共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
林楠 《辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2012,35(4):480-484
焦虑是人面临自由选择时存在的心理体验。焦虑症患者或高特质焦虑者在加工信息过程中,对所加工的刺激不是同等程度地分配注意,而是根据刺激的特点进行不同程度的加工,对与威胁相关的刺激产生注意偏向,也就是优先加工威胁性刺激,对威胁性刺激加工效率高。以往对焦虑者注意偏向的研究采用的主要研究范式有:点探测范式和线索-靶子范式。研究的主要被试有:焦虑病人、社交恐惧障碍者和焦虑状态的正常人。选择的实验材料主要是:携带威胁信息的词汇和图片,其中图片主要是带有不同情绪的面孔图片,并以生气的、愤怒的为主。未来的研究应该关注焦虑者注意偏向的形成机制及生理机制。 相似文献
2.
Ying-ying ZHANG Heng-fen GONG Xiao-li ZHANG Wen-juan LIU Hai-yan JIN Fang FANG Sophie SCHNEIDER Elizabeth MCINGVALE Chen-cheng ZHANG Wayne K.GOODMAN Xi-rong SUN Eric A.STORCH 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2019,(4):363-370
目的:强迫症患者的愤怒发作通常由强迫症状触发。然而,中国强迫症患者愤怒发作临床特征的相关研究报道较少。本研究主要探讨中国强迫症患者愤怒发作的发生率及其临床相关因素。创新点:本研究是第一篇探讨中国强迫症患者愤怒发作的临床特点的研究。研究发现:教育水平越高的强迫症患者愤怒发作的严重程度越低。方法:九十例15～78岁的原发性强迫症患者参与了本研究。研究人员对患者进行了以下量表的评估:愤怒发作和愤怒严重程度量表(ROARS)、耶鲁-布朗强迫量表第二版(Y-BOCS-Ⅱ)和布朗信念评估量表(BABS)。强迫症患者完成了改良强迫问卷-修订版(OCI-R)和抑郁焦虑应激量表(DASS-12)。结论:31.3%的强迫症患者在过去一周内有愤怒发作,ROARS的得分与年龄、疾病病程、强迫症严重程度、抑郁和压力没有显著相关性。ROARS得分与教育程度呈负相关,与强迫思维和焦虑程度呈正相关。 相似文献
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强迫症心理机制的理论述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
强迫症是以无法控制的强迫思维和强迫动作为特征的神经症性障碍,对它发病机制的研究成为近年来国内外研究的焦点。在对强迫症的概念进行界定的基础上,重点分析了精神分析理论、人本主义理论、行为主义理论和认知行为理论关于强迫症的心理机制的观点,发现各个流派的观点存在分歧,有必要逐步走向整合。 相似文献
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通过代表高低趋近动机水平的欲求美食图片和愉悦动物图片作为积极情绪刺激。运用空间线索任务,从而探讨个体的注意偏向机制,进而验证积极情绪对注意偏向的影响。以在校学生为被试,采用2（线索刺激：关食图片,动物图片）×2（提示类型：有效,无效）被试内设计。研究发现：当SOA=300ms时,个体对高趋近动机水平刺激没有出现注意警觉,也没有出现注意维持。 相似文献
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[编者按]"这种念头占据了我所有的时间,使我每天如行尸走肉般地活着.""脑子里经常会冒出一些他所厌恶的想法,他想把它们咽下去.""他经常反复清洗东西,反复用手擦拭被同学碰过的衣服、书本."强迫症是一种以强迫性观念和强迫性行为为主要特征的神经官能症.生活中每个人都曾有过强迫症状,强迫症的强迫症状是病理性的,它持续时间长,发生次数频繁,虽然当事人知道它不合理,却无法摆脱,给自身带来痛苦,从而引起日常生活行为的紊乱和无序.本栏目将以专题形式分期刊登有关强迫症的一些优秀咨询个案,希望其中的一些方法能对您的咨询工作有所帮助. 相似文献
6.
李智 《湖北第二师范学院学报》2014,31(7):74-76
随着社会的快速发展,中国人正经历着社会压力的考验。愈发关注个体性的中国社会,抑郁症、强迫症等心理疾患开始流行。与心理学、精神病学框架下的强迫症不同,强迫症患者Z在知悉“强迫症”这一概念前后不同的生命体验,揭示了强迫症作为社会性疾病的可能性。 相似文献
7.
陈贞兰 《安顺师范高等专科学校学报》2013,15(3):106-108
很多强迫症根源于潜意识及由潜意识导致的焦虑与人格结构的失衡,治疗强迫症应以此为基点,通过咨访双方的交流发掘个案内心深处与病症有关的潜意识,使其潜意识暴露,焦虑缓解,人格结构获得平衡,症状得以解除.故此,精神分析疗法、认知行为疗法、催眠疗法等在强迫症治疗中都具有针对性. 相似文献
8.
羞耻是抑郁发展的敏感因素。研究通过两个2-back范式实验考察羞耻情绪对不同抑郁倾向者工作记忆负性认知偏向的影响。实验1采用数字为材料的2-back任务,实验2采用正性与负性词汇为材料的2-back任务。研究发现,羞耻能够影响工作记忆,而且低抑郁倾向羞耻个体呈现负性加工偏向,但是该偏向在高抑郁倾向组消失。研究表明暂时性的羞耻情绪发挥补偿作用,影响抑郁的负性认知偏向。 相似文献
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陈向丽 《中小学心理健康教育》2017,(28)
当前,中学生的心理健康教育问题不容忽视.班主任如何对班里出现心理问题的学生进行帮教,加强对学生的心理健康教育,提高学生的心理素质,值得探讨和研究.本案例通过讲述我对班里一位患有强迫症学生的帮教,引发了对于"教师如何开展心理问题学生的帮教"问题的思索,认为心理问题学生的帮教,是一个长期而且考量耐心的过程,需要讲究心理教育艺术,注重情感因素开发.同时,该工作的开展离不开学校、老师、家长、同学诸方面的共同配合,更离不开专业心理医生的帮助. 相似文献
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恐惧症作为以恐惧症状为主要临床表现的一种神经症,分为不同的亚型,不同恐惧症个体对特定事物的注意偏向存在特异性。眼动技术作为一种新的研究范式逐渐进入恐惧症研究领域,为恐惧症个体注意偏向的探讨提供了有利支持。本文聚焦近年来关注较多的社交恐惧症和蜘蛛恐惧症,梳理恐惧症个体注意偏向的成分和时程性等方面的眼动研究,并在最后提出未来研究展望,以期为该领域的后续研究提供启示。 相似文献
12.
Harvey F. Clarizio 《Psychology in the schools》1991,28(2):106-115
This article reviewss the current research and latest clinical views on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in schol-age youth. Common compulsions center around washing, counting, and checking, whereas typical obsessions involove themes of aggression, contaminations, sex, order, and scrupulosity. Because those affected with OCD tend to keep their ritualistic behavious hidden, we have tended to seriously underestimate the prevalence of the condition, which authorities now believe is 20 to 40 times more common in youth than previously estimated. Discussion focuses on differentiation from normaity and related psychopathological disorders, biological and psychological factors in etiology, school adjustment, continuity from childhood to adulthood, and drung as well as behavioual therapies. Implications for school psychlgists are presented. 相似文献
13.
There is substantial evidence that clinically referred and nonreferred high-anxious adults selectively shift attention toward threatening stimuli. In contrast, low-anxious adults shift attention away from threatening stimuli. Recent evidence suggests that clinically referred anxious children also selectively attend to threatening information. The present study tested for the presence of such a bias in a nonreferred sample of high-anxious children and also included the first adequate test for an attentional bias away from threat among low-anxious children. 20 high- and 20 low-test-anxious children, 11–14 years of age, completed a task in which visual attention was indexed by latency to detect probes following emotionally threatening and neutral words. Results supported the predicted attentional bias toward threat cues among high-test-anxious children. Unexpectedly, the predicted attentional bias away from threat cues was found only among low-test-anxious boys. Low-test-anxious girls attended equally to threatening and neutral words. In sum, selective attention mechanisms influence children's processing of threatening information and may play a role in the regulation and dysregulation of childhood anxiety. 相似文献
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毒品问题已成为国际性的社会问题。近年来有关吸毒的外显认知研究受到了挑战,内隐认知的研究开始逐渐引起学者的关注。有关吸毒的内隐认知主要包括内隐态度、注意偏向与联想记忆,其研究方法涉及到内隐联想测验、外部情绪西蒙作业、联想记忆任务、STROOP任务、探测任务、视觉搜索任务和闪动典范等等。吸毒的内隐认知研究对预防与矫治工作有启示作用。另外,各种内隐认知测量方法之间的关系,以及吸毒的内隐认知和外显认知之间的关系有待进一步探讨。 相似文献
15.
背景线索效应是有关视知觉和场景注意的热点研究之一。对背景线索效应的研究主要有视觉搜索任务和变化觉察任务两种范式。目前,对视觉搜索任务范式下的研究比较系统详尽,尤其是对影响背景线索效应因素的研究。但是,在变化觉察任务范式下有关背景线索效应的研究并不多。在对以往两种任务范式下的背景线索效应进行介绍分析的基础上,展望了今后在变化觉察任务范式下的研究。 相似文献
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Maltreated children usually show a specific pattern of emotional and behavioral symptoms that exceed those relating to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These symptoms have been defined as Complex PTSD (CPTSD). The underlying attentional mechanisms of abnormal emotional processing and their relation to the clinical presentation of CPTSD are not well understood. A visual dot-probe paradigm involving pre-attentive (i.e., 500 ms) and attentive (i.e., 1500 ms) presentation rates of neutral versus emotional (i.e., angry, happy or sad) facial expressions was applied. Twenty-one maltreated CPTSD children were compared with twenty-six controls. The results are as follows: an attention bias away from threatening faces and an attentional bias towards sad faces were observed in maltreated CPTSD children during pre-attentive and attentive processing. Whereas the attentional bias away from angry faces was associated with social problems, the attentional bias towards sad faces was associated with depressive and withdrawn symptoms. Therefore, CPTSD children develop maladaptive negative cognitive styles, which may underlie not only social problems (by a cognitive avoidance of threatening stimuli) but also depressive symptoms (by a cognitive approach to sad stimuli). Attention processing abnormalities should be considered as therapeutic targets for new treatment approaches in this population. 相似文献
17.
Laurie Loop Mandy Rossignol Sarah Galdiolo Isabelle Roskam 《Parenting, science and practice》2018,18(1):9-27
Objective. The aim of this study was to test whether and to what extent inducing attentional bias in mothers toward a child’s positive emotions using a micro-trial method would improve mothers’ emotional and behavioral reactions in parenting-related situations. Effects on children were also assessed. Design. Forty-two mothers of 4- to 5-year-old children participated. Half of the mothers were exposed to an attention bias modification task designed to elicit a transient bias toward positive stimuli. After the manipulation, they were observed during a free-play session and frustration laboratory tasks designed to elicit positive and negative emotions. Results. Mothers exposed to the attention bias modification task displayed more positive emotional and behavioral reactions toward their child during both free-play and frustration tasks. Their children also behaved better, especially during the free-play session. The influence of mothers’ attention allocation on children’s outcomes was mediated by mothers’ behavior. Conclusions. An attention bias modification program is useful in improving interactions between mothers and children. 相似文献
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Elina Birmingham Tamara Meixner Grace Iarocci Christopher Kanan Daniel Smilek James W. Tanaka 《Child development》2013,84(4):1407-1424
The strategies children employ to selectively attend to different parts of the face may reflect important developmental changes in facial emotion recognition. Using the Moving Window Technique (MWT), children aged 5–12 years and adults (N = 129) explored faces with a mouse‐controlled window in an emotion recognition task. An age‐related increase in attention to the left eye emerged at age 11–12 years and reached significance in adulthood. This left‐eye bias is consistent with previous eye tracking research and findings of a perceptual bias for the left side of faces. These results suggest that a strategic attentional bias to the left eye begins to emerge at age 11–12 years and is likely established sometime in adolescence. 相似文献