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1.
Richard E. Mayer 《Educational Psychology Review》2017,29(4):835-846
This paper explores the potential of neuroscience for improving educational practice by describing the perspective of educational psychology as a linking science; providing historical context showing educational psychology’s 100-year search for an educationally relevant neuroscience; offering a conceptual framework for the connections among neuroscience, cognitive science, educational psychology, and educational practice; and laying out a research agenda for the emerging field of educational neuroscience. 相似文献
2.
《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(7):720-736
As we rapidly approach the 50th year of the much‐celebrated ‘cognitive revolution’, it is worth reflecting on its widespread impact on individual disciplines and areas of multidisciplinary endeavour. Of specific concern in this paper is the example of the influence of cognitivism's equation of mind and computer in education. Within education, this paper focuses on a particular area of concern to which both mind and computer are simultaneously central: educational technology. It examines the profound and lasting effect of cognitive science on our understandings of the educational potential of information and communication technologies, and further argues that recent and multiple ‘signs of discontent’, ‘crises’ and even ‘failures’ in cognitive science and psychology should result in changes in these understandings. It concludes by suggesting new directions that educational technology research might take in the light of this crisis of cognitivsm. 相似文献
3.
Rikers Remy M.J.P. Van Gerven Pascal W.M. Schmidt Henk G. 《Instructional Science》2004,32(1-2):173-182
This special issue is dedicated to recentdevelopments within cognitive load theory (CLT)and identifies some instructional implicationsof the interaction between informationstructures and cognitive architecture. Thepresent article discusses the different studiesin this special issue. An important conclusionis that recent CLT research recognizes thelearners' level of expertise as an importantfactor mediating the relation between cognitivearchitecture, information structures, andlearning outcomes. In this context, we discussthe role of expertise in CLT research and therole of CLT in expertise research. Based onthis discussion, the use of CLT as a tool todevelop expertise is identified as a verypromising approach. 相似文献
4.
文章主要介绍了认知心理学、人本主义心理学、精神分析学说、行为主义心理学等主要心理学流派的思想观点,并联系实际就其对目前基础教育课程改革所留下的启示作了简要的评介. 相似文献
5.
朱枫 《成都教育学院学报》2010,24(10):87-90
关于交际教学在我国的适用性问题争论不断。基于对中国知网1994年以来发表在国内部分外语类核心期刊以及其他一些期刊上的主要相关文献的分析,提出认知交际法比较适合我国国情,交际能力的培养是建立在一定的语言文化知识和基本技能训练的基础上,并具体给出了＂知、练、用＂三层次的认知交际教学模式。 相似文献
6.
“基于脑的教育”理论述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章从“基于脑的教育”概念、理论基础及教学思想等方面对“基于脑的教育”进行评述与剖析,认为该模式对于促进脑科学与教育的连接、将认知心理学的研究成果转化为教育实践、批判工厂式教育模式有一定的作用。但“基于脑的教育”在脑结构研究成果的基础上直接推论出学生的学习行为,或者在对脑科学研究成果不恰当解释的基础上提出课堂教学建议的做法,造成了某些“神经科学谬误”的流传。同时,“基于脑的教育”提出的许多概括性主张还没有得到脑科学的证明。 相似文献
7.
Benton and Hoyt (1989) perform a service for educational psychology by obtaining empirical evidence about educational psychologists' reactions to changes in teacher education proposed by the Holmes Group and the Carnegie Commission. Their paper should serve to stimulate debate about the proper role of educational psychology in teacher education. In this paper, we challenge the empirical findings reported by Benton and Hoyt and suggest reasons why the findings may misrepresent educational psychologists' interest in teacher education. We argue that some of the Holmes and Carnegie recommendations contradict the emerging consensus among cognitive psychologists about the contextually bound nature of knowledge. Benton and Hoyt conceptualize educational psychology according to the traditional middleperson viewpoint and make recommendations with respect to educational psychology that presume this conceptualization. We counter that the middleperson viewpoint is being made obsolete by changes in psychology, and describe an alternative conception of educational psychology. This alternative conception leads to a set of alternative recommendations about the appropriate role of educational psychology in the reform of teacher education. 相似文献
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9.
Mary R. Sudzina 《Educational Psychology Review》1997,9(2):199-260
Recent interest and inquiry into constructivism, pedagogical content knowledge, and case study methodology are influencing the content and goals of educational psychology in teacher preparation. The reasons seem clear: The content of educational psychology lends itself to authentic, active, and pragmatic applications of theory to school practices, as well as to investigations of a variety of educational issues, perspectives, and contexts which can be viewed through case study, a constructivist problem-based approach to learning. Widely-used educational psychology texts are including constructivism as a cognitive alternative to behaviorist and information processing views of teaching and learning. Concurrently, case studies are being integrated in educational psychology texts, and a myriad of case texts have appeared with application to educational psychology courses. This article considers the decisions, benefits, and difficulties in teaching educational psychology through a constructivist case study approach. 相似文献
10.
F. Reif 《Instructional Science》1978,7(1):1-14
Recent developments suggest the possibility that education might be developed into an effective applied science. In this paper I try to identify and discuss some of the key questions which should be addressed to achieve this goal: (1) Education should be approached by the same intellectual standards as those prevalent in all other successful applied sciences. (2) It would be both intellectually challenging and practically useful to address systematically the teaching of higher-level cognitive skills. Such efforts should be based on analyses of the underlying human information processing and could profit from recent work in cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. (3) Major improvements in educational delivery could be achieved by exploiting present technological means to provide most students with excellent private nonhuman tutors who can be supplemented by human teachers where these are most uniquely useful. Such an approach can be effective and practical by investing first-rate talent and substantial efforts in initial development work. (4) Universities could contribute significantly to the advancement of education by transcending their present limited educational role and striving in education for the kind of excellence and innovative leadership pursued by them in other applied sciences.This paper is a slightly revised version of a talk given at a symposium held in Boston, in February 1976, at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. 相似文献
11.
According to cognitive load theory (CLT), the limitations of working memory (WM) in the learning of new tasks together with its ability to cooperate with an unlimited long-term memory (LTM) for familiar tasks enable human beings to deal effectively with complex problems and acquire highly complex knowledge and skills. With regard to WM, CLT has focused to a large extent on learning task characteristics, and to a lesser extent on learner characteristics to manage WM load and optimize learning through instructional design. With regard to LTM, explanations of human learning and cognition have mainly focused on domain-general skills, instead of domain-specific knowledge held in LTM. The contributions to this special issue provide a broader cognitive load view on the role of memory in learning and education by presenting the historical roots and conceptual development of the concept of WM, as well as the theoretical and practical implications of current debates about WM mechanisms (Cowan 2014), by presenting an updated model of cognitive load in which the physical learning environment is considered a distinct causal factor for WM load (Choi et al. 2014), by an experimental demonstration of the effects of persistent pain on the available WM resources for learning (Smith and Ayres 2014), and by using aspects of evolutionary educational psychology to argue for the primacy of domain-specific knowledge in human cognition (Tricot and Sweller 2014). 相似文献
12.
Pavlo Antonenko Fred Paas Roland Grabner Tamara van Gog 《Educational Psychology Review》2010,22(4):425-438
Application of physiological methods, in particular electroencephalography (EEG), offers new and promising approaches to educational
psychology research. EEG is identified as a physiological index that can serve as an online, continuous measure of cognitive
load detecting subtle fluctuations in instantaneous load, which can help explain effects of instructional interventions when
measures of overall cognitive load fail to reflect such differences in cognitive processing. This paper presents a review
of seminal literature on the use of continuous EEG to measure cognitive load and describes two case studies on learning from
hypertext and multimedia that employed EEG methodology to collect and analyze cognitive load data. 相似文献
13.
This paper describes an exercise in determining the cognitive difficulty of the assessment tasks in six computing courses within an Information Technology (IT) degree, importing Bloom's taxonomy from the field of educational psychology as an analytical framework. Three of the six courses comprise a Programming stream and three a Data Communications and Networking stream. Bloom's taxonomy is described and we present other studies within computer science based on it. Next, we introduce the courses that were selected for the study and describe the process of analysis. The aggregated results are then presented and some inferences made. The results indicate that the programming courses required a relatively higher cognitive level in assessment tasks compared to the data communications and networking courses. This outcome suggests the need for alternative approaches to assessment. 相似文献
14.
John Clark 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2017,49(1):58-67
Those in education committed to folk psychology (everyday talk about ourselves) reject the advances of neuroscience as the way to explain learning. Winch is one of the most determined defenders of folk psychology. Yet his account of folk psychology is weak and his rejection of neuroscience is deeply flawed. This article sets out Winch’s Wittgensteinian theory of learning then proceeds to critically examine a number of issues, including the folk psychology/cognitive science dualism, problems with folk psychology, the advantages of cognitive science and why folk psychology should be replaced by cognitive science. 相似文献
15.
《Learning and Instruction》2002,12(1):87-105
Cognitive load theory (CLT) is aimed at developing training material that efficiently makes use of the available cognitive processing capacity and stimulates the learner's ability to use acquired knowledge and skills in new situations. It is claimed that CLT-based training formats meet the cognitive abilities of elderly learners particularly well. That is, cognitive aging brings about several declines of working memory, which impede the acquisition of complex cognitive skills. By making an optimal use of the ‘remaining’ cognitive resources, learning can be enhanced. For that purpose, CLT provides a promising range of training formats that have proven their effectiveness relative to conventional formats in young adults. This article presents an experimental study (N=54) aimed at the efficiency of worked examples as a substitute for conventional practice problems in training both elderly and young adults. According to CLT, studying worked examples is a more efficient means of training complex skills than solving conventional problems. As predicted, the results show that — with respect to the elderly — the efficiency of studying worked examples is higher than the efficiency of solving conventional problems in that less training time and cognitive load leads to a comparable level of performance. 相似文献
16.
高职心理教育研究起步较晚,发展也较缓慢,尤其是对高职心理教育研究方法的研究,更是当前高职心理教育研究中的缺位。这在一定程度上制约了高职心理教育理论的进一步发展,也影响到高职心理教育实践的发展。在高职心理教育研究方法体系的构建中,高职教育理论与实践的发展是基础,相关学科研究方法的发展是动因,科学技术的进步与发展是创新的基本条件。 相似文献
17.
文章从师资、学生素质、教学模式等方面剖析了造成目前外语教学效率低下的原因,并试图从教育心理学、认知心理学和教育技术等方面探索提高外语教学效率的应对策略. 相似文献
18.
Critique of the Schema Concept 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bo Dahlin 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(3):287-300
A basic concept in most theories in cognitive psychology, as well as in many versions of constructivism, is that of the schema. The questions behind this paper concern the nature of schemata and what role the concept plays in educational theory and practice. It starts with a brief look at the historical development of the concept, from Kant to its use in some modern textbooks of psychology. One argument is that during its history the originally hypothetical character of the concept has been forgotten. It is now more or less taken for granted that schemata exist. But there are logical inconsistencies in applications of the concept and its usefulness within educational theories can be questioned. The concept also lends itself to manipulatory psychological practices, illustrated by the example of a US advertising company. The paper ends with a suggestion that we return to Aristotle and a more phenomenological approach to the questions of learning and knowledge formation. 相似文献
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20.
Victor L. Willson 《科学教学研究杂志》1987,24(3):279-284
A paper by Norris presents scientific observation as a highly inferential activity in which human senses have become secondary to instrumentation. Norris takes examples from elementary and secondary curricula to support his position. This paper examines Norris's contentions from two perspectives, that of cognitive psychology and that of the philosophy of science. It is argued here that Norris has discussed only one aspect of observation, theory-confirming observation. Another, pretheoretic or theory-building observation, is more closely related to the curriculum activities he criticized. From a cognitive psychology perspective the theory-confirming observation is of use to the expert, but for novices the absence of domain-specific knowledge and of sophisticated problem-solving processes may render theory-building observation more meaningful for instruction. 相似文献