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1.
External finance is a central issue for innovative nascent ventures. In this study, we argue that innovative nascent ventures may use patents to signal appropriability and prototypes to signal feasibility to potential investors. Using new data on 906 nascent ventures, we find that nascent ventures with patents or patent applications as well as prototyped innovations are more likely to obtain equity finance. However, nascent ventures that can solely signal appropriability by patenting are not more likely to obtain equity finance. This result may indicate that venture capitalists and business angels assign higher value to the appropriability signal when coupled with feasibility and vice versa. 相似文献
2.
《Research Policy》2023,52(1):104648
While the prevalence of equity crowdfunding has increased, investors have had very few opportunities to exit such investments. Thus, several equity crowdfunding platforms have started considering the development of secondary markets for buying and selling shares. Using detailed data from the world's first secondary market for equity crowdfunding, we investigate whether plans to list on the secondary market increase investor participation and thus the amount of money entrepreneurs raise during their equity crowdfunding campaigns. We find that in the early days of the secondary market, communicating a listing plan attracted more investors and larger investment sums. However, these effects largely disappeared after the first two years of secondary market operation. We interpret this to stem from investors' recognition of the insufficient liquidity of the secondary market and thus its probable inability to constitute a viable exit route. We also find that ex post, many entrepreneurs forgo listing, especially if their campaigns are not sufficiently successful, which implies significant costs associated with a listing. Our findings offer valuable insights to platforms aiming at launching secondary markets and regulators responsible for validating relevant initiatives. Specifically, we highlight how participation in equity ownership can be increased through well-functioning secondary markets, which however are difficult to achieve within equity crowdfunding. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2019,48(8):103740
This paper examines for the first time dual-class equity crowdfunding as a digital ownership model. Unique to this context, companies can set an investment threshold under which no voting rights are granted, making the issuance of Class A vs. Class B shares, depending on individual investors. Using a sample of 491 offerings on the UK platform Crowdcube from 2011 to 2015, we find that a higher separation between ownership and control rights lowers the probability of success of the offering, the likelihood of attracting professional investors, as well as the long-run prospects. Different from small investors, professional investors care about the implementation of a threshold for the attribution of voting rights and often bid the Class A threshold exactly. Family businesses, although less attractive to small investors, are relatively safer investments, because of their lower chances of failure. 相似文献
4.
《Research Policy》2023,52(7):104792
The ability to identify early-stage venture potential, which has traditionally relied on experts, is challenging because new ideas are uncertain. However, judgment from a large number of evaluators can effectively identify promising ventures. This paper empirically studies whether crowd-based information generates informative feedback for entrepreneurs and seed investors. Using data on 701 early-stage founders of new ventures examined by 2600 evaluators, I estimated the effects of crowd-based ratings on survival and securing seed funds. I find that the crowd rating was uncorrelated with subsequent financing events from seed investors but increased a venture's probability of continuation by 3.1 percentage points. This effect became stronger as the number of evaluators increased. This finding highlights that a judgment aggregation offers information for nascent venture founders. 相似文献
5.
《Research Policy》2019,48(8):103744
Involving customers is often considered a method to develop products in line with market needs. However, we still need to obtain more insights into the respective drivers and outcomes in the context of (a) the involvement of customers by entrepreneurial ventures and (b) business-to-consumer (B2C) relationships. This study suggests that reward-based crowdfunding can provide a digital opportunity for both areas. We explore how community-derived social capital influences ventures’ approach to engaging backers in new product development and how this, in turn, advances product innovativeness. Using structural equation modeling, we test a unique dataset that combines primary survey and secondary platform data from 710 crowdfunding ventures. Our results provide a nuanced picture of how social capital dimensions are associated with backers as an information source and as co-developers and, indirectly, with new product innovativeness. This study underscores that crowdfunding serves as a digital platform for market-oriented innovation. It contributes empirical insights into how nascent teams can engage the digital crowd in product development via crowdfunding. We also add to social capital literature by illuminating web-mediated mechanisms that transform knowledge into tangible innovation outcomes. 相似文献
6.
《Research Policy》2019,48(7):1666-1680
Using data on the entire population of businesses registered in the states of California and Massachusetts between 1995 and 2011, we decompose the well-established gender gap in entrepreneurship. We show that female-led ventures are 63 percentage points less likely than male-led ventures to obtain external funding (i.e., venture capital). The most significant portion of the gap (65 percent) stems from gender differences in initial startup orientation, with women being less likely to found ventures that signal growth potential to external investors. However, the residual gap is as much as 35 percent and much of this disparity likely reflects investors’ gendered preferences. Consistent with theories of statistical discrimination, the residual gap diminishes significantly when stronger signals of growth are available to investors for comparable female- and male-led ventures or when focal investors appear to be more sophisticated. Finally, conditional on the reception of external funds (i.e., venture capital), women and men are equally likely to achieve exit outcomes, through IPOs or acquisitions. 相似文献
7.
基于交易成本理论,探讨不同控制权分配情况下,合资承诺对公告公司股票收益的影响。本文以2009年至2013年间发布合资公告的上市公司为研究对象,利用事件研究法和多元回归分析方法,研究股票市场对合资公告的反应。实证结果显示,股票市场对合资公告具有积极的正向反应,股票收益随着投资承诺的增加而增加,但与时间承诺的关系并不显著。当伙伴掌握绝对控制权时,投资承诺对公告公司股票收益的边际贡献率最高,权力平衡的分配模式次之,最低的为公告公司掌握绝对控制权的情况。本研究从控制权分配角度,解释了合资承诺与企业绩效之间的关系,为管理者提供了关于合资投入和控制权分配的决策参考。 相似文献
8.
Kevin J. Boudreau Lars Bo Jeppesen Toke Reichstein Francesco Rullani 《Research Policy》2021,50(7):104264
The bulk of today's (“preorder-,” “reward-,” “gift-,” and “donation-based”) crowdfunding raises funds for small, private entrepreneurial ventures without granting funders private claims to the projects’ income or the ability to guarantee the realization and delivery of project outcomes. We theorize and show empirically – via a mixed-method approach applied to a representative and remarkably informative case – that the payoff structure for crowdfunders, akin to a public good contribution problem, leads to the tangible value of main project outputs exerting little influence on contributions to crowdfunding. This then raises the question of which funder motivations fund seekers may have to address to crowdfund their projects. We demonstrate the especially large role of non-pecuniary motivations and pinpoint three particular motivations that profit-seeking entrepreneurs may stimulate to be financed through crowdfunding. The findings hold important implications for entrepreneurs’ crowdfunding strategies, platform design, and our understanding of how this funding institution works in general. The study also adds to emerging research on the implications of the public good nature of crowdfunding. 相似文献
9.
因准确测度风险投资对初创企业的处理效应存在较大技术难度，风险投资是否有助于改善初创企业的生存环境这一问题尚未形成足够共识。借助大量P2P网贷平台倒闭这一难得的准实验机会，首次系统评估风险投资对P2P平台生存状况的处理效应，为客观认识风险投资对创业企业的影响提供了来自中国微观层面的最新证据。实证结果显示，总体来看，获取风险投资有助于改善被投企业的生存状况。具体地，倾向得分匹配法显示，平均来看，获得风险投资的P2P平台死亡率比未获得风险投资的P2P平台低14%，而存续期长913个月。这种差异在剔除内生性偏误、选择性偏差后依然存在，且在不同的匹配方法下均是稳健的。广义倾向得分法进一步揭示，风险投资额对企业生存状态的影响是非线性的，即通常1000万元以上的投资额才能有效延长P2P平台的生存时间，且风险投资额越高，对P2P平台的生存状况的改善越明显。影响机理模型显示，风险投资会通过提供社会资本、提供声誉、提供资金三种途径改善被投企业的生存状态。需要指出的是，因为筛选效应的存在，风险投资更多地发挥着“锦上添花”而非“雪中送炭”效应，不可盲目夸大风险投资的作用。本文初步揭示了风险投资在初创P2P平台存活和行业演进中的作用，为客观认识风险投资对创业企业的影响提供了微观层面的经验证据。 相似文献
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角色冲突对平台依附型新创企业绩效的影响 《科学学研究》2022,40(11):2045-2054
平台主导者的网络效应和赢者通吃效应致使平台依附型创业者在平台演化过程中不断面临角色冲突,创业者角色冲突势必影响到平台依附型新创企业绩效。平台依附型新创企业需要基于知识的关键能力实现以更少的资源做更多的事情,减轻数字平台演化造成的不利影响。基于308份调研问卷,运用SPSS25.0和Mplus8.0软件,本文探索创业者角色冲突对平台依附型新创企业绩效的影响,并探索基于知识的关键能力的调节效应。结果表明,创业者角色冲突和新创企业绩效之间的关系呈负相关关系;吸收能力正向调节创业者角色冲突和新创企业绩效之间的负相关关系;独占能力正向调节创业者角色冲突和新创企业绩效之间的负相关关系;管理能力正向调节创业者角色冲突和新创企业绩效之间的负相关关系。新创企业的企业年龄对新创企业创新绩效的有积极的正向影响。该研究结论可为平台依附型新创企业健康成长提供理论指导。 相似文献
11.
The effect of founder characteristics in attracting external investment and enhancing survival of new high-technology ventures is explored using human capital theory and signalling theory. We test the effect of founder characteristics on external investment in and survival of new high-technology ventures by tracking a random sample of 193 high-technology start-ups, all participants in the Israeli Technology Incubator Program. Founder's business management expertise and academic status attracted external investment, but founder's general technological expertise did not. Founder's business management expertise and general technological expertise positively affected venture survival, but founder's academic status did not. Possible implications for entrepreneurs, investors, policy and further research are discussed. 相似文献
12.
In this paper, we focus on the potential innovative benefits to corporate venture capital (CVC), i.e. equity investments in entrepreneurial ventures by incumbent firms. We propose that corporate venture capital programs may be instrumental in harvesting innovations from entrepreneurial ventures and thus an important part of a firm's overall innovation strategy. We hypothesize that these programs are especially effective in weak intellectual property (IP) regimes and when the firm has sufficient absorptive capacity. We analyze a large panel of public firms over a 20-year period and find that increases in corporate venture capital investments are associated with subsequent increases in firm patenting. 相似文献
13.
互联网众筹可视为一种大众参与和共同创造的新兴创业孵化范式。本文基于社会资本理论,构建了异质性社会资本影响互联网众筹绩效的理论模型。特别的,注意到发起人两种不同的社会资本,即“社交资本”和“社群资本”,分别具有“对人不对事”和“对事不对人”的特质,因而在众筹事前风险甄别和事后监督惩罚中具有不同作用机理。最后,采集“众筹网”微观数据对理论假设进行检验。研究结果表明：1）发起人的社群资本和社交资本均对众筹绩效有正向影响;2）相对于社交资本,发起人的社群资本对众筹绩效的影响更加显著。 相似文献
14.
China's system for funding new ventures is a relatively recent phenomenon emerging from decades of government-led technology policy and a still-transitioning business system. This paper first proposes a general framework in which this financing system is defined as the country-specific configuration of actors, rules and practices by which investment funds are pooled, investment targets identified, funds invested and monitored, and returns appropriated. The paper uses this framework to link the centralized government system of the 1980s to today's nascent venture capital industry. The analysis leads to policy and managerial implications, as well as a research agenda for further studies in the Chinese context and across different venture financing systems. 相似文献
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海归创业的外来者劣势和知识资本的调节作用 《科学学研究》2017,35(9):1348-1358
本文利用2011-2015年中关村科技园科技创业企业的统计数据,以销售收入、利润率和存活率三个不同指标测度海归与本土企业的绩效差异。我们首先使用倾向评分匹配（PSM）法将特征相似的海归企业和本土企业进行配对,进而采用回归分析实证检验了海归对创业绩效的影响及企业法人代表的受教育水平和企业的研发投入两类知识资本的调节作用。结果显示,海归企业的三个绩效指标均显著低于本土企业,高学历和高研发投入均会削弱海归对创业绩效的负向作用。这表明海归在融入本土情境方面的不足影响了其创业绩效的提升,而知识资本能在一定程度上弥补海归的“外来者劣势”。 相似文献
17.
创业是企业发展的一种重要战略，以获取新技术、实现新业务创建为目的的创业导向并购逐渐成为了新创企业主要的战略实施方式。鉴于新创企业的发展具有技术依赖性，且董事会的构成较为特别，本文选取了2012年12月31日前在中国创业板上市的公司为研究对象，采集了截止到2015年12月的并购数据，通过回归分析，实证检验了不同技术轨道下新创企业董事会中创始人开放性和机构投资者参与对企业创业导向战略决策的影响。结果表明：在新创企业中，创始人开放性和机构投资者参与均能显著正向影响企业创业导向战略决策，且二者之间具有互补效应。进一步发现，企业所处的技术轨道不同，以上作用效果不同。在供应商主导和规模密集型企业中，创始人开放性与机构投资者参与的交互作用不显著；在信息密集型和专业化供应商企业中，创始人开放性与机构投资者参与具有显著的互补效应；在基于科学的企业中，机构投资者参与对企业的创业导向战略决策具有负向的影响。 相似文献
18.
借助一手调研数据和二手资料,本文从发展趋势和对策两个方面分析了处于转型时期的中国天使投资市场,研究发现:(1)中国天使投资正处于高速发展阶段,尤其是在国家鼓励创新创业的氛围下,对天使投资营造了利好的环境。基于这个新形势,天使投资的未来趋势体现在平民化、组织化、机构化以及与孵化器、股权众筹模式的深度融合化等几个方面。(2)天使投资市场在投资者认知、规范化发展以及政策制定等方面仍存在诸多问题。为了推动天使投资实现规范性发展,并逐步走向成熟,以支撑中国创新型经济发展,本文建议需要进一步完善天使投资法律法规与培育管理体系、出台天使投资激励政策、加大天使投资引导力度。 相似文献
19.
Despite significant business opportunities made possible through advancements in technology, readily available digital technologies are often overlooked and not used by new ventures. To address this knowledge gap, this paper looks at the relationships between readily available digital technologies and born-digital new venture capabilities. We use an affordance lens to explore conditions in which born-digital new ventures interact with digital technologies to actualize digital affordances that facilitate the development of important capabilities. First, using the existing literature, we present a research model and its key elements. Then, using data on new ventures in a Canadian university incubator, we conduct fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and develop seven configurational research propositions as pathways to develop information technology-enabled organizational capabilities in new ventures. Using this retroductive approach, this research builds a context-specific middle-range theory that explains complex interactions between readily available digital technologies and new venture characteristics, where resources are provided by incubators in dynamic environments, to facilitate the development of ITOCs in the new ventures. We close by describing the study’s theoretical and practical implications. 相似文献
20.
股权配置是风险投资中的关键性问题,然而现有研究更多强调最优股权安排和制度设计,忽略对现实配置状态及其成因的关注。本研究从谈判视角构建了风险投资股权配置及其谈判力来源的理论框架,并结合浙江省数据进行实证分析,发现资金因素和人力资源因素在股权配置中有着不同作用机制。在资金方面,风险投资机构资金投入与风险投资机构股权比例存在正相关,但随创业企业发展相关性逐步趋弱。创业企业资金并非显著谈判力来源;在人力资源方面,创业者创业经历与风险投资机构股权比例存在负相关,随着创业企业发展相关性同样逐步趋弱。风险投资机构从业经验与其股权比例存在显著负相关。 相似文献