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1.
肠道病毒71型（ EV71）是疱疹性咽峡炎和手足口病最重要的诱因之一,并能引发严重的中枢神经系统并发症,伴随着肺水肿的脑干脑炎可致死。细胞因子作为先天免疫的一部分,有利于抗病毒和Th1免疫反应的进行。细胞因子和炎症趋化因子在EV71脑干脑炎发病中起重要作用。在EV71肺水肿发病过程中,中枢神经系统和全身炎症应答对感染扮演重要但明显不同的角色。静脉滴注免疫球蛋白和磷酸二酯酶抑制剂,对EV71自主神经系统失调和肺水肿患者可以起到调节炎症、降低交感神经过度兴奋和提高存活率的作用。 相似文献
2.
Mukta Deobagkar-Lele Chetana Bhaskarla Rajkumar Dhanaraju Manikandan Ponnusamy Dipankar Nandi 《Resonance》2012,17(10):974-995
The 2011 Nobel Prize inMedicine or Physiology was awarded to Jules Hoffmann, Bruce Beutler and Ralph Steinman for their contributions in the area of Innate Immunity. This review introduces the readers to innate immunity and links the studies of the awardees to this area of research. The cells and mechanisms involved in the innate immune response are reviewed with a special emphasis on the discovery of the Toll receptors in Drosophila and the Toll-like receptors in mammals. The importance of the innate response during inflammatory conditions is discussed and examples of genes related to innate immunity that cause disease are also highlighted. Finally, the roles of innate immunity in modulating adaptive immune response, especially with respect to dendritic cells, are discussed. Further studies in this area are likely to enhance our understanding of the immune response and may lead to drugs to ameliorate excessive inflammatory responses. 相似文献
3.
Asma Ahmed Banishree Saha Anand Patwardhan Shwetha Shivaprasad Dipankar Nandi 《Resonance》2009,14(6):610-621
Our immune system, by and large, does a fine job in protecting us from opportunistic and infectious microbes, potential carcinogens and allergens. It is therefore crucial to understand the organization of the immune network. This article focuses on some important features and key players involved in adaptive immune response. The first part of the article dealt with the humoral immune response mediated mainly by immunoglobulins produced by the B cells. The second part deals with T cells, the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-encoded molecules, and Recombination Activating Genes (RAG) responsible for generating diverse B-cell receptors (BCR) and T-cell receptors (TCR). With the advent of newer and smarter infectious agents, it is important to understand the working of the immune network as more research in this area may facilitate the development of better protective strategies. 相似文献
4.
Asthma is a chronic disease of airway inflammation due to excessive T helper cell type 2 (Th2) response. Present treatment based on inhalation of synthetic glucocorticoids can only control Th2-driven chronic eosinophilic inflammation, but cannot change the immune tolerance of the body to external allergens. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main negative regulatory cells of the immune response. Tregs play a great role in regulating allergic, autoimmune, graft-versus-host responses, and other immune responses. In this review, we will discuss the classification and biological characteristics, the established immunomodulatory mechanisms, and the characteristics of induced differentiation of Tregs. We will also discuss the progress of Tregs in the field of asthma. We believe that further studies on the regulatory mechanisms of Tregs will provide better treatments and control strategies for asthma. 相似文献
5.
Study on the action mechanism of inflammatory mediators generated by the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in multiple organ injury is a hotspot in the surgical field. In clinical practice, the main complicated organ dysfunctions are shock, respiratory failure, renal failure, encephalopathy, with the rate of hepatic diseases being closely next to them. The hepatic injury caused by SAP cannot only aggravate the state of pancreatitis, but also develop into hepatic failure and cause patient death. Its complicated pathogenic mechanism is an obstacle in clinical treatment. Among many pathogenic factors, the changes ofvasoactive substances, participation of inflammatory mediators as well as OFR (oxygen free radical), endotoxin, etc. may play important roles in its progression. 相似文献
6.
Study progress on mechanism of severe acute pancreatitis complicated with hepatic injury 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Study on the action mechanism of inflammatory mediators generated by the severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) in mul-tiple organ injury is a hotspot in the surgical field.In clinical practice,the main complicated organ dysfunctions are shock,res-piratory failure,renal failure,encephalopathy,with the rate of hepatic diseases being closely next to them.The hepatic injury caused by SAP cannot only aggravate the state of pancreatitis,but also develop into hepatic failure and cause patient death.Its complicated pathogenic mechanism is an obstacle in clinical treatment.Among many pathogenic factors,the changes of vasoac-tive substances,participation of inflammatory mediators as well as OFR(oxygen free radical),endotoxin,etc.may play important roles in its progression. 相似文献
7.
李扬帆 《山东商业职业技术学院学报》2021,(2):74-77
互联网时代的发展使人们对音乐作品的需求从实体唱片逐渐转移到数字音乐领域,从无人管理的免费点播下载阶段进入现今的数字音乐独家许可模式。这种模式在现阶段具有其优势,但仍存在着许多弊端,其强制性损害了其他主体的利益,许可费用过高,缺乏统一、规范的标准及监管。在现阶段需规制现存的数字音乐独家许可模式,缩短专有许可的期限、避免过高的许可费用、制定统一的格式文本,之后再过渡到著作权集体组织进行统一集中管理。 相似文献
8.
《Child abuse & neglect》2014,38(10):1590-1598
Abuse and neglect in childhood are well-established risk factors for later psychopathology. Past research has suggested that childhood emotional abuse may be particularly harmful to psychological development. The current cross-sectional study employed multiple regression techniques to assess the effects of childhood trauma on adulthood depression and emotion dysregulation in a large sample of mostly low-income African Americans recruited in an urban hospital. Bootstrap analyses were used to test emotion dysregulation as a potential mediator between emotional abuse in childhood and current depression. Childhood emotional abuse significantly predicted depressive symptoms even when accounting for all other childhood trauma types, and we found support for a complementary mediation of this relationship by emotion dysregulation. Our findings highlight the importance of emotion dysregulation and childhood emotional abuse in relation to adult depression. Moving forward, clinicians should consider the particular importance of emotional abuse in the development of depression, and future research should seek to identify mechanisms through which emotional abuse increases risk for depression and emotion dysregulation. 相似文献
9.
Elaine Arnold 《Child abuse & neglect》1982,6(2):141-145
The West Indian child is usually loved by its parents or caretakers, but is frequently subjected to corporal punishment unsuitable to the age and stage of its development and excessive in relation to the alleged offence. The debate on whether the persistent use of what is considered excessive punishment as the means of instilling obedience in children, centres around the parents' African heritage or learned behaviour from the institution of slavery. Socially and economically disadvantaged parents under stress seem to displace their frustrations and anxieties on the children through corporal punishment which often assumes ritualised characteristics. The community in general and the parents in particular need help through appropriate education, to change their attitudes of accepting excessive corporal punishment as the means of imposing discipline upon children. 相似文献
10.
Li-qiang Su Jia-guo Li Hua Xue Xiao-feng Wang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2017,18(8):696-706
Coating seeds with water absorbent materials can improve their survival, especially for those planted in drought or barren areas. In this study, effects of five kinds of super absorbent polymers (SAPs) on seed germination and seedling growth of Caragana korshinskii under drought conditions were investigated. Our results showed that SAP coatings could significantly improve the percentage and energy of seed germination, as well as reduce the relative electrical conductivity (REC), proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 content, and peroxidase (POD) activity during germination. These results implied that seeds could uptake moisture from SAP coatings to alleviate drought-induced oxidative stress and membrane damage, thus exhibiting a better vigor and germination performance. After coating C. korshinskii seeds with SAPs, more seedlings emerged and grew better. Under the combined influence of the water absorption capacity of SAP and other factors, the efficiencies of five SAP coatings are in the sequence D>E>B>A>C. The function of the SAP coating on promoting seedling survival was confirmed in Mu Us Sandy Land in Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The average seedling number of SAP D-coated seeds increased twofold on that of naked seeds. Our results are expected to be helpful in understanding and utilizing SAP seed coatings in improving plant survival under drought conditions. 相似文献
11.
Asma Ahmed Banishree Saha Anand Patwardhan Shwetha Shivprasad Dipankar Nandi 《Resonance》2009,14(5):455-471
How do we remain healthy, for the most parts, in the midst of an environment teeming with opportunistic and infectious microbes, potential carcinogens and allergens? The fact is that our immune system, by and large, does a fine job in protecting us. It is therefore important to understand the organization of the immune network, which is broadly categorized into two groups: innate and adaptive. Cells involved in innate immunity are the first to come into contact with invading microbes, similar to the border security force, and respond rapidly but in a non-specific manner. On the other hand, the cells involved in adaptive immunity are slower to respond but act in a very specific manner. Though the primary response is slow, the secondary response is much faster and demonstrates memory. This article will focus on some important features and key players involved in the adaptive immune response. The first part deals with the humoral immune response mediated mainly by immunoglobulins produced by the B cells. The second part deals with T cells, the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-encoded molecules, and Recombination Activating Genes (RAG) responsible for generating diverse B-cell receptors (BCR) and T-cell receptors (TCR). With the advent of newer and smarter infectious agents, it is important to understand the working of the immune network as more research in this area may facilitate the development of better protective strategies. 相似文献
12.
Super absorbent polymers (SAPs) are gradually being applied in concrete production as internal curing agents.SAP can effectively reduce early age autogenous shrinkage of concrete,alleviate the hazards caused by concrete cracking and improve its freeze–thaw resistance.However,the relationships between SAP dosage,SAP particle size and the water–cement ratio of concrete have certain influences on the evolution of the compressive strength of SAP-incorporated concrete.In this study,experiments were conducted to investigate the relationships between the water–cement ratio of concrete,the SAP dosage and SAP particle size.The significant factors influencing concrete strength are determined and equations are proposed for predicting the strength of SAP-incorporated concrete at 3,7 and 28 days.The findings from this study,such as the SAP dosage should not be larger than 0.2%,are expected to form a theoretical basis for the rational use of SAP as an additive to concrete. 相似文献
13.
负担和竞争是义务教育的正常现象,而负担过重和过度竞争才是要解决的真问题。其根本原因,一方面在于教育具有产品标准化、信息不对称等易引发过度竞争的一般特征,另一方面在于教育具有公共资源的属性。由国家承担主要的教育成本且资源分布不均,促使个体通过牺牲式教育抢占更多公共教育资源以实现个人利益最大化,却导致国家集体利益的损失。其直接原因在于,代理人缺乏对儿童健康成长的认识,把额外争取到的公共教育资源视为牺牲式教育的补偿,而且为防止孩子年龄增长导致的控制能力减弱,代理人更加倾向于在儿童学业初期就施加过重的负担以“打好基础”。“双减”政策与《家庭教育促进法》可以全空间约束过度教育竞争,但也随之产生了约束有效性和约束成本的问题,需要进一步提高学校教育的质量,防止“双减”政策产生限制竞争却抑制发展的效果。 相似文献
14.
Ann‐Marie Bathmaker 《European Journal of Education》2021,56(1):78-92
In high participation systems of higher education, the link between undergraduate study and progression to graduate employment is increasingly tenuous. One response is a growing emphasis on the development of employability skills and preparing students to take advantage of future opportunities as part of university study. This paper uses a Bourdieusian‐based conceptualisation of graduate capitals, combined with a concern for the psycho‐social dimensions of classed experience, to consider transitions through university and into employment for students from working‐class backgrounds in England, drawing on data from a study of students who attended the two universities in Bristol UK. It is argued that the assemblage of capitals that make up graduate capital could be seen as constituting a form of symbolic capital with magical powers, that hides the power relations involved in successful progression to graduate futures. While the move from university into work is more prolonged and precarious for students from all backgrounds, access to the resources that enable the development and mobilisation of graduate capitals, along with psycho‐social dimensions of class, create additional challenges for the development of viable graduate career identities for working‐class students such as those discussed in this paper. The paper concludes by noting implications for policy and practice. 相似文献
15.
顾宇峰 《实验室研究与探索》2008,27(11)
近几年,供应链管理越来越为企业所重视,在企业的生存发展中起着越来越突出的作用。而现在通行的供应链管理系统大都是建立在一套先进的信息系统上,例如SAP系统。该系统起源于发达国家,应用于发达国家的企业,给企业带来了显著的效应。 相似文献
16.
肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)是肿瘤微环境中比例最高的免疫细胞,对肿瘤的发生和发展起着重要的作用。在肿瘤的进展过程中,microRNA可以通过转录后调控的方式作用于多种靶点与信号通路来影响TAM的表型。本文主要讨论了microRNA对巨噬细胞分化、功能性极化和细胞间信息交流的调控作用。首先,microRNA参与了从髓样细胞向成熟巨噬细胞的分化过程,这一过程直接影响了肿瘤微环境中肿瘤细胞对巨噬细胞的招募。其次,microRNA参与了TAM的功能极化,使之表现为促癌或抑癌表型,影响了肿瘤的生长和转移。第三,肿瘤细胞与巨噬细胞间的相互作用对肿瘤微环境的形成和肿瘤的进展而言是必要的,microRNA可以通过胞外颗粒的形式作为交流的媒介。此外,本文还讨论了巨噬细胞相关microRNA作为肿瘤诊断和预后标志物的潜在价值,以及基于巨噬细胞相关microRNA的肿瘤治疗新策略的应用前景。 相似文献
17.
喻靖文 《孝感职业技术学院学报》2008,11(2):14-16
经过十几年的发展，高职法律教育出现了规模过大、人才培养质量下降、学生就业困难等问题。文章分析了上述问题产生的原因，论述了当前我国发展高职法律教育的必要性，提出了发展高职法律教育的对策措施。 相似文献
18.
Jian-hua SHAO Qiang GU Yong-kang SHEN 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2008,9(3):322-329
This paper presents some methods that the standard acceleration design response spectra derived from the present China code for seismic design of buildings are transformed into the seismic demand spectra, and that the base shear force-roof displacement curve of structure is converted to the capacity spectrum of an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom （SDOF） system. The capacity spectrum method （CSM） is programmed by means of MATLABT.0 computer language. A dual lateral force resisting system of 10-story steel frame-steel plate shear walls （SPSW） is designed according to the corresponding China design codes. The base shear force-roof displacement curve of structure subjected to the monotonic increasing lateral inverse triangular load is obtained by applying the equivalent strip model to stimulate SPSW and by using the finite element analysis software SAP2000 to make Pushover analysis. The seismic performance of this dual system subjected to three different conditions, i.e. the 8-intensity frequently occurred earthquake, fortification earthquake and seldom occurred earthquake, is evaluated by CSM program. The excessive safety of steel frame-SPSW system designed according to the present China design codes is pointed out and a new design method is suggested. 相似文献
19.
上海居民教育消费增长因素与效应的实证分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
杭爱明 《上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2003,32(3):14-19
上海居民教育消费自20世纪90年代以来快速增长,目前已达到相当高的水平。其影响因素除经济发展和居民收入水平提高以外,还有高校扩招、民办学校的发展、教育收费制度的改革以及居民教育消费的价值取向等等。教育消费的迅速增长在宏观上具有显著的积极意义,但也会对居民的其他消费产生挤出效应,而且过度教育消费可能导致结构性过度教育、影响教育机会公平等社会问题,应该注重教育消费资源的管理,规范教育市场,引导居民进行理性教育消费,使教育消费尽快进入可持续发展的良性循环。 相似文献
20.
BackgroundSince the outbreak of the conflict in Syria, many people, including children and adolescents, have fled their homes into neighboring countries. Little research exists on the psychosocial adjustment of refugee children and adolescents resettled in Lebanon and Jordan.ObjectiveThis study investigated the prevalence and predictors of PTSD and emotion dysregulation in Syrian refugee children and adolescents who resettled in Lebanon and Jordan. It was hypothesized that a combination of pre-trauma variables (age and gender), trauma-specific variables (traumatic events and time spent in host country, and host country), and post-trauma variables (coping strategies, family relationships, and school environment) would be associated with PTSD and emotion dysregulation.Participants and SettingParticipants were 1000 Syrian refugee children and adolescents aged 7–18 years attending formal and non-formal schools representing various governorates in Lebanon and Jordan.MethodsThe trauma exposure scale, DSM-IV criteria for the assessment of PTSD, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form, Kidcope, Family relationship scales, and school environment scale were administered in an interview format with children and adolescents at school by two trained psychologists. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to predict PTSD whereas hierarchical multiple regression was used to predict emotion dysregulation.ResultsResults indicated that 45.6% of the refugees have developed PTSD with excessive risk for comorbidity with emotion dysregulation. Emotion dysregulation was reported by older refugee children and adolescents. The prevalence of PTSD was higher in refugee children and adolescents who had resettled in Lebanon than for those who had resettled in Jordan. Refugee children and adolescents who were exposed to higher levels of war atrocities evidenced the greatest prevalence of PTSD and emotion dysregulation. PTSD symptomatology and emotion dysregulation in children and adolescents varied according to coping styles, family relationships, and school environment. Both decreased significantly with the passage of time spent in host country.ConclusionsThe results may be used to formulate cognitive–behavioral coping interventions that can lead to optimal developmental outcomes in the posttrauma environment. 相似文献