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本文研究了强势零售商的存在对再制造闭环供应链回收模式的影响.建立了三种再制造闭环供应链博弈模型.对这三种闭环供应链模型进行了比较分析.研究发现:当零售商之间差异化程度较高时,强势和弱势零售商偏好于零售商负责回收模式,而制造商偏好于制造商负责回收模式;而当零售商之间差异化程度较低时,强势和弱势零售商偏好于制造商(或第3方)负责回收模式,而制造商偏好于零售商负责回收模式. 相似文献
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不确定需求及WTP差异下的再制造回收模式选择 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在新产品及再制造产品的需求均为不确定的情形下,考虑了两种产品之间消费者支付意愿的差异性,分别建立了制造商回收、零售商回收及第三方回收三种不同回收模式下的再制造闭环供应链模型,并给出求解的优化条件,然后利用数值仿真对三种回收模型进行了求解和比较分析。结果表明,制造商主导的再制造闭环供应链中,第三方回收模式下制造商利润最高,制造商回收模式下新产品及再制造产品的零售价均最低,制造商利润、零售商利润及渠道总利润随再制造产品的消费者支付意愿的增加先减少后增加。 相似文献
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基于废旧电子产品回收质量水平的不确定性,构建了制造商自行回收、零售商回收和第三方回收3种闭环供应链回收模式,研究规模不经济的制造商回收模式选择问题。结果表明：当零售商回收时,新产品销售价格最低且废旧产品的回收质量水平、回收价格、回收数量、新产品消费者需求量、规模不经济的制造商利润和供应链总利润都高于另外两种回收模式,但3种回收模式下零售商的利润大小取决于生产规模不经济程度,只有在规模不经济程度较低且零售商回收时,零售商的利润才会高于其他两种模式。总的来说,当制造商在面临生产规模不经济现象时,会优先将回收业务委托给零售商,但零售商会根据规模不经济程度来决定是否接受回收业务。 相似文献
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研究考虑政府不同补贴模式的闭环供应链定价决策问题,构建政府实施再制造补贴和回收补贴两种模式下的闭环供应链定价决策模型,分析政府不同补贴模式对新产品定价及废旧产品回收的影响。研究表明政府的再制造补贴及回收补贴均会促使制造商和零售商降低新产品价格、第三方提高废旧产品回收率,且有利于增加闭环供应链成员及系统整体的利润。较之再制造补贴,政府的回收补贴机制更有利于提高废旧产品回收率。当单位再制造收益大于单位回收收益时,回收补贴机制更有利于降低新产品零售价格、提高市场需求。无论政府实施何种补贴机制,制造商总能获得最多的渠道利润,而第三方的获利总是最少。 相似文献
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考虑到人们生活物质水平的提高,产品生命周期被大大地缩短了,导致了许多环境和资源上的问题.在这些问题的基础上,构建了一个由制造商、零售商和消费者组成的闭环供应链.针对制造商所生产的新产品和再制造产品2种具有差异性,分别考虑无政府补贴和政府补贴制造商的情况下,综合运用最优化理论和博弈理论求解和比较分散决策和集中决策下供应链系统成员的最优定价策略和收益状况,最终得出2种产品的最优模型和最优定价策略,然后再通过算例分析验证相关的性质.研究表明:在集中决策模式下,当政府对制造商进行补贴的情况下,再制造产品的需求量增大,新产品的需求量减少,供应链的整体利润增大;在分散决策模式下,当产品差异化程度较小时,有政府补贴情况下新产品和再制造产品的需求量减少,制造商、零售商和供应链整体的利润得到提升;当产品差异化过大时,制造商的利润小于无政府补贴情况下的利润,有政府补贴的情况下整体供应链和零售商的利润要大于政府不补贴的情况. 相似文献
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《软科学》2018,(5)
构建了制造商与零售商两者混合回收及制造商、零售商和第三方三者混合回收的两类闭环供应链模型,运用博弈理论对两类回收模型进行比较。结果发现:制造商、零售商和供应链系统的最优混合回收模式存在四种情形:(1)制造商、零售商和供应链系统的最佳选择均为制造商和零售商混合回收,供应链系统具有长期稳定性;(2)制造商和供应链系统的最优决策为制造商和零售商混合回收,但零售商的最优决策却是三者混合回收模式,供应链存在不稳定性;(3)制造商和零售商的最优决策为制造商和零售商混合回收,但供应链系统的最优回收模式却为三者混合回收,供应链系统具有长期稳定性;(4)制造商和供应链系统的最优决策为三者混合回收,但零售商的最优决策却为制造商和零售商混合回收,供应链存在不稳定性。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献