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李赞 《体育科技文献通报》2005,(1)
本文采用文献资料法、专家访问法和比较分析法,对参加2000年全国田径大奖赛上海站比赛的男子标枪运动员陈奇和李荣祥最后用力阶段下肢相关运动学参数进行比较分析,并指出其下肢技术动作中所存在的问题。结论: 1.在右腿支撑时期,陈奇右腿支撑阶段技术优 相似文献
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运用文献资料法、测试法、数理统计法和比较分析法,对参加2018年至2020年全国青年女排集训的15支队伍183名运动员的三项下肢专项素质进行测试、分析,旨在发现青年女排的下肢专项素质特征,为进一步提高我国青年女排下肢力量素质提供参考。研究结果表明:我国青年女排不同专位间运动员下肢专项力量符合排球专项位置特征,但整体下肢爆发力和快速移动能力偏低,均有上升空间;需着重加强副攻的下肢快速移动能力和二传下肢纵向爆发力。 相似文献
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采用文献资料法、专家访问法和比较分析法，对参加2000年全国田径大奖赛上海站比赛的男子标枪运动员陈奇最后用力阶段相关技术指标进行分析，并指出其技术动作中所存在的问题。 相似文献
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《湖北体育科技》2020,(4):331-335
目的测试不同速正向单摇跳绳支撑期动力学及运动学参数,分析地面反作用力特征与下肢关节角度变化特征的关系。方法选取10名专业跳绳运动员进行慢速、中速、快速的连续跳绳测试。采集动作过程中支撑期垂直地面反作用力(VGRF)值,计算运动中下肢动力学参数,同步采集动作中的运动学参数。结果中速跳绳支撑期VGRF值、爆发力、落地阶段膝关节角度均显著大于慢速跳绳和快速跳绳(p<0.05);快速跳绳下肢关节活动范围均小于慢速跳绳和中速跳绳(p<0.05);慢、中、快速跳绳运动腿刚度由小到大为中速跳绳<慢速跳绳<快速跳绳。结论快速跳绳可以作为专项练习的辅助手段发展踝关节力量;快速跳绳可以锻炼膝关节和髋关节稳定性。中速跳绳可以练习踝关节、膝关节周围肌肉力量和爆发力且出现损伤的风险小。 相似文献
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利用高速录像拍摄法、比较分析法、数理统计法等对参加2004年第七届全国大学生运动会男子800m甲、乙组决赛的运动员途中跑的动学特征进行了分析。结果表明:我国男子大学生运动员800m运动水平的差距主要体现在步长方面,而步长的差距又是由于他们之间的后蹬角度和前摆角度存在着显著性差异所造成的。 相似文献
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通过对短道速滑弯道技术动作和速度滑冰技术动作的分析,认为短道弯道技术练习对提高速度滑冰运动员的弯道能力具有积极的影响作用。速度滑冰弯道技术中使用短道弯道技术练习具有一定的优势,并从短道和速度滑冰运动员弯道下肢动作,即髋膝踝的角度、身体倾斜度、蹬冰角度以及技战术与训练等方面,阐释短道速滑和速度滑冰运动员之间的动作结合点,分析利用短道弯道技术优化速度滑冰技术动作的合理性,提出短道弯道训练对提高速度滑冰运动员弯道技术的重要作用。 相似文献
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通过对短道速滑弯道技术动作和速度滑冰技术动作的分析,认为短道弯道技术练习对提高速度滑冰运动员的弯道能力具有积极的影响作用。速度滑冰弯道技术中使用短道弯道技术练习具有一定的优势,并从短道和速度滑冰运动员弯道下肢动作,即髋膝踝的角度、身体倾斜度、蹬冰角度以及技战术与训练等方面,阐释短道速滑和速度滑冰运动员之间的动作结合点,分析利用短道弯道技术优化速度滑冰技术动作的合理性,提出短道弯道训练对提高速度滑冰运动员弯道技术的重要作用。 相似文献
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练习三级跳远的重点是练习落地的反弹速度和高度,知道何时用力,怎样用力以及每一跳的动作技术和技巧。而卧推凳可以很好帮助中职生练习三级跳远,练习动作要领,它还可以有效地提高学生的下肢爆发力。因此,卧推凳是中职生提高三级跳远的理想器材。本文就巧妙利用卧推凳,使学生学会掌握起跳角度训练下肢爆发力、学会协调惯性提高跨步腾空高度以及学会挺身收腹向前获得最大远度。 相似文献
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文章运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验对比法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,以山西省大同市游泳学校队员为研究对象,通过对队员进行下肢力量练习的实验,分析下肢力量练习对少年蛙泳运动员成绩的影响,为游泳教学、训练提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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Biomechanical differences in double poling (DP) between sex and performance level were investigated in female and male cross-country skiers during a classical race (10/15 km). Skiers were divided into faster and slower on basis of race performance: females faster (n=20), females slower (n=20), males faster (n=20), and males slower (n=20). Based on video analysis while DP in a flat section of the track, joint and pole angles at pole plant (PP) and pole-off, cycle characteristics and the use and coordination pattern of heel-raise (raise of heels from the ground to have a higher body position at PP) were analysed. Faster females and males had 4.3% and 7.8% higher DP velocity than their slower counterparts (both P<0.001). Faster males had 6.5% longer cycles than slower males (P<0.001). Faster skiers stopped heel-raise later than slower skiers (females: 2.0±3.4% vs. ?1.0±3.5%, P<0.05; males: 3.9±2.4% vs. 0.8±3.2% of cycle time in relation to PP, P<0.001). At PP, faster skiers and male skiers had a smaller pole angle and greater ankle to hip and ankle to shoulder angle with respect to vertical, resulting in a more distinct forward body lean. However, the majority of the differences are likely due to higher DP velocity. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to determine the kinematic patterns that maximized the vertical force produced during the water polo eggbeater kick. Twelve water polo players were tested executing the eggbeater kick with the trunk aligned vertically and with the upper limbs above water while trying to maintain as high a position as possible out of the water for nine eggbeater kick cycles. Lower limb joint angular kinematics, pitch angles and speed of the feet were calculated. The vertical force produced during the eggbeater kick cycle was calculated using inverse dynamics for the independent lower body segments and combined upper body segments, and a participant-specific second-degree regression equation for the weight and buoyancy contributions. Vertical force normalized to body weight was associated with hip flexion (average, r = 0.691; maximum, r = 0.791; range of motion, r = 0.710), hip abduction (maximum, r = 0.654), knee flexion (average, r = 0.716; minimum, r = 0.653) and knee flexion-extension angular velocity (r = 0.758). Effective orientation of the hips resulted in fast horizontal motion of the feet with positive pitch angles. Vertical motion of the feet was negatively associated with vertical force. A multiple regression model comprising the non-collinear variables of maximum hip abduction, hip flexion range of motion and knee flexion angular velocity accounted for 81% of the variance in normalized vertical force. For high performance in the water polo, eggbeater kick players should execute fast horizontal motion with the feet by having large abduction and flexion of the hips, and fast extension and flexion of the knees. 相似文献
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JONATHAN SINCLAIR JIM RICHARDS PAUL J. TAYLOR CHRISTOPHER J. EDMUNDSON DARRELL BROOKS SARAH J. HOBBS 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):272-282
The treadmill is an attractive device for the investigation of human locomotion, yet the extent to which lower limb kinematics differ from overground running remains a controversial topic. This study aimed to provide an extensive three-dimensional kinematic comparison of the lower extremities during overground and treadmill running. Twelve participants ran at 4.0 m/s ( ± 5%) in both treadmill and overground conditions. Angular kinematic parameters of the lower extremities during the stance phase were collected at 250 Hz using an eight-camera motion analysis system. Hip, knee, and ankle joint kinematics were quantified in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes, and contrasted using paired t-tests. Of the analysed parameters hip flexion at footstrike and ankle excursion to peak angle were found to be significantly reduced during treadmill running by 12° (p = 0.001) and 6.6° (p = 0.010), respectively. Treadmill running was found to be associated with significantly greater peak ankle eversion (by 6.3°, p = 0.006). It was concluded that the mechanics of treadmill running cannot be generalized to overground running. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThis study examined the weightlifting load effects on the lower extremity coordination pattern during a snatch pull movement. Twenty male elite weightlifters performed snatch trials in each of the three load conditions [light (30%), medium (65%) and heavy (90%) of their maximum weightlifting capacities]. Kinematic data for the transition, second pull and take-off phases of a snatch were collected at 200 Hz using an eight-camera motion capture system. Angle-angle plots and coupling angles were calculated for further analyses. The results indicate that participants utilised knee flexion control-strategy in light and medium load conditions during the transition phase, but not for in-phase strategy in heavy load condition. In the second pull phase, participants utilised concurrent ankle dorsiflexion and knee extension, followed by hip extension strategy. The heavy load condition exhibited the distinct coordination strategies before knee extension. In the take-off phase, light and medium load conditions appeared to use thigh-phase strategy (right ankle-knee: p = 0.788, left: p = 0.035, right knee-hip: p = 0.012, left: p = 0.017, right ankle-hip: p = 0.029, left: p = 0.011). This suggests that the heavy load condition requires the use of two-joint coordination patterns (in-phase or anti-phase) as compared to the other lighter load conditions. 相似文献
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Tobias Alt Kai Heinrich Johannes Funken Wolfgang Potthast 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(6):552-560
Curve running requires the generation of centripetal force altering the movement pattern in comparison to the straight path run. The question arises which kinematic modulations emerge while bend sprinting at high velocities. It has been suggested that during curve sprints the legs fulfil different functions. A three-dimensional motion analysis (16 high-speed cameras) was conducted to compare the segmental kinematics of the lower extremity during the stance phases of linear and curve sprints (radius: 36.5 m) of six sprinters of national competitive level. Peak joint angles substantially differed in the frontal and transversal plane whereas sagittal plane kinematics remained unchanged. During the prolonged left stance phase (left: 107.5 ms, right: 95.7 ms, straight: 104.4 ms) the maximum values of ankle eversion (left: 12.7°, right: 2.6°, straight: 6.6°), hip adduction (left: 13.8°, right: 5.5°, straight: 8.8°) and hip external rotation (left: 21.6°, right: 12.9°, straight: 16.7°) were significantly higher. The inside leg seemed to stabilise the movement in the frontal plane (eversion–adduction strategy) whereas the outside leg provided and controlled the motion in the horizontal plane (rotation strategy). These results extend the principal understanding of the effects of curve sprinting on lower extremity kinematics. This helps to increase the understanding of nonlinear human bipedal locomotion, which in turn might lead to improvements in athletic performance and injury prevention. 相似文献
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Paul Sandamas Elena M. Gutierrez-Farewik Anton Arndt 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(19):2200-2207
ABSTRACT The aims of this study were (a) to describe the kinematics underlying the phenomenon of the knee of the swing leg passing medially in front of the athlete during the single push (SP) phase of the block sprint start, and (b) to determine the relationships between block phase pelvis range of motion (RoM), 1st step width and block phase performance. Three-dimensional kinematic data (250 Hz) were collected from eleven competitive sprinters (100 m PB: 11.17 ± 0.41) performing maximal effort block starts. The joint angles of the rear hip with respect to the pelvis and the pelvis segment angles with respect to the laboratory coordinate system were calculated during the block start phase to the end of the 1st stance. A combination of pelvis list and rotation (not hip adduction) was coupled with the thigh of the swing leg moving medially during the SP phase. A very high positive correlation was found between pelvic list RoM and 1st step width (r = 0.799, p = 0.003). No other significant correlations were found. Attempting to reduce pelvic RoM or changing frontal and transverse plane hip joint angles to minimise medial thigh motion is unlikely to lead to an improvement to performance. 相似文献
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Stefan Josef Lindinger Caroline Göpfert Thomas Stöggl Erich Müller Hans-Christer Holmberg 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(4):318-333
Diagonal skiing as a major classical technique has hardly been investigated over the last two decades, although technique and racing velocities have developed substantially. The aims of the present study were to 1) analyse pole and leg kinetics and kinematics during submaximal uphill diagonal roller skiing and 2) identify biomechanical factors related to performance. Twelve elite skiers performed a time to exhaustion (performance) test on a treadmill. Joint kinematics and pole/plantar forces were recorded separately during diagonal roller skiing (9°; 11 km/h). Performance was correlated to cycle length (r = 0.77; P < 0.05), relative leg swing (r = 0.71), and gliding time (r = 0.74), hip flexion range of motion (ROM) during swing (r = 0.73) and knee extension ROM during gliding (r = 0.71). Push-off demonstrated performance correlations for impulse of leg force (r = 0.84), relative duration (r = ? 0.76) and knee flexion (r = 0.73) and extension ROM (r = 0.74). Relative time to peak pole force was associated with performance (r = 0.73). In summary, diagonal roller skiing performance was linked to 1) longer cycle length, 2) greater impulse of force during a shorter push-off with larger flexion/extension ROMs in leg joints, 3) longer leg swing, and 4) later peak pole force, demonstrating the major key characteristics to be emphasised in training. 相似文献
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文章通过对单个散打击打动作过程的动量变化分析可以得知,整个过程中运动员的力量分三个运用阶段,正确理解每一阶段的动量及冲量变化有利于动作质量和应用实效的提高 相似文献
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用终身体育和健康第一的理念构建21世纪高校体育课程体系模式的思考 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
目前,高校对体育课程体系模式都在进行不断的探索和改革,但始终没有走出原有的模式,没有从根本上解决学生需求和大学体育课教学内容的矛盾.分析了现有高校体育课程体系模式所存在的弊端以及构建体育课程体系应遵循的原则基础上,论述了高校体育课程体系模式. 相似文献