共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 284 毫秒
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样例是知识获取的主要途径。根据样例学习的相似性理论,在样例学习过程中,至少要呈现两个或多个样例,而解释性理论认为只要样例合理,可以向学生呈现一个样例。Anderson等人在ACT-R理论的基础上,提出了四阶段重叠模型,Sweller从认知资源的角度提出了认知负荷理论。四种样例学习理论从不同角度指导着样例学习实证研究与教学实践。 相似文献
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近年来,错误样例成为国内外样例学习研究中备受关注的一个新方向.文章介绍了错误样例的概念,理论基础,以及在国内外数学领域中已有的研究成果,同时,提出错误样例对我国当前数学教学的启示. 相似文献
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张华 《辽宁教育行政学院学报》2012,29(6)
错误样例学习是一种新的学习方式,是问题解决过程中包含一个或多个错误,要求学生发现、解释和改正的例题学习。国外近几年错误样例的研究和应用发展迅速,可分为兴起、发展和扩展三个阶段。常用的错误样例设计有四种类型。错误样例学习对我国教育科研、教师教学、学生学习和练习等方面都有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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数学样例学习是学生在数学学习过程中认知技能获取的重要手段,数学样例它提供了专家解答问题的方法,可供学习者模仿和学习;数学样例中蕴涵的数学思想方法易化了学生数学学习的过程:数学样例为数学学习提供的原理线索,有效地促进了学生数学学习迁移的发生;基于数学样例的数学学习,有效地减轻了学习者的认知负荷,提高了数学学习的效率. 相似文献
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数学一直以来都是许多学生心中的“痛”,究其原因,很大程度上与学习策略使用不当有关。本文基于前人的研究,从样例学习的角度,总结归纳理论基础,提出新的数学学习策略,为样例学习在中学生数学学习策略方面的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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国外有关样例学习的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
样例学习又叫从例中学,是学习者通过研习样例而习得专家的问题解决方法的一种学习方式。对这一学习方式的研究肇始于20世纪中期认知心理学家对概念形成的研究。从例中学与从做中学相比,前者所需的时间少,有较好的迁移效果,能减轻学生的认知负荷。对样例的设计要注意减轻学生的工作记忆负担,促进知识的整合和迁移。学生对样例的自我解释在样例学习中起着关键作用。 相似文献
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样例学习是指学习者通过研习样例而习得专家的问题解决方法的一种学习方式。在课堂中实施样例学习,需要着重关注两个方面的问题。一是样例的设计;二是如何对学生的学习过程进行指导。这两方面问题的解决直接影响着学生的学习结果。 相似文献
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样例学习是指学习者通过研习样例而习得专家的问题解决方法的一种学习方式.在课堂中实施样例学习.需要着重关注两个方面的问题.一是样例的设计;二是如何对学生的学习过程进行指导.这两方面问题的解决直接影响着学生的学习结果. 相似文献
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任金杰 《通化师范学院学报》2009,30(6):98-99,109
学习迁移是教育心理学主要的研究领域之一,而样例研究是学习迁移研究中的重要课题。该文首先介绍了学习迁移的内涵、分类、理论及研究历史,然后介绍了样例学习的内涵及样例研究的历史,最后阐述了当代样例研究的主要内容。 相似文献
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文章回顾了样例学习研究的起源与发展,主要介绍了其理论依据——认知负荷理论,并分别围绕外在认知负荷、内在认知负荷以及相关认知负荷介绍了最新国内外样例学习的设计方法:材料的整合、子目标、不完整样例、错误样例、诱发自我解释问题、多种解题方法比较等,最后在现有研究成果上指出样例学习研究的发展趋势和有待进一步解决的问题。 相似文献
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陈满琪 《福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2004,(3):145-148
样例学习是当前研究学习迁移的热点之一。文章主要介绍了现有样例学习研究的主要方面 ,包括样例学习加工机制的研究、样例设计的研究和影响样例学习迁移效果因素的研究。此外 ,文章还对样例学习研究的意义 ,以及现有研究对学习产生的影响做了简单的评论 ,并指出了样例学习研究有待进一步解决的问题。 相似文献
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Lio Moscardini 《British Journal of Special Education》2010,37(3):130-138
This study by Lio Moscardini of the University of Strathclyde shows how a group of 24 children in three Scottish primary schools for pupils with moderate learning difficulties responded to word problems following their teachers' introduction to the principles of Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI). CGI is a professional development programme in mathematics instruction based on constructivist principles developed at the University of Wisconsin‐Madison. The study found that the sample group of pupils were able to develop their understanding of mathematical concepts through actively engaging in word problems without prior explicit instruction and with minimal teacher adjustments. The pupils' conceptual understandings demonstrated by their solution strategies within CGI activities were generally not consistent with classroom records of assessment. The results were encouraging in illustrating the capacity of the sample group of pupils with moderate learning difficulties to reveal their mathematical thinking and considers the importance of this insight for instructional decision making. 相似文献
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在样例学习过程中,学习者对样例的知识内容进行自我解释,会导致样例学习成绩提高,这就是自我解释效应。Chi等人最初对自我解释效应所进行的研究发现,自我解释效应的影响因素包括先行知识、一般能力和个体差异。对自我解释效应的三种理论解释是:间隙—填充(gap—filling)、图式—结构(schema formation)和相似增强(analogical enhancement)。未来对自我解释效应研究的关注点是:自我解释效应的机制、人为设定自我解释提示能否改进学习效果,以及建构性活动与样例学习效果之间的关系。 相似文献
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This study compared the effects of worked example and problem‐solving approaches in individual or group work settings on learning to solve geometry problems. One hundred and one seventh graders from Indonesia were randomly allocated to four experimental groups using a 2 (problem‐solving vs. worked examples) × 2 (individual vs. group study) design. Performance measures on numeric and reasoning abilities using both similar and transfer tasks were collected. The results indicated a significant superiority of the worked example approach in both the individual and group work settings. Supporting data revealed that students could understand the material more easily using worked examples than when solving problems. The experiment provided evidence that the advantage of using worked examples over solving problems extends to a group work context. 相似文献
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Vincent Hoogerheide Sofie M.M. Loyens Fedora Jadi Anna Vrins Tamara van Gog 《教育心理学》2017,37(2):112-127
Example-based learning is a very effective and efficient instructional strategy for novices. It can be implemented using text-based worked examples that provide a written demonstration of how to perform a task, or (video) modelling examples in which an instructor (the ‘model’) provides a demonstration. The model-observer similarity (MOS) hypothesis predicts that the effectiveness of modelling examples partly depends on the degree to which learners perceive the models to be similar to them. It is an open question, however, whether perceived similarity with the person who created the example, would also affect learning from text-based worked examples. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to investigate whether MOS would also play a role in learning from worked examples. In Experiment 1 (N = 147), students were led to believe via pictures and a short story that the worked examples were created by a male or female peer student. Males showed higher performance and confidence, but no effects of MOS on learning were found. In Experiment 2 (N = 130), students were led to believe that a peer student or a teacher created the examples. Again, no effects of MOS were found. These findings suggest that the perceived origin of text-based worked examples is not important for learning. 相似文献
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Monitoring accuracy, measured by judgements of learning (JOLs), has generally been found to be low to moderate, with students often displaying overconfidence, and JOLs of problem solving are no exception. Recently, primary school children’s overconfidence was shown to diminish when they practised problem solving after studying worked examples. The current study aimed to extend this research by investigating whether practising problem solving after worked example study would also improve JOL accuracy in secondary education. Adolescents of 14–15 years old (N = 143) were randomly assigned to one of five conditions that differed in timing of JOLs, whether practice problems were provided, and timing of the practice problems provided: (1) worked examples – JOL, (2) worked examples – delay – JOL, (3) worked examples – practice problems – JOL, (4) worked examples – practice problems – delay – JOL or (5) worked examples – delay – practice problems – JOLs. Results showed that practice problems improved absolute accuracy of JOLs as well as regulation accuracy. No differences in final test performance were found. 相似文献
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基于对学习本质的现代意义的理解和数学学习基本特点的把握,从多视角认识数学学习的本质特征：数学学习是数学模型建构的过程,是不断提出问题与解决问题的过程,是发展数学能力的过程,是再创造的过程。 相似文献