首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
近年来,蔬菜的农药残留问题日益成为食品安全中备受关注的焦点.尽管国内外学者对此已有一定研究.但针对蔬菜出口产地的农药使用行为及其对农民健康影响方面的实证研究却相当缺乏.本文根据在山东省取得的调研数据,深入研究了蔬菜出口产地的农药使用行为及其对农民健康的危害.结果表明,农民在使用农药的过程中存在着未能严格按照标签对农药进行稀释等一系列不规范的使用行为;而且不规范地使用农药和缺乏相应的保护措施对农民的整体健康造成了不可忽视的负面影响,其中是否采取保护措施对农民的皮肤健康有着显著的影响;喷洒次数对农民的呼吸系统具有显著的负面影响.在此基础上,本文提出了加大力度宣传正确使用农药的方法以及强化对农药使用的监控措施等相关政策建议.  相似文献   

2.
In this study blood samples are taken from two groups of people, one that has direct exposure to pesticides (agriculturists & public health workers) the second group, which has indirect exposure to pesticides through food chain. The objective of our investigation is to analyze the blood of the patients with minimum health complaints and skin diseases for the residue of the banned organochlorine pesticides DDE and BHC using Gas Chromatography. High concentrations of both BHC&DDE were observed in the serum samples of the people who had direct exposure to the pesticides, namely agriculturalists and public health workers with few exceptions. The pesticide residue concentration in serum ranges from 0.006 to 0.130 ppm for BHC and 0.002 to 0.033 ppm for DDE. Significance of this study reveals that the presence of these banned pesticides in human serum.  相似文献   

3.
采用食品安全指数和风险系数模型,初步建立了农药残留膳食暴露风险和预警风险评估体系。开发"风险值自动计算—信息多维采集与分析"定制软件,基于2012—2015年我国市售果蔬农残检测大数据,从农药种类、限量标准、果蔬种类、地域等多个维度,分别对果蔬中残留农药之于人体的膳食暴露风险、预警风险进行了评估和解析。结果显示,气相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(GC-Q-TOF/MS)和液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(LC-Q-TOF/MS)技术侦测的9 823例和12 551例市售果蔬,绝大多数膳食风险为可接受,但仍有0.56%和0.54%为风险不可接受。禁用农药膳食暴露风险不可接受比例是非禁用农药的20倍(GC-Q-TOF/MS组)和55倍(LC-Q-TOF/MS组);禁用农药高度预警风险比例是非禁用农药的17倍(GC-Q-TOF/MS组)和23倍(LC-Q-TOF/MS组),可见农药残留风险亟需控制,尤其应严格监管"禁药禁用"。文章据以上评估给出了高风险排名前10的农药和果蔬。另外,还发现欧盟的农药最大残留限量标准(MRLs)明显严于我国,我国相关标准建立亟待加快。研究结果可作为果蔬等食品风险水平实时诊断和风险农药精准监管的重要依据,以减少食源性农药残留风险,保障食品安全。  相似文献   

4.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease shares many features of metabolic syndrome and its presence could signify a substantial cardiovascular risk above and beyond that conferred by individual risk factors. This study is an attempt to investigate the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with carotid intima-media thickness and plaque as surrogate measures of increased cardiovascular risk. The study was conducted on 645 non diabetic, non alcoholic subjects in the age range of 20–60 years. Metabolic syndrome was assessed by using ATP III and ADA (2005) criteria. Anthropometric factors—waist circumference and blood pressure were measured. Fasting serum samples were analyzed for glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and its fractions, insulin, alanine and aspartate transaminases, gamma glutamyl transferase and free fatty acids. Insulin resistance and secretion were calculated by homeostasis model and insulin sensitivity by QUICKI index. Liver ultrasonographic scanning was used for assessing fatty liver. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed by B-mode ultrasonography of common carotid artery and internal carotid artery. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was 15.6 % in non alcoholic population and 68.5 % of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease had metabolic syndrome, which was associated with hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, insulin insensitivity along with elevated levels of waist circumference, blood pressure, triglyceride, FFA and decreased HDL cholesterol. NAFLD patients had markedly greater carotid intima media thickness than non NAFLD subjects with MCIMT of 591.6 ± 108 and 489.5 ± 132.4 μm (P < 0.001) and plaque prevalence of 19.2 and 2.2 %, respectively, thus the carotid intima media thickness is associated with NAFLD.  相似文献   

5.
Lead exposure is increasingly becoming an important risk factor for osteoporosis. In adults, approximately 80–90 % of absorbed lead is stored in the bones. These bone lead deposits are released into the blood during periods of enhanced bone resorption like menopause, forming a potential endogenous source of lead exposure. Postmenopausal women are at a higher risk for bone lead release because of hormonal and age related changes in bone metabolism. Estrogen deficiency is associated with increase in osteoclasts number and activity leading to both the early and late form of osteoporosis. Hence, high blood lead level coupled with concomitant environmental exposure exposes women in this age group to lead related adverse outcomes like hypertension, reduced kidney and neurocognitive functions as well as increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality. A few studies have also identified coexisting variates like ethnicity, occupation, residence, education, smoking, alcohol medications, water etc. as significant determinants of bone and blood lead in women, thus increasing the magnitude of postmenopausal bone changes. Hence, interventions focused on reducing the intensity of bone resorption during menopause will help decrease exposure to endogenous lead. This would play a significant role in decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with menopause. Also, identification of modifiable factors that prevent bone lead release will reduce the risk of chronic lead exposure and improve the health outcomes of post-menopausal women.  相似文献   

6.
Alcohol induced effects on kidney   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
After administration ethanol and its metabolites go through kidneys and are excreted into urine, and its content in the urine is higher than that of the blood and the liver. Chronic ethanol administration decreases the renal tubular reabsorption and reduces renal function. Multiple functional abnormalities of renal tubules may be associated with ethanol-induced changes in membrane composition and lipid peroxidation. The vulnerability of the kidney to oxidative damage has been partly attributed to its high content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Renal ultra structural abnormalities due to ethanol exposure may be important in the genesis of functional disturbances. Increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction with their complex interrelationships are relevant aspects of atherogenesis in chronic renal failure. Antioxidants, particularly polyphenols are expected to decrease the vulnerability of the kidney to oxidative challenges.  相似文献   

7.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a scientific and social crisis. One of the main unmet needs for coronavirus disease 2019 is its unpredictable clinical course, which can rapidly change in an irreversible outcome. COVID-19 patients can be classified into mild, moderate, and severe. Several haematological parameters, such as platelets, white blood cell total count, lymphocytes, neutrophils, (together with neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratio), and haemoglobin were described to be associated with COVID-19 infection and severity. The purpose of these review is to describe the current state of the art about complete blood count alterations during COVID-19 infection, and to summarize the crucial role of some haematological parameters during the course of the disease. Decreased platelet, lymphocyte, haemoglobin, eosinophil, and basophil count, increased neutrophil count and neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratio have been associated with COVID-19 infection and a worse clinical outcome. Our study adds some novelty about the identification of effective biomarkers of progressive disease, and might be helpful for diagnosis, prevention of complications, and effective therapy.  相似文献   

8.
Metabolic syndrome contributes to pathogenesis of Type-2 diabetes and CAD. Insulin Resistance is the key factor of metabolic syndrome implicated in development of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). In present study we have investigated the prevalence of NAFLD in metabolic syndrome and contribution of metabolic risk factors in causation of NAFLD in non-diabetic North Indian male population. The study was conducted on 495 non-diabetic, nonalcoholic subjects (age 30–65 years). Metabolic Syndrome was assessed by using ATP III and ADA (2005) criteria. Anthropometric factors-Waist circumference and blood pressure were measured. Fasting serum samples were analyzed for Glucose, Triglycerides, Cholesterol and its fractions, Insulin, Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, Gamma glutamyl transferase and free fatty acids. Insulin resistance was estimated by Homeostasis Model and Insulin sensitivity by QUICKI Index. Liver ultrasonographic scanning was used for assessing fatty liver. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and NAFLD was 24% and 14.8% respectively in non-alcoholic population and 27% of metabolic syndrome had NAFLD which was associated with hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, insulin insensitivity along with elevated levels of waist circumference, blood pressure, triglyceride, FFA and decreased HDL-Cholesterol. The prevalence of NAFLD increased with insulin resistance and clustering of metabolic risk factors.  相似文献   

9.
The internet of things is increasingly spreading into the domain of medical and social care. Internet-enabled devices for monitoring and managing the health and well-being of users outside of traditional medical institutions have rapidly become common tools to support healthcare. Health-related internet of things (H-IoT) technologies increasingly play a key role in health management, for purposes including disease prevention, real-time tele-monitoring of patient’s functions, testing of treatments, fitness and well-being monitoring, medication dispensation, and health research data collection. H-IoT promises many benefits for health and healthcare. However, it also raises a host of ethical problems stemming from the inherent risks of Internet enabled devices, the sensitivity of health-related data, and their impact on the delivery of healthcare. This paper maps the main ethical problems that have been identified by the relevant literature and identifies key themes in the on-going debate on ethical problems concerning H-IoT.  相似文献   

10.
近30年,我国肉类加工业取得了快速发展,其产值达到1.3万亿元人民币,成为我国农产品加工和食品加工业的支柱产业,以及畜牧业供给侧改革的重要支撑点和突破点。随着经济社会的发展,肉类营养与人体健康得到越来越广泛的关注。文章在分析国内行业发展和国家战略的基础上,总结了发达国家的经验教训,剖析了我国2020—2035年肉类营养与人体健康研究的前沿科学技术问题,提出了我国肉类营养与人体健康领域的发展战略目标、战略思路、实施路径、战略内容、任务布局和保障措施。希望在国家战略层面上,围绕肉类营养与人体健康,加强生产、加工和消费环节的重大基础研究、重大技术攻关和重大产品开发,对于指导畜牧业,引领肉品加工业,推进健康食品产业可持续发展,保障国民健康等具有重要的战略意义。  相似文献   

11.
Novel influenza viruses are seen, internationally, as posing considerable health challenges, but public responses to such viruses are often rooted in cultural representations of disease and risk. However, little research has been conducted in locations associated with the origin of a pandemic. We examined representations and risk perceptions associated with swine flu amongst 120 Malaysian pig farmers. Thirty-seven per cent of respondents felt at particular risk of infection, two-thirds were somewhat or very concerned about being infected. Those respondents who were the most anxious believed particular societal "out-groups" (homosexuals, the homeless and prostitutes) to be at higher infection risk. Although few (4%) reported direct discrimination, 46% claimed friends had avoided them since the swine flu outbreak. Findings are discussed in the context of evolutionary, social representations and terror management theories of response to pandemic threat.  相似文献   

12.
Utilizing the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theory and the literature on citizen engagement, we formulated a multiple-mediation model examining (1) the TOE contextual factors affecting government’s willingness to implement electronic participation (e-participation) in form of e-information sharing, e-consultation, and e-decision-making in a country and its electronic government (e-government) maturity; and (2) the mediating role of government’s willingness to implement e-participation in a country on the relationships between its TOE contextual factors and e-government maturity. Specifically, we hypothesized that information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure (representing the Technology context), governance (representing the Organization context), and human capital (representing the Environment context) has both direct and indirect relationships with e-government maturity through the mediating roles of government’s willingness to implement e-participation. Based on archival data from 183 countries, results showed that while ICT infrastructure and human capital were positively associated with government’s willingness to implement e-participation and e-government maturity, governance was not significantly associated with them. Also, government’s willingness to implement e-participation had significant associations with its e-government maturity. Specifically, of three dimensions of e-participation, government’s willingness to implement e-information sharing and e-decision-making were positively associated with e-government maturity, and its willingness to implement e-consultation was negatively associated. Further, government’s willingness to implement e-information sharing, e-consultation, and e-decision-making partially mediated the influences of ICT infrastructure and human capital on e-government maturity. Results also indicated that the relationship of governance with e-government maturity was not mediated by government’s willingness to implement e-participation. Findings contribute to the theoretical discourse on e-government by highlighting the roles of the TOE contextual factors on government’s willingness to implement e-participation and e-government maturity, and provide indications for practice in managing e-government maturity by (1) enhancing government’s willingness to implement appropriate e-participation dimensions; and (2) leveraging the effects of the TOE contextual factors on government’s willingness to implement e-participation and e-government maturity.  相似文献   

13.
民生问题伴随着我国社会经济飞速发展而日益突出,作为解决民生问题重要手段的民生科技已经成为我国科技发展的重点。民生科技具有鲜明的需求导向特征,应增加与民生直接相关的科技储量和扩大科技应用范围,包括政府支持的面向公众需求的民生科技和企业支持的面向基本需求的民生科技。在政策制定方面,民生科技的发展需要政府进行积极引导和干预,让科技活动和创新成果造福于广大民众。  相似文献   

14.
镉(Cd)是一种剧毒重金属元素,可引起呼吸系统、肾损伤等多种疾病,对人体毒性极高,可通过多种途径暴露于人体,危害人体健康。土壤-植物-食品-人的迁移途径在人类对环境镉的暴露中占主导地位。近年来,Cd通过饮食途径对人体健康造成的风险日益引起人们的关注和重视。本文在对研究区不同土地利用类型下土壤和作物进行大规模采样调查的基础上,对其蔬菜、水稻、旱地、果园等4种土地类型土壤及其种植作物中镉含量积累进行了研究。结果表明,菜地和水稻地有明显的污染超标现象,其中菜地土壤镉含量最高。根据不同土地利用类型下各作物镉富集系数,进行聚类分析,比较其对镉富集能力的差异,结果表明水稻地稻米镉的富集能力最高,单独划为一类。利用定性风险分析技术,对不同土地利用类型下土壤镉对人体健康的风险商值进行了计算,结果表明不同土地类型下,作物镉风险商值为水稻>深色蔬菜>浅色蔬菜>水果>玉米。镉对个人致癌年风险的计算结果表明,水稻个人年致癌风险为0.6270×10-4/年,高于防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受年风险水平0.5×10-4/年,为不可接受水平,居民面临较大的致癌风险,应采取积极措施对研究区土壤镉污染进行治理和修复。  相似文献   

15.
技术风险的主观不确定性主要来源于相关主体不同的利益或价值追求。前沿生物技术较高的主观不确定性在其社会扩散过程中容易被级联放大,进而埋下风险隐患。对此,文章基于Oxitec公司转基因伊蚊技术环境释放试验的案例研究,探究了前沿生物技术主观不确定性风险产生的源头与过程。研究发现：（1）技术本身的不确定性是风险争议产生的起点,主要通过科学家之间的相互博弈产生;（2）技术研发机构是技术不确定性向社会扩散的过渡点,焦点机构与其他主体之间由于价值追求的冲突而产生相关争议;（3）制度环境决定着技术不确定性扩散的方向,不完善的制度设计与制度执行容易导致对各主体利益保护的失衡。文章拓展并丰富了技术风险管理的理论研究,对实践中前沿生物技术的风险防范也具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

16.
为进一步揭示影响农户农药施用行为的关键因素并深入分析研究层面分歧的原因,以国内外43篇已公开发表的期刊文献为基础数据库,运用Meta分析方法剖析中国范围内农户农药施用行为的关键因素是否完全同质,在允许异质性存在的条件下影响农户农药施用的关键因素及不同因素影响强度随时间的变化规律。结果表明：①农户农药施用行为的关键因素并非完全同质,年龄、家庭年收入、对农药知识的了解等存在显著异质性。②农户性别、教育程度、风险偏好、对农药知识的了解、种植年限、农业收入占比、是否参加过农药施用培训和是否有农药残留检测是影响农户施药行为的关键因素。③随时间推移,受教育程度、风险偏好、对农药知识的了解、是否参加农药施用培训和政府宣传支持对农户施药行为影响强度逐渐增加;性别和农业收入占比影响显著且趋势较为稳定;其余变量影响强度均不同程度的减弱。最后基于实证结果提出政策和学术两个层面的建议。  相似文献   

17.
A high circulating concentration of the non proteinogenic amino acid homocysteine has been implicated as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease and its prodromal stage, mild cognitive impairement. Furthermore, hyperhomocysteinaemia has been directly attributed to a deficiency in vitamins B12, folate, and B6. Several studies have demonstrated decrease in progression of mild cognitive impairement to Alzheimer’s Disease, and some have even shown an improvement in cognition after vitamin supplements with B12 and folate. Plausible mechanisms linking hyperhomocysteinaemia to Alzheimer’s and cognitive impairement have been hypothesized and demonstrated in hyperhomocysteinemic mice models. However, some studies have not elucidated any benefit of vitamin supplements in subjects with cognitive impairment. Hence, multicentric clinical studies need to be conducted to substantiate the mechanisms of neuronal degeneration due to hyperhomocysteinaemia and to demonstrate the beneficial effect of folate, B6 and B12 supplements on cognition.  相似文献   

18.
室内空气质量对人体健康的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
室内空气污染对健康的影响是人类百多年来不断研究和探索的目标之一。本文分析了室内空气污染对人体健康的主要危害、基本原因和主要评价指标，简要综述了近5年在室内空气污染与健康领域，国内外的主要研究方向和内容。对我国室内环境与健康研究的基本思路和存在问题进行了初步探讨，并提出今后国内应在准确评价人群室内空气污染的暴露量、人群健康效应暴露-反应关系的定量评价、室内环境对人体舒适度和工作效率的影响机理、室内污染健康效应综合评价的方法学等几个主要科学问题方面深入地进行研究探讨。  相似文献   

19.
Red blood cells (RBCs) possess a unique capacity for undergoing cellular deformation to navigate across various human microcirculation vessels, enabling them to pass through capillaries that are smaller than their diameter and to carry out their role as gas carriers between blood and tissues. Since there is growing evidence that red blood cell deformability is impaired in some pathological conditions, measurement of RBC deformability has been the focus of numerous studies over the past decades. Nevertheless, reports on healthy and pathological RBCs are currently limited and, in many cases, are not expressed in terms of well-defined cell membrane parameters such as elasticity and viscosity. Hence, it is often difficult to integrate these results into the basic understanding of RBC behaviour, as well as into clinical applications. The aim of this review is to summarize currently available reports on RBC deformability and to highlight its association with various human diseases such as hereditary disorders (e.g., spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, ovalocytosis, and stomatocytosis), metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity), adenosine triphosphate-induced membrane changes, oxidative stress, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Microfluidic techniques have been identified as the key to develop state-of-the-art dynamic experimental models for elucidating the significance of RBC membrane alterations in pathological conditions and the role that such alterations play in the microvasculature flow dynamics.  相似文献   

20.
Engineering nano-materials & their impact on human health or environmental security constitute a newly emerging R&D hot spot and a key problem now urgently waiting for its solution in supporting the sustainability of China’s nano-science and related technology development. At present, water bodies in Chinese cities have been seriously polluted by metallic nano-particles (MNPs) while related monitoring data are found woefully lacking throughout the country. Based on the above understanding, this article gives a round-up explanation on distributive characteristics of MNPs in the river mouths or water bodies of Chinese cities, their ecological hazards as well as our research in this regard, providing some inspiring ideas and data for control over this scourge. In addition, our exploration probes the discharge traits of MNPs themselves and the mechanism underlying its impact on water pollution.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号