of disabilities. The group has been running, as an annual event, for eight years and offers a mix of socialising, games and group work. Through the group, the Portage Service aims to address some of the isues that emerge for families when there is a child with a disability. In order to evaluate the support offered to siblings, as well as to the child with special needs and their parents or carers, members of the Portage team gathered views from children and adults. Several key themes emerged from the comments made by children. All the participants enjoyed attending the sibling group. The children had varying degrees of understanding about their brothers' and sisters' disabilities. Some reported positive attitudes while others described the negative feelings they experienced in relation to their siblings' special needs. The parents also tended to value the sibling group and most of them asked for the provision to be extended. Lynda Dodd sets her account of this evaluation in the context of a constructive review of the literature on the sibling experience. She closes her article with a valuable summary of the implications of her work for future policy and practice in this important and often neglected area. 相似文献
7.
Maynard AE 《Child development》2002,73(3):969-982
Psychology has considered the development of learning, but the development of teaching in childhood has not been considered. The data presented in this article demonstrate that children develop teaching skills over the course of middle childhood. Seventy-two Maya children (25 boys, 47 girls) ranging in age from 3 to 11 years (M = 6.8 years) were videotaped in sibling caretaking interactions with their 2-year-old brothers and sisters (18 boys, 18 girls). In the context of play, older siblings taught their younger siblings how to do everyday tasks such as washing and cooking. Ethnographic observations, discourse analyses, and quantification of discourse findings showed that children's teaching skills increased over the course of middle childhood. By the age of 4 years, children took responsibility for initiating teaching situations with their toddler siblings. By the age of 8 years, children were highly skilled in using talk combined with manual demonstrations, verbal feedback, explanations, and guiding the body of younger learners. Children's developing competence in teaching helped their younger siblings increase their participation in culturally important tasks. 相似文献
8.
Parent-Child Relationships, Family Problem-Solving Behavior, and Sibling Relationship Quality: The Moderating Role of Sibling Temperaments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this study we sought to determine whether sibling temperaments moderated the associations of parent-child relationship quality and family problem-solving behavior with sibling relationship quality. Observational assessments of mother-child and father-child relationship quality, family problem-solving behavior, and sibling relationship quality were obtained from the families of 49 pairs of brothers and 46 pairs of sisters. Mean ages were 10-2 for older siblings and 7-6 for younger siblings. Parent-reported child temperament assessments were also obtained. The links among mother–older child relationship quality, father–older child relationship quality, and sibling relationship quality were moderated by the older sibling's temperament. The younger and older siblings' temperaments moderated the associations between the quality of the father–younger sibling and sibling relationships. The association between family problem-solving behavior and sibling relationship quality was not moderated by sibling temperaments. 相似文献
9.
van Ijzendoorn MH Moran G Belsky J Pederson D Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ Kneppers K 《Child development》2000,71(4):1086-1098
Do siblings develop similar attachment relationships with their mother? Attachment theory suggests that brothers and sisters growing up in the same family are likely to relate in similar ways to their parents, at least when parental attachment representations and interactive styles remain stable across time. In the current study, sibling attachment data from three research groups (from Pennsylvania State University, Leiden University, and the University of Western Ontario) have been pooled to assemble a sufficiently large sample of observations (N = 138 sibling pairs) for a detailed comparison of sibling attachment relationships. Spacing between the births, differences in maternal sensitivity, and gender of siblings were examined as possible sources of concordance of nonconcordance. Attachment security (including disorganized attachment) of each sibling was assessed with the Strange Situation procedure between 12 and 14 months after birth. Maternal sensitivity was observed with the same rating scale in a laboratory play session in one of the studies and in home observations in the others. Sibling relationships were found to be significantly concordant when classified as secure/nonsecure (62% concordance, p < .01, 1-tailed, intraclass correlation = .23) but not when further subcategorized. Maternal insensitivity to both siblings (shared environment) was associated with concordance of sibling nonsecurity. Siblings of the same gender were more likely to form concordant relationships with their mother (68%; p < .01, 1-tailed, intraclass correlation = .37) than those of opposite gender. Same-sex sibling concordance was comparable to the concordance found for monozygotic twins in earlier studies. Genetic factors may, therefore, play a relatively small role in the development of attachment. 相似文献
10.
Zolinda Stoneman Gene H. Brody Susan L. Churchill & Laura L. Winn 《Child development》1999,70(5):1246-1262
This study examined the influence that residential dislocations have on child behavior problems, depression, peer competence, cognitive competence, and the quality of sibling relations in a sample of 70 Head Start children, aged 32 to 67 months, and their older brothers and sisters, aged 48 to 155 months. This was the first study to investigate the sibling relationship in the context of high residential mobility. Information on child characteristics was obtained from mothers and teachers. Sibling data (warmth/harmony and conflict) were obtained from coding videotaped interactions. Child emotionality was found to be an important moderator of the effects of residential mobility on young, poor children and their siblings; caregiver conflict was a less powerful moderator of these effects. Residential instability seemed to compromise the warmth/harmony of the sibling relationship. It was concluded that the effects of residential instability are complex and cannot be understood without considering child characteristics, such as temperament, and the family context in which the child lives. 相似文献
11.
Aglaia Stampoltzis Georgia Defingou Katerina Antonopoulou Sofia Kouvava Stavroula Polychronopoulou 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(4):474-490
This study investigates the psycho-social characteristics of typically developing children who have siblings with autism and their sibling relationship. Children’s adjustment at school, their self-esteem and social relations, as well as their friends’ attitudes towards their autistic siblings were examined. Participants were 22 siblings of children with autism, aged 8–18?years, 22 mothers and 22 fathers. Parents provided demographic information, and completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Sibling Inventory of Behaviour. Data from siblings of children with autism were based on a semi-structured interview, the Self-Perception Profile for Children and Adolescents and the Siblings Problems Questionnaire. Only few typically developing siblings of children with autism exhibit emotional and behavioural difficulties. The majority of them have a good relationship with their autistic brother or sister, although they mentioned changes in their daily routines. They also seem not to be satisfied in terms of peer acceptance skills and friendships. In addition, the results of the present study provide evidence for positive parental views on their typically developing children’s emotional and behavioural adjustment. These findings are important and need to be taken into account in order to assess functioning of all family members in families with autism spectrum children. 相似文献
12.
Sahar Borairi Andre Plamondon Michelle Rodrigues Nina Sokolovic Michal Perlman Jennifer Jenkins 《Child development》2023,94(1):110-125
This study examined the extent to which 205 sibling dyads influenced each other during conflict. Data were collected between 2013 to 2015. The sample included 5.9% Black, 15.1% South Asian, 15.1% East Asian, and 63.8% White children. Older siblings were between 7–13 years old (Female = 109) and younger siblings were 5–9 years old (Female = 99). Siblings' conflict resolution was analyzed using dynamic structural equation modeling. Modeling fluctuations in moment-to-moment data (20-s intervals) allowed for a close approximation of causal influence. Older and younger siblings were found to influence one another. Younger sisters were more constructive than younger brothers, especially in sister–sister dyads. Sibling age gap predicted inertia in older siblings. Socialization processes within sibling relationships are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Michael A. Petalas Richard P. Hastings Susie Nash Alan Dowey Deirdre Reilly 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2009,56(4):381-399
Semi‐structured interviews were used to explore the perceptions and experiences of eight typically developing siblings in middle childhood who had a brother with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The analysis yielded five main themes: (i) siblings’ perceptions of the impact of their brother’s condition on their lives, (ii) siblings’ perceptions of the attitudes of others, (iii) siblings’ tolerance and acceptance towards their brothers, (iv) positive attitudes and experiences, and (v) siblings’ views on support for themselves and their brothers. These exploratory findings can be used to inform future larger scale studies and quantitative research. Initial implications for practice focus on issues related to enhancing the development of support services for siblings of children with ASD. 相似文献
14.
《British Journal of Special Education》1989,16(1):15-17
School-based support groups for siblings of children with severe learning difficulties are few and far between. Although opinions vary as to the most effective way of supporting siblings the response of brothers and sisters to the group set up at St Bartholomew's School, Sittingbourne, suggests that such a group is successfully meeting a need. Alun Flynn, educational psychologist, Kent Education Department, and Marion Meakin, deputy head at the school, report on the first 12 months of the project. 相似文献
15.
Research studies have shown the importance of early intervention services for young children with autism spectrum disorders
(ASD) and their families. However, most attention has been given to the effectiveness of treatments solely for children with
ASDs. Because the family centered practice has been emphasized and supported by many researchers and legislation, involving
family members other than children with ASDs and their parents in the assessing, planning, and implementing interventions
is seen as crucial. The purpose of this article is to review what sibling relationships look like for a typically developing
sibling of a child with an ASD and what resources are available for parents and specialists to support siblings of children
with ASDs. 相似文献
16.
Marita Jacob 《Higher Education》2011,61(3):277-291
In a recent paper on gender inequality in higher education Buchman and DiPrete (2006) assume that the decrease in the gender
gap in college completion in the US can partly be explained by changes in the allocation of familial resources in favour of
women. However, they do not test this hypothesis empirically. In this paper I examine the effects of sibling sex composition
on the graduation of women in more detail by analysing data from the German Life History Study. I assume that resources are
the key issue to explaining the effects of sibling configuration on educational attainment. Tertiary education is a good case
for testing sex composition effects due to the unequal distribution of resources between and within families, because the
direct costs and opportunity costs of higher education are relatively high compared to those of earlier educational decisions.
Accordingly, I expect that working class daughters are most likely to be disadvantaged if they are raised with brothers. The
empirical results show that in fact, not the presence of a brother as such hinders educational attainment of sisters, but
older brothers have a negative influence on their sisters chances of graduation. In accordance to the hypothesis, this effect
is stronger for university graduation than for graduation at Fachhochschule. For social class differences in sibling effects it turns out that working class daughters are particularly less likely to
graduate compared to service class daughters if there are older brothers in the family. 相似文献
17.
少数民族贫困地区大龄女童辍学问题追踪研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近几年,少数民族贫困地区女童教育研究转向了对大龄女童(10～12岁)辍学问题及辍学的多因素综合治理方面.少数民族大龄女童辍学率高,主要原因是她们已经成为家里的劳动力或后备劳动力,通过她们的劳动或外出打工来支撑贫困的家庭及继续弟妹的学业.农村实行"两免一补"政策后,这一问题有了一定的缓解,但不能从根本上解决.为此,建议通过设立民族教育发展专项基金或发展特区的政策,从根本上解决民族教育的这一难点问题. 相似文献
18.
The effects of sisters’ and brothers’ education on the annual school entry probability of boys and girls in rural Amhara are estimated, using within-household variation. There are negative effects of younger siblings’ school attendance on girls’ school entry, and positive effects of older brothers’ literacy only when they have left school. This is consistent with an impeding role of credit constraints. The long-run effects of educated siblings once they have left school are positive. This could be either due to siblings’ income contributions, easing credit constraints, due to changed perceptions about the benefits of education, or both. Oldest brothers receive less education than other boys, perhaps since they are meant to take over the family farm, making agricultural learning by doing more valuable. 相似文献
19.
袁雯雯 《金华职业技术学院学报》2014,14(6):13-16
采用社会支持评定量表对高职在校生进行问卷调查,结果发现:父母及兄弟姐妹、同学、舍友对高职生的支持十分重要,老师及学校内的团体的支持很欠缺,高职生求助和倾诉行为被动且窄。不同类型高职生在社会支持及各分量表支持状况存在显著差异。应该深化认识,增强主导学生社会支持体系建构的责任感;建构个体自身,家长与舍友,班干部与同学,党团组织与社团,辅导员及任课教师、心理辅导教师的六级心理支持体系;完善党团、社团组织建设,提高学生的归属性支持;尊重差异,对特殊群体进行针对性干预;弘扬传统文化,实现学生互帮互助。 相似文献
20.
Previous research and first-hand experience suggest that a child with a disability can have a profound effect on family life. Although the need for sibling support has been acknowledged in legislation, the implications for non-disabled siblings remain unclear. In this article, Angie Naylor, lecturer in psychology, and Phil Prescott, senior lecturer in childhood and youth studies, both based at Edge Hill, review a number of key themes emerging from the literature on sibling support. They go on to report the findings from an in-depth study of one sibling support group. The work was carried out in partnership with Barnardo's in the north-west of England and involved setting up a sibling support group, in response to an analysis of local need, and evaluating its impact. This research indicates a clear need for further service provision to meet the needs of the siblings of disabled children who attended the scheme. Angie Naylor and Phil Prescott argue for a reinvigorated debate about the needs of such children and champion the importance of listening to children and valuing what they have to say. The results of this small-scale evaluation project have clear implications for future research and, potentially, for policy and practice. 相似文献