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1.
HASEEB Akhtar SHARMA Anita SHUKEA Prabhat Kumar 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(8):736-742
INTRODUCTION Green gram (Vigna radiata) is an important short duration pulse crop. Due to its high nutritive value, it is grown throughout the tropical countries of South and Southeast Asia, particularly in India (Vavilov, 1951). Among various pests and diseases, nematodes-fungus disease complex particularly of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum poses a great problem to the cultivation of pulse crops by inflicting severe yield losses (Perveen et al., 1999; De et al., 2000; … 相似文献
2.
谢关林 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2003,4(4):463-468
With the use of a seed washing technique, more than 4000 Gram negative bacteria were isolated by two improved isolation methods
from 446 batches of 1 kg rice seed samples obtained from 22 provinces in the Philippines. They were initially characterized
on the basis of colony morphology and results of biochemical and pathogenicity tests. Six hundred and fifty-two strains were
further identified by Biolog, from which 133 were selected for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis together with 80 standard
reference! strains. Six-teen species or types ofPseudomonas and 17 genera of non-pseudomonads were identified, more than one third of which have not been recorded in rice. The most
predominant species observed wereP. putida andP. fulva. About 17% of the strains ofPseudomonas and 2% of the non-pseudomonads were antagonistic to one or more fungal or bacterial pathogens of rice. Rice seed is an important
source of biological control agents.
Project supported by Belgium government and Asia Development Bank. Part of the experiments conducted at the University of
Gent, Belgium and IRRI during 1997–2000. 相似文献
3.
Zariyantey Abdul Hamid Siti Balkis Budin Ng Wen Jie Asmah Hamid Khairana Husain Jamaludin Mohamed 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2012,13(3):176-185
Paracetamol (PCM) overdose can cause nephrotoxicity with oxidative stress as one of the possible mechanisms mediating the
event. In this study, the effects of ethyl acetate extract of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome [200 mg per kg of body weight (mg/kg) and 400 mg/kg] on PCM-induced nephrotoxicity were examined. Rats were divided
into five groups containing 10 rats each. The control group received distilled water while other groups were treated with
extract alone (400 mg/kg), PCM alone (750 mg/kg), 750 mg/kg PCM+200 mg/kg extract (PCM+ 200-extract), and 750 mg/kg PCM+400
mg/kg extract (PCM+400-extract), respectively, for seven consecutive days. The Z. zerumbet extract was given intraperitoneally concurrent with oral administration of PCM. Treatment with Z. zerumbet extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg prevented the PCM-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative impairments of the kidney, as
evidenced by a significantly reduced (P<0.05) level of plasma creatinine, plasma and renal malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma protein carbonyl, and renal advanced oxidation
protein product (AOPP). Furthermore, both doses were also able to induce a significant increment (P<0.05) of plasma and renal levels of glutathione (GSH) and plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The nephroprotective
effects of Z. zerumbet extract were confirmed by a reduced intensity of renal cellular damage, as evidenced by histological findings. Moreover,
Z. zerumbet extract administered at 400 mg/kg was found to show greater protective effects than that at 200 mg/kg. In conclusion, ethyl
acetate extract of Z. zerumbet rhizome has a protective role against PCM-induced nephrotoxicity and the process is probably mediated through its antioxidant
properties. 相似文献
4.
Zhang Xin Zhang Bing-xin Zhang Zhen Shen Wei-feng Yang Ching-hong Yu Jing-quan Zhao Yu-hua 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(8):770-777
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused byFusarium graminearum is a devastating disease that results in extensive yield losses to wheat and barley. A green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing
plasmid pRP22-GFP was constructed for monitoring the colonization of two biocontrol agents,Brevibacillus brevis ZJY-116, on the spikes of barley and their effect on suppression of FHB. Survival and colonization of theBrevibacillus brevis ZJY-1 andBacillus subtilis ZJY-116 strains on spikes of barley were observed by tracking the bacterial transformants with GFP expression. Our field
study revealed that plasmid pRP22-GFP was stably maintained in the bacterial strains without selective pressure. The retrieved
GFP-tagged strains showed that the bacterial population fluctuation accorded with that of the rain events. Furthermore, both
biocontrol strains gave significant protection against FHB on spikes of barley in fields. The greater suppression of barley
FHB disease was resulted from the treatment of barley spikes with biocontrol agents before inoculation withF. graminearum.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30230250) and Science and Technology Committee
of Zhejiang Province (No. 2003C22029), China 相似文献
5.
Hossein Motamedi Esmaeil Darabpour Mahnaz Gholipour Seyyed Mansour Seyyed Nejad 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(7):506-511
Brucellosis, a zoonosis caused by four species of brucella, has a high morbidity. Brucella melitensis is the main causative agent of brucellosis in both human and small ruminants. As an alternative to conventional antibiotics,
medicinal plants are valuable resources for new agents against antibiotic-resistant strains. The aim of this study was to
investigate the usage of native plants for brucellosis treatment. For this purpose, the anti-brucella activities of ethanolic
and methanolic extracts of Salvia sclarea, Oliveria decumbens, Ferulago angulata, Vitex pseudo-negundo, Teucrium polium, Plantago ovata, Cordia myxa, and Crocus sativus were assessed. The activity against a resistant Br. melitensis strain was determined by disc diffusion method at various concentrations from 50–400 mg/ml. Antibiotic discs were also used
as a control. Among the evaluated herbs, six plant (Salvia sclarea, Oliveria decumbens, Ferulago angulata, Vitex pseudo-negundo, Teucrium polium, and Crocus sativus) showed anti-brucella activity. Oliveria decumbens was chosen as the most effective plant for further studies. A tested isolate exhibited resistance to tetracycline, nafcillin,
oxacillin, methicillin, and colistin. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)
values for Oliveria decumbens against resistant Br. melitensis were the same (5 mg/ml), and for gentamicin they were both 2 mg/ml. Time-kill kinetics for a methanolic extract of Oliveria decumbens was 7 h whereas for an ethanolic extract it was 28 h. Also, Oliveria decumbens extracts showed a synergistic effect in combination with doxycycline and tetracycline. In general, the similar values of
MIC and MBC for Oliveria decumbens suggest that these extracts could act as bactericidal agents against Br. melitensis. In addition to Oliveria decumbens, Crocus sativus and Salvia sclarea also had good anti-brucella activity and these should be considered for further study. 相似文献
6.
7.
Insecticidal effects of different doses of the dust and methanol extracts of Garcinia kolae on Collosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus zeamais were tested. The dust had no significant effect on the two insects; none of them died even at 3 d after treatment. The methanol
extracts, however, had rapid lethal effects on both C. maculatus and S. zeamais. The mortality of C. maculatus by the lowest concentration of methanol extracts ranged from 95%∼100% whereas in S. zeamais, the mortality ranged from 87.5%∼100% and 70%∼100% in concentrations of 1 g extract+3 ml methanol and 1 g extract+5 ml methanol,
respectively, from 24 to 48 h. The least concentration of 1 g extract+15 ml methanol had no significant lethal effect on Sitophilus zeamais.
相似文献
8.
Dong-dong Cao Jin Hu Xin-xian Huang Xian-ju Wang Ya-jing Guan Zhou-fei Wang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2008,9(12):964-968
The changes of kernel nutritive components and seed vigor in F1 seeds of sh
2 sweet corn during seed development stage were investigated and the relationships between them were analyzed by time series
regression (TSR) analysis. The results show that total soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents gradually declined, while
starch and soluble protein contents increased throughout the seed development stages. Germination percentage, energy of germination,
germination index and vigor index gradually increased along with seed development and reached the highest levels at 38 d after
pollination (DAP). The TSR showed that, during 14 to 42 DAP, total soluble sugar content was independent of the vigor parameters
determined in present experiment, while the reducing sugar content had a significant effect on seed vigor. TSR equations between
seed reducing sugar and seed vigor were also developed. There were negative correlations between the seed reducing sugar content
and the germination percentage, energy of germination, germination index and vigor index, respectively. It is suggested that
the seed germination, energy of germination, germination index and vigor index could be predicted by the content of reducing
sugar in sweet corn seeds during seed development stages.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30370911) and Education Department of Zhejiang
Province, China (No. 20070147) 相似文献
9.
《宝剑记》主要取材于我国古典小说《水浒传》中"林冲落草"这段故事。相较来看,《宝剑记》继承了《水浒传》的很多方面,包括主要人物设置,故事情节内容,"忠奸"主题思想。除此,《宝剑记》在人物形象、情节脉络、中心矛盾、起因结局等方面又有所创新。《宝剑记》对《水浒传》的改编凸显出明中叶反封建专制统治的社会思潮和人的自我意识的觉醒,也是作者李开先个人心灵世界的直接映现,具有明显的进步性与现实意义。 相似文献
10.
This two-part article considers certain fundamental symmetries of nature, namely the discrete symmetries of parity (P), charge conjugation (C) and time reversal (T), and their possible violation. Recent experimental results are discussed in some depth. In this second part, we discussCP andT violation and arrive at a synthesis. 相似文献
11.
Mahar Ali Nawaz Munir Muhammad Elawad Sami Gowen Simon Richard Hague Nigel Graham Meckenzi 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2004,5(10):1183-1190
Cells and cell-free solutions of the culture filtrate of the bacterial symbiont, Xenorhabdus nematophila taken from the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae in aqueous broth suspensions were lethal to larvae of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella. Their application on leaves of Chinese cabbage indicated that the cells can penetrate into the insects in the absence of
the nematode vector. Cell-free solutions containing metabolites were also proved as effective as bacterial cells suspension.
The application of aqueous suspensions of cells of X. nematophila or solutions containing its toxic metabolites to the leaves represents a possible new strategy for controlling insect pests
on foliage. 相似文献
12.
In this paper, the Tφ-convex functions were introduced as a generalizations of convex functions. Then the characteristics of the Tφ-convex functions were discussed. Furthermore, some new inequalities for the Tφ-convex functions were derived. 相似文献
13.
The search for active toxins for managing weeds or plant diseases is believed to be a promising avenue of investigation. However,
the effects of Alternaria toxins on insects have just begun to be investigated. Bioactivities of toxins from four strains of Alternaria alternata on Rosa chinensis and rose aphid Macrosiphum rosivorum were tested in the present study. At a concentration of 50.0 μg/ml, the crude extract (toxin) of strain 7484 was found not
to be harmful to rose plants with excised leaf-puncture method (P≥0.079), and rose plants showed enhanced resistance to rose aphids when this Alternaria toxin was sprayed on the plants (P≤0.001). However, this toxin caused no detrimental effects on aphids in insecticidal bioassay at a concentration of 10.0 to
160.0 μg/ml (P≥0.096). Therefore, the Alternaria toxin had significantly induced the resistance of rose plants against rose aphids, demonstrating that the resistance mechanism
triggered by the Alternaria toxin in the rose plant may also be used by the plant to defend itself against insects. Further bioassays aimed to discover
the olfactory responses of aphids to the toxin-induced volatiles of host plants. The aphids were significantly more attracted
to both volatiles emitted and collected from control rose plants than to both volatiles emitted and collected from the toxin-treated
rose plants (P≤0.014). This result showed that the toxin-induced resistance related to the volatile changes of host plants. 相似文献
14.
Phytoremediation is emerging as a potential cost-effective solution for remediation of contaminated soils, and bioavailability
of metal in the soil for plant uptake is an important factor for successful phytoremediation. This study aimed at investigating
the ability of EDTA and citric acid for enhancing soil bioavailability of Cu and phytoremediation by Elsholtzia splendens
in two types of soils contaminated with heavy metals [i.e. mined soil from copper mining area (MS), and paddy soil (PS) polluted
by copper refining]. The results showed that addition of 2.5 mmol/kg EDTA significantly increased the H2O extractable Cu concentration from 1.20 to 15.78 mg/kg in MS and from 0.26 to 15.72 mg/kg in PS, and that shoot Cu concentration
increased 4-fold and 8-fold as compared to the control. There was no significant difference between the treatment with 5.0
mmol/kg EDTA and that with 2.5 mmol/kg EDTA, probably because that 2.5 mmol/kg EDTA was enough for elevating Cu bioavailability
to the maximum level. As compared with the control, citric acid had no marked effect on both soil extractable Cu and shoot
Cu concentration or accumulation. The results indicated that EDTA addition can increase the potential and efficiency of Cu
phytoextraction byE. splendens in polluted soils.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29977017) and the Science and Technology Ministry
of China (No. 2002CB410804) 相似文献
15.
AtCRE1 is known to be a cytokinin receptor inArabidopsis. TheAtCRE1 protein contains CHASE domain at the N-terminal part, followed by a transmitter (histidine kinase) domain and two receiver
domains. The N-terminal CHASE domain ofAtCRE1 contains putative recognition sites for cytokinin. Five CHASE domains containing proteins were found in rice,osCRL1a,OsCRL1b,OsCRL2,OsCRL3, andOsCRL4.OsCRL1a,OsCRL1b,OsCRL2 andOsCRL3 contain the four domains existing inCRE1, whereasOsCRL4 only contains the CHASE domain and a putative Ser/Thr protein kinase domain. The authors cloned the encoding geneOsCRL4 and found that it represents a new member of the cytokinin receptor protein in rice.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China 相似文献
16.
The relationship between ulcer recurrence andHelicobacter pylori: A prospective one-year follow-up study in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To study the relationship between ulcer recurrence andHelicobacter Pylori. 147 patients with peptic ulcer were divided intoH. Pylori infected group andH. pylori uninfected group by rapid urease test serum antibody examination and histopathology of gastric biopsy specimens. We assigned
all patients to receive dual oral therapy with omeprazole 40 mg/day for 4 weeks and amoxicillin 2000 mg/day for 2 weeks. To
all patients, repeated gastroscope was performed at 8 weeks and one-year after beginning therapy to record whether the ulcer
was cured. Endoscopic biopsy was also performed to determineH. pylori status. One year later,H. pylori positive patients had a higher ulcer recurrent rate thanH. pylori negative patients (23. 33% vs 2. 70%; P=0.001). Ulcer recurrence was closely related toH. pylori infection.H. pylori was the risk factor for ulcer relapse. 相似文献
17.
Zheng Hu-zhe Cui Chun-lan Zhang Yu-ting Wang Dan Jing Yu Kim Kil Yong 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(8):778-786
The activities of enzymes responsible for lignification in pepper, pre-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus
ofGlomus intraradices and/or infection with pathogenic strain ofPhytophthora capsici, and the biological control effect ofG. intraradices on Phytophthora blight in pepper were investigated. The experiment was carried out with four treatments: (1) plants pre-inoculated
withG. intraradices (Gi), (2) plants pre-inoculated withG. intraradices and then infected withP. capsici (Gi+Pc). (3) plants infected withP. capsici (Pc), and (4) plants without any of the two microorganisms (C). Mycorrhizal colonization rate was reduced by about 10% in
pathogen challenged plants. Root mortality caused by infection ofP. capsici was completely eliminated by pre-inoculation with antagonisticG. intraradices. On the ninth day after pathogen infection, Peroxidase (POD) activity increased by 116.9% in Pc-treated roots but by only
21.2% in Gi+Pc-treated roots, compared with the control, respectively. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
(PAL) activities gradually increased during the first 3 d and dramatically decreased in Pc-treated roots but slightly decreased
in Gi+Pc-treated roots, respectively. On the ninth day after pathogen infection, PPO and PAL decreased by 62.8% and 73.9%
in Pc-treated roots but by only 19.8% and 19.5% in Gi+Pc-treated roots, compared with the control, respectively. Three major
POD isozymes (45000, 53000 and 114000) were present in Pc-treated roots, while two major bands (53000 and 114000) and one
minor band (45000) were present in spectra of Gi+Pc-treated roots, the 45000 POD isozyme was significantly suppressed byG. intraradices, suggesting that the 45000 POD isozyme was induced by the pathogen infection but not induced by the antagonisticG. intraradices. A 60000 PPO isozyme was induced in Pc-treated roots but not induced in Gi+Pc-treated roots. All these results showed the
inoculation of antagonisticG. intraradices alleviates root mortality, activates changes of lignification-related enzymes and induces some of the isozymes in pepper
plants infected byP. capsici. The results suggested thatG. intraradices is a potentially effective protection agent againstP. capsici.
Project supported by Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through the Agricultural Plants Stress Research Center
(APSRC) at Chonnam National University, Korea 相似文献
18.
《我的马克思主义观》是李大钊成为马克思主义者的标志,是五四新文化运动的重要转折点,也是马克思主义在中国开始广泛传播的重要标志。有关论著对它的研究和提及很多,《李大钊全集》的编注者对其注解也较多。进一步研究起来,该文中需要探究的问题仍有不少。总起来看,李大钊的《我的马克思主义观》以日本社会主义学者河上肇的《马克思的社会主义理论体系》为重要蓝本,其关于马克思主义三个组成部分与一条“金线”的核心论断也出于河上肇此文;写作和定稿时间,应为1919年7月底到8月上旬,而不可能在1919年5月之前。 相似文献
19.
尖锐形式的恶是文学的表现。《洛丽塔》与《黑暗之地》这两部小说都用第一人称诚实地交流表达出对恶的严格道德上的认识,其中的主人公都涉及父女乱伦与强奸,在怪癖、丑陋的变态与病态空间里讨论人们尚不熟悉的恶的美学,表达了作者不同的创作主题。纳博科夫通过亨伯特与洛丽塔之间的畸形恋情描写探索了伦理道德世界的复杂人性;格伦维尔创造阿尔比恩的恶的形象充分说明了男权话语霸权对男女双方造成的身心伤害。 相似文献
20.
Wang ZF Wang JF Bao YM Wang FH Zhang HS 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(12):958-964
Seed vigor is an important characteristic of seed quality, and rice cultivars with strong seed vigor are desirable in direct-sowing
rice production for optimum stand establishment. In the present study, the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of three traits
for rice seed vigor during the germination stage, including germination rate, final germination percentage, and germination
index, were investigated using one recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between japonica Daguandao and indica IR28, and using the multiple interval mapping (MIM) approach. The results show that indica rice presented stronger seed vigor during the germination stage than japonica rice. A total of ten QTLs, and at least five novel alleles, were detected to control rice seed vigor, and the amount of variation
(R
2) explained by an individual QTL ranged from 7.5% to 68.5%, with three major QTLs with R
2>20%. Most of the QTLs detected here are likely to coincide with QTLs for seed weight, seed size, or seed dormancy, suggesting
that the rice seed vigor might be correlated with seed weight, seed size, and seed dormancy. At least five QTLs are novel
alleles with no previous reports of seed vigor genes in rice, and those major or minor QTLs could be used to significantly
improve the seed vigor by marker-assisted selection (MAS) in rice. 相似文献