共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 141 毫秒
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大众锻炼领域心理学研究的演进(一) 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
对国际锻炼心理学研究现状进行了详细的回顾。重点分析了身体锻炼与焦虑、抑郁研究领域的研究与存在的问题。研究发现,身体锻炼与缓解焦虑显著相关,状态焦虑与特质焦虑的缓解效应,效果量从小到中不等。分析了期待假说、暂停或分心假说、心血管健康假说及体温假说等身体锻炼缓解焦虑的机制。研究还表明,身体锻炼与抑郁的显著降低有关,分析了5-羟色胺假说、去甲肾上腺假说等身体锻炼抗抑郁效果的理论。 相似文献
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在收入不平等与健康关系的相关研究中,国外学者提出了绝对收入假说、相对收入假说、剥夺假说、相对地位假说、收入不平等假说等理论。我国在这一领域的研究较少,特别在体育领域鲜见相关研究。提出体育领域在收入不平等与人口健康关系的未来研究方向:多学科协同研究、健康测量方法的选择与创新、重视实证方法的应用、重视基于个体健康水平数据的研究。 相似文献
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运动技能内隐性学习的"痕迹假说" 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
人们对运动技能内隐性学习的研究已有多年.但是对于运动技能内隐性学习的发生机制并没有给出相应合理的解释.以"痕迹假说"进行分析与讨论,认为:运动技能内隐性学习不应该与运动技能学习自动化混为一谈,两者是平行关系,一个用"痕迹假说"来解释,一个用"动作链"来解释. 相似文献
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距离科学认识体育有多远——体育研究中几个问题的质性思考 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
汤国杰 《天津体育学院学报》2004,19(2):34-35
以科学认识为视角,运用文献资料、调查访问和逻辑分析等方法,对当前体育研究中的几个问题进行了质性分析。结果表明,体育研究中存在应答域不清、科学假说理解的片面性、认识的定势、观点与方法不匹配、研究视角的偏差等问题,并提出了相应的对策。 相似文献
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对锻炼心理学研究进行了简要回顾,分析了目前锻炼心理学研究中比较常见的问题,指出锻炼心理学研究必须是理论导向的,其研究过程包括:(1)形成可以接受检验的、可以接受经验反驳或证实的理论;(2)建立假说或包括生物、心理和社会等因素在内的模型;(3)锻炼心理学研究设计,包括选择变量、实施研究、分析结果、得出结论等一系列内容。 相似文献
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“前自动化阶段”存在的必然性分析——从体育教学看运动技能的形成过程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用文献研究、观察和比较分析等方法对体育教学中运动技能形成的过程与竞技运动中运动技能的形成过程进行相对客观的比较与分析,提出了在联结与自动化阶段之间存在着一个过渡阶段--"前自动化阶段"的假说.旨为人们重新认识运动技能形成过程理论提供一个新的视角. 相似文献
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体育产业发展的区域化特征提出区域优势体育产业研究的必要性。首先提出研究假设———不同类型体育产业发展的主要影响因素存在差异。运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等检验研究假设。结果表明假设成立,不同类型体育产业的主要影响因素存在差异,差异正是区域选择优势体育产业的基本依据。在此基础上,提出不同区域应因时、因地制宜地选择优势体育产业,由此实现我国体育产业的非均衡协调发展。 相似文献
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In this commentary, we react to the recent study by Helsen, Gilis and Weston (2006) on judging offside in football. Helsen et al. claim that their data falsify the optical error hypothesis presented by Oudejans et al. (2000). However, as we will elucidate here, they misinterpret this hypothesis and present a data set that is seriously flawed, and hence not suited to test it. Therefore, their conclusions regarding the optical error hypothesis are in error. 相似文献
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本研究运用"柏林锻炼阶段"模型调查了211名银行员工的体育锻炼行为,并通过检验银行员工的锻炼自我效能变量和社会支持变量在各阶段中的非连续性模式和非线性趋势,考察了该阶段模型的阶段性假说.研究结果没有充分支持上述阶段性假说.未来研究仍需进一步修订该阶段模型. 相似文献
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阐述"中枢疲劳"的假设,就运动中单胺类神经递质的变化以及复方健脑益智类中药、复方补肾类中药、益气活血类中药和某些单味中药和中药单体有效成分对中枢单胺类神经递质的调节作用等问题综述,并就运用中医药推迟、消除运动性中枢疲劳的研究前景作一展望。认为,今后对这一领域的研究应注意以下理论和实践方面的问题:①从中医理论方面丰富"中枢疲劳"的假设;②探索中医药推迟运动性中枢疲劳的途径;③进行推迟运动性中枢疲劳的药物筛选;④建立推迟运动性中枢疲劳研究的中西医结合的桥梁。 相似文献
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罗鸣春 《上海体育学院学报》1992,(3)
假设检验在体育统计学教学中占有重要地位。为了克服学生学习中的畏难情绪,调动其学习积极性,采用了框图、表格与精讲相结合的施教方法。实践证明,教学效果较好。 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to analyse the correctness of the offside judgements of the assistant referees during the final round of the FIFA 2002 World Cup. We also contrasted two hypotheses to explain the errors in judging offside. The optical error hypothesis is based on an incorrect viewing angle, while the flash-lag hypothesis refers to perceptual errors associated with the flash-lag effect (i.e. a moving object is perceived as spatially leading its real position at a discrete instant signalled by a briefly flashed stimulus). Across all 64 matches, 337 offsides were analysed using digital video technology. The error percentage was 26.2%. During the first 15 min match period, there were significantly more errors (38.5%) than during any other 15 min interval. As predicted by the flash-lag effect, we observed many more flag errors (86.6%) than non-flag errors (13.4%). Unlike the predictions of the optical error hypothesis, there was no significant difference between the correct and incorrect decisions in terms of the positioning of the assistant referees relative to the offside line (0.81 and 0.77 m ahead, respectively). To reduce the typical errors in judging offside, alternative ways need to be considered to teach assistant referees to better deal with flash-lag effects. 相似文献
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高水平径赛运动员赛前焦虑的时间变化模式及赛前焦虑与比赛成绩的相关研究 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
本研究采用马腾斯(M artens)等人1982 年编制的运动竞赛状态焦虑调查表(CSAI-2)的中国修订本,对参加北京市高校田径比赛甲组的32 名高水平运动员(男13 人、女18 人)进行问卷调查,旨在检验马腾斯的多维焦虑理论。研究结果表明:认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑和状态自信心3 方面具有不同的时间变化模式,验证了马腾斯等人提出的假设,但马腾斯关于赛前焦虑与比赛成绩关系的假设没有得到支持,有待于进一步研究 相似文献
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Abstract The objective of this study was to analyse the correctness of the offside judgements of the assistant referees during the final round of the FIFA 2002 World Cup. We also contrasted two hypotheses to explain the errors in judging offside. The optical error hypothesis is based on an incorrect viewing angle, while the flash-lag hypothesis refers to perceptual errors associated with the flash-lag effect (i.e. a moving object is perceived as spatially leading its real position at a discrete instant signalled by a briefly flashed stimulus). Across all 64 matches, 337 offsides were analysed using digital video technology. The error percentage was 26.2%. During the first 15 min match period, there were significantly more errors (38.5%) than during any other 15 min interval. As predicted by the flash-lag effect, we observed many more flag errors (86.6%) than non-flag errors (13.4%). Unlike the predictions of the optical error hypothesis, there was no significant difference between the correct and incorrect decisions in terms of the positioning of the assistant referees relative to the offside line (0.81 and 0.77 m ahead, respectively). To reduce the typical errors in judging offside, alternative ways need to be considered to teach assistant referees to better deal with flash-lag effects. 相似文献
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不同的运动项目需要不同的唤醒水平,驱力理论和倒U型假说等理论从不同的角度解释了运动表现和唤醒水平之间的关系。网球运动中的网前截击效果与唤醒水平存在着怎样的关系呢？通过文献资料查阅和实验研究发现,唤醒状态水平与网球运动技术中网前截击效果存在着类似倒U型关系。 相似文献
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Previous research has argued that skills acquired explicitly are more likely to fail under stressful conditions than skills that have been learned implicitly. The present study addressed an alternative explanation for the robustness under stress of implicit task performance. As implicit learners acquired the skill of golf putting while generating random letters, it is possible that they became desensitized to self-generated verbalizations and thus immune to the effects of competitive anxiety. We tested this interpretation while controlling for a further rival hypothesis generated by Eysenck's Processing Efficiency Theory. We also examined the effect of increased state anxiety on the kinematic processes underlying performance breakdowns. For task performance, we found evidence that partially supported the conscious processing hypothesis, while the results of the kinematic analysis of the putting stroke were equivocal. Analysis of self-reported effort scores provided partial support for processing efficiency theory. 相似文献