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目的:分析等速离心训练对膝关节肌肉力量的影响。方法:11名健康大学生为受试对象。利用Biodex system-Ⅳ等速测试训练仪对受试者优势侧膝关节进行4周等速离心训练。训练方案为角速度60°/s、120°/s、180°/s三组,每个角速度下训练者做最大收缩5次,每组间隔休息30秒,2次/周。结果:受试者进行4周的离心训练,峰力矩(PK)在以60°/s、120°/s的角速度测试中有非常显著性变化(P<0.01),在以180°/s的角速度测试中有显著性变化(P<0.05)。总功(TW)在以60°/s、120°/s、180°/s角速度进行CON时,膝关节屈、伸肌的总功有非常显著性变化(P<0.01);以60°/s的角速度进行ECC测试时,屈、伸肌的总功呈现非常显著性变化(P<0.01),以120°/s、180°/s的角速度进行ECC测试时实验前后伸肌有非常显著性变化(P<0.01),而屈肌出现显著性变化(P<0.05)。屈伸肌力矩比值(H/Q)在以60°/s、120°/s、180°/s角速度进行CON时,出现显著性变化(P<0.05),以60°/s、120°/s的角速度进行ECC测试时,H/Q值有非常显著性变化(P<0.01),以180°/s的角速度进行ECC测试出现显著性变化(P<0.05)。结论:4周的等速离心训练对提高膝关节屈伸肌群肌肉力量以及屈伸肌力矩比值有显著性的作用,表明离心训练是一种行之有效的力量训练,并可有效地降低下肢运动损伤的发生。此研究结果为运动训练和体能康复训练提供重要的理论依据。 相似文献
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对30名受试者正常和“外八”两种落地姿态立定跳远成绩、走路步向角、踝关节内收、外展等动肌力测试,探讨“外八”姿态落地对立定跳远成绩的影响。结果发现：与正常姿态落地相比,立定跳远采用“外八”姿态落地对落地后身体稳定性的影响差异不具显著性;两种落地姿态的立定跳远成绩差异没有显著性;采用外八字姿态落地,50%(男8人,女7人)成绩下降,幅度为0.05 m,33.3%(男4人,女6人)成绩上升,幅度为0.07 m,百分率和升降幅度差异均不具显著性;采用外八字姿态落地立定跳远成绩升降幅度与步向角,踝关节快、慢速外展最大幅度均中等程度相关(P<0.05)。结果说明：与正常落地姿态相比,外八字落地姿态立定跳远的成绩升或降因人而异,与受试者步向角,踝关节快、慢速外展的最大幅度呈中等程度相关,步向角越小,踝关节外展最大幅度越大,采用外八字姿态落地立定跳远的成绩提高的几率越大。 相似文献
3.
利用德国ismoed-2000等速肌力测试与康复系统,对短跑运动员下肢膝关节进行60°/s、120°/s、240°/s不同角速度下等速向心收缩测试研究。结果表明:①膝关节左右两侧屈伸峰力矩随着角速度增加而减小,右侧峰力矩略大于左侧;膝关节左右两侧屈伸相对峰力矩随着角速度的增加而减小,右侧相对峰力矩较左侧小,但差异不显著;②膝关节左右两侧屈伸肌力平均功率随着角速度的增加而增加;除120°/s外,随着角速度增加而左右两侧屈伸肌平均功率差异显著;③膝关节左右两侧屈伸肌之比随着速度的增加而增大,但随着角速度的增加屈伸比没差异(除240°/s右侧屈伸比以外)。 相似文献
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目的:观察不同角速度重复训练期间腰背屈伸肌群等速向心运动时峰值力矩的变化规律.方法:利用瑞士产CON-TREX TP500型人体腰背肌力评估和训练系统,测评了8名体育教育专业健康男大学生进行三种角速度(45°/s、90°/s、135°/s)各13组重复训练期间(共39组)腰背屈伸肌群抛物线主动补偿模式下等速向心肌力指标.结果:1)在13组的重复训练期间,随着训练组数的增加,受试者的伸肌和屈肌峰值力矩均呈现先上升然后逐渐降低的趋势,于第7组(135°/s)时即出现显著性降低(P<0.05).2)在前6组重复测试中,三种速度下,第3组与第4组间的峰力矩值均高度相关.3)基于第3、4组的数据,45°/s时背伸肌群的峰值力矩显著性高于而屈/伸比则显著性低于90°/s及135°/s时的值(P<0.01).45°/s及90°/s运动时腰背屈伸肌群之间到达峰值力矩的平均角度存在有极显著性差异(P<0.01),而135°/s运动时二者则基本相同(P＞0.05).结论:腰背屈伸肌群等速向心康复训练时宜采用3～6组慢速或中速方式;等速力量评价时应以第3组或/和第4组的测试数据为基础进行评价. 相似文献
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目的:分析浙江师范大学投掷训练队优秀运动员腰背肌的生物力学特征,探讨投掷运动员的成绩与腰背屈伸肌群力量的关系,为投掷训练和易受伤部位的预防提供理论依据。方法:利用德国Isomed2000等速肌力测试系统进行核心力量等速肌力测试,测试严格按照Isomed2000等速测试系统使用手册的要求进行操作。结果:优秀投掷运动员腰背屈伸肌群等速向心收缩峰力矩随测试速度(30°/s~180°/s)的增加大体呈递减趋势,且随着角速度的增大,优秀投掷运动员的腰背屈伸肌群等速向心收缩峰力矩下降幅度(斜率K:伸-0.884小于屈-0.655)比普通人(K:伸-0.275小于屈-0.035)小,且优秀投掷运动员伸肌最大峰力矩的下降幅度要比屈肌小;在角速度为30°/s到120°/s时,最大功率随着给定角速度的增大而增大,在180°/s时又有所减小;腰背屈伸肌群峰力矩的角度在30°/s到180°/s时伸肌55.5°~58°大于屈肌的54.5°~56.25°,随着角速度的增大,大体呈上升趋势,在30°/s时峰力矩角度最小。 相似文献
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采用德国IsoMed 2000等速肌力测试仪，对17名健将（健将组）和18名一级（一级组）男子举重运动员进行双侧髋、膝和踝关节60°/s、120°/s、180°/s和240°/s向心、离心（每种角速度5次）测试。探讨优秀男子举重运动员下肢关节不同角速度等速肌力的特征，比较健将与一级组间差异，对健将组下肢关节相对峰力矩与相对专项成绩进行Pearson相关分析，并建立抓、挺举与峰力矩多元线性回归方程。结果显示，优秀男子举重运动员的髋关节相对伸爆发力与相对抓举呈高度显著正相关，髋关节中速（120°/s）、膝踝关节相对伸爆发力与相对抓举呈中度显著正相关，而踝关节相对屈绝对力呈中度显著负相关；髋关节相对伸爆发力与相对挺举呈高度显著正相关，左膝（挺举弓步腿）相对中速（120°/s）、爆发力和踝关节相对爆发力与相对挺举呈中度显著正相关。 相似文献
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通过对国家击剑队4个剑种18名重点运动员持剑手上肢肩、肘、腕三关节肌群进行等动肌力测定,研究优秀击剑运动员持剑手上肢三关节肌群的等速力学表现,发现薄弱肌群.结果发现,持剑手肩关节伸肌在快速下较屈肌力量增加更多(P＜0.05),伸肌更适合等张向心工作,屈/伸比在正常范围;持剑手肘关节,在60°/s、180°/s时屈肌均显著低于伸肌(P＜0.05),伸肌更适合快速工作;持剑位下,腕关节内收肌群小于外展肌群(P＜0.05),重剑运动员内收肌群在60°/s下显著高于花剑运动员(P＜0.05),240°/s下男子花剑运动员外展肌群显著高于男子重剑运动员(P＜0.05),但此时内收/外展比值重剑显著高于花剑(P＜0.05).说明击剑运动员持剑手侧肩关节、肘关节肌力与击剑刺和回收动作关系密切;重剑与花剑运动员腕内收、外展肌群肌力差别显著,可能是击剑运动员重要专项特征. 相似文献
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范育飞 《体育成人教育学刊》2011,27(4):69-70
利用Con-Trex等速肌力测试与训练系统,以180°/s、120°/s、60°/s的3种角速度对13名男子优秀自行车运动员和13名女子优秀自行车运动员左腿髋关节进行等速向心收缩测试。获得了相应的等速向心收缩的伸屈肌峰值力矩、伸屈肌总功、伸屈肌平均功率等指标,并结合项目特点分析各角速度下指标的差异。 相似文献
10.
我国优秀10m跳台男子运动员下肢肌肉力量特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以现役国家队4名10 m跳台运动员为研究对象,选取相对峰值力矩为评定指标,通过运用MERAC等速肌力测试系统,测试速度分别是60°/s和240°/s,对跳水运动员下肢髋、膝和踝关节主动肌群(伸肌群)的肌力特征进行综合研究,探讨高水平跳水运动员下肢主动肌群的特征.结果显示,下肢关节相对肌力矩水平高是完成高难跳台技术的基础之一;下肢各关节屈伸比值低,伸肌群力量明显大于屈肌群;动员髋关节快速屈伸的肌群的比例相对较高,而膝和踝关节快速屈伸时动员的肌群相对较少;膝关节左、右侧伸肌群力量接近,髋关节左侧大于右侧;随着测试速度的增加,髋关节在下肢总力矩的百分比增加. 相似文献
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The present study assessed the effects of training using electrostimulation of muscle (EMS) on the torque‐angular velocity and torque‐angle relationships, and the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the triceps surae. Twelve physical education students, divided into two groups (6 control, 6 experimental), participated in the experiment. The EMS sessions were undertaken using a ‘Compex‐type’ stimulator. Flexible elastomer electrodes were used. The current used discharged pulses lasting for 200 μs at a frequency of 70 Hz. The durations of contraction and rest were 5 and 15 s, respectively. The session lasted for 10 min for each muscle. The training regimen was three sessions per week for 4 weeks. Biomechanical tests were performed with the Biodex (Biodex Corporation, Shirley, NY, USA) isokinetic ergometer. Plantar flexions of the ankle over a concentric range of voluntary contractions were performed at different angular velocities (1.05, 2.10, 3.14, 4.20, 5.23 and 6.28 rad s‐1) and maximum voluntary isometric contractions were held for 5 s at several ankle flexion angles (–30°, –15°, 0° and 15°; 0° corresponds to foot flexion of 90° relative to the leg axis). The peak value of the torque was recorded. Morphological tests consisted of measuring the CSA of the triceps surae on the right leg, 15 cm below the tibial protuberance, by a computerized tomography technique. The torque‐velocity relationship was seen to shift significantly upwards after EMS training. The increase in the isometric torque observed after EMS training was greater in dorsiflexion than in plantarflexion. No change was noted in the CSA of the muscle. It appears that the increase in strength following EMS training is not related to an increase in the contractile matter. These observations show that EMS training for 4 weeks develops dynamic and static contractile properties of the muscle. Neural mechanisms may account for these adaptations. 相似文献
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Abstract Eighteen male subjects, ages 20–28 years, engaged in three fatigue bouts using an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex II). Maximum knee extension contractions were given for 100 s at a rate of 30 per minute. The three contraction speeds chosen were 120° · s –1 160° · s –1 and 200° · s –1.Peak torque at 120° · s –1 was significantly greater (p <.05) than at 200° · s –1 for the first 60 s, and 160° · s –1 for the first 50 s. Thereafter, no significant differences existed among conditions. All three curves were found to follow two-component exponential functions as shown by the equation yt =a 2 ek2t – a 1 ek1t + c. The three curves possessed similar rate constants for both components. Time to peak torque was achieved at similar times for testing at 160 and 200° · s –1 (p <.05). It is concluded that peak torque varies inversely with movement speed, and that the pattern of decrement is independent of movement speed. Time to peak torque does not appear to change significantly across trials in isokinetic fatigue. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):111-119
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in ankle joint stiffness and the associated changes in the gastrocnemius muscle and tendon due to static stretching. Seven healthy male participants lay supine with the hip and knee joints fully extended. The right ankle joint was rotated into dorsiflexion from a 30° plantar flexed position and the torque measured by a dynamometer. The ankle joint was maintained in a dorsiflexed position for 20 min (static stretching of the calf muscles). We performed surface electromyography of the medial and lateral gastrocnemii, the soleus, and the tibialis anterior of the right leg to confirm no muscle activity throughout static stretching and the passive test (passive dorsiflexion). During static stretching, the ankle joint angle and elongation of the gastrocnemius were recorded by goniometry and ultrasonography, respectively. Tendon elongation of the gastrocnemius was calculated based on the changes in the ankle joint angle and muscle elongation. In addition, the relationships between passive torques and ankle joint angles, and elongation of muscle and tendon, were examined before and after static stretching. The ankle dorsiflexion angle and tendon elongation increased significantly by 10 min after the onset of static stretching, while there was no further increase in muscle length. In addition, ankle dorsiflexion angle and tendon elongation at an identical passive torque (30 N · m) increased significantly (from 24±7° to 33±5° and from 17±2 mm to 22±1 mm, respectively) after static stretching. However, muscle elongation was unchanged. In conclusion, the current results suggest that an increase in the ankle joint dorsiflexion angle due to static stretching is attributable to a change in tendon not muscle stiffness. 相似文献
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Takamasa Mizuno 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(21):2157-2163
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of varying amounts of dynamic stretching (DS) on joint range of motion (ROM) and stiffness of the muscle–tendon unit (MTU). Fifteen healthy participants participated in four randomly ordered experimental trials, which involved one (DS1), four (DS4) and seven (DS7) sets of DS, or control conditions/seated at rest (CON). Each DS set consisted of 15 repetitions of an ankle dorsiflexion–plantarflexion movement. The displacement of the muscle–tendon junction (MTJ) was measured using ultrasonography while the ankle was passively dorsiflexed at 0.0174 rad · s?1 to its maximal dorsiflexion angle. Passive torque was also measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Ankle ROM was significantly increased after DS4 and DS7 compared with the pre-intervention values (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in ankle ROM between DS4 and DS7. No differences were observed in ankle ROM after DS1 and CON. In addition, the stiffness of the MTU, passive torque and displacement of the MTJ at submaximal dorsiflexion angles did not change in any of the experimental conditions. These results indicate that DS4 increased ankle ROM without changing the mechanical properties of the MTU, and that this increase in ankle ROM plateaued after DS4. 相似文献
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武晓莉 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(10):124-126
方法：利用CONTREX等速肌力测试与训练系统,以180°／s、120°／s、60°／s3种角速度对苏州市自行车训练队26名运动员右腿膝关节进行等速向心屈伸测试。目的：分析自行车运动员不同角速度下等速向心收缩与膝关节肌肌力的关系及肌力特征。结果：1、屈伸肌峰力矩随速度的增加呈减小趋势。2、到达峰力矩的时间随测试速度的增加而缩短。且男女运动员在180°／s与120°／s组间均无显著差异。3、膝关节相对平均功率伸肌均大于屈肌,120°／ts时,屈伸肌的相对平均功率最大。4、屈伸肌比在64．8％～70．6％内,有随速度增加而增加的趋势。结论：以60°／s的角速度训练肌肉最大力量效果更明显;爆发力在120°／s时训练效果最佳;屈／伸肌比值（H／Q）在正常范围内,但低于优秀运动员（优秀运动员可达80％以上）。 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2014,3(3):227-232
BackgroundThe majority of injuries reported in female basketball players are ankle sprains and mechanisms leading to injury have been debated. Investigations into muscular imbalances in barefoot versus shod conditions and their relationship with injury severity have not been performed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wearing athletic shoes on muscular strength and its relationship to lower extremity injuries, specifically female basketball players due to the high incidence of ankle injuries in this population.MethodsDuring pre-season, 11 female collegiate basketball players underwent inversion and eversion muscle strength testing using an isokinetic dynamometer in both a barefoot and shod conditions. The difference between conditions was calculated for inversion and eversion peak torque, time to peak torque as well as eversion-to-inversion peak torque percent strength ratio for both conditions. Lower extremity injuries were documented and ranked in severity. The ranked difference between barefoot and shod conditions for peak torque and time to peak torque as well as percent strength ratio was correlated with injury ranking using a Spearman rho correlation (ρ) with an α level of 0.05.ResultsThe ranked differences in barefoot and shod for peak eversion and inversion torque at 120°/s were correlated with their injury ranking. Ranking of the athletes based on the severity of injuries that were sustained during the season was found to have a strong, positive relationship with the difference in peak eversion torque between barefoot and shod (ρ = 0.78; p = 0.02).ConclusionIt is possible that a large discrepancy between strength in barefoot and shod conditions can predispose an athlete to injury. Narrowing the difference in peak eversion torque between barefoot and shod could decrease propensity to injury. Future work should investigate the effect of restoration of muscular strength during barefoot and shod exercise on injury rates. 相似文献
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Bruno Follmer Rodolfo André Dellagrana Luis Antonio Pereira de Lima Walter Herzog 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(23):2373-2379
Upper-body dynamic and isometric maximum strength are essential components for success in Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ). This study was aimed at analysing strength parameters in the elbow flexor and extensor muscles of BJJ practitioners. Participants (n = 28) performed maximum isometric contractions of elbow flexors and extensors to determine peak torque (PT), rate of force development (RFD), and the torque–angle (T–A) relationship at elbow angles of 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°, 105°, and 120°. Additionally, concentric and eccentric PTs were measured at 1.04 rad·s-1. Student t-test and ANOVA were performed using α = 0.05. Elbow flexors were stronger isometrically (P < 0.001, ES = 1.23) but weaker concentrically (P < 0.05, ES = 0.54) than extensor muscles, possibly because of the extensive grip disputes and pushing of opponents in BJJ. The T–A relationship had an inverted “U”-shape. Torque differences across elbow angles were moderate (ES = 0.62) for the extensor and large (ES = 0.92) for the flexor muscles. Isometric torque was greatest for elbow angles of 105° and 75° and smallest for 45° and 120° for extensor and flexor muscles, respectively. Elbow flexors had a greater RFD than extensors, regardless of elbow angle. The present study provides comprehensive results for elbow muscle strength in BJJ practitioners. 相似文献
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Marika Noorkõiv Kazunori Nosaka Anthony J. Blazevich 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(18):1952-1961
This study aims to (1) determine whether isometric training at a short vs. long quadriceps muscle length affects concentric torque production; (2) examine the relationship between muscle hypertrophy and concentric torque; and (3) determine whether changes in fascicle length are associated with changes in concentric torque.Sixteen men performed isometric training at a short (SL, n = 8) or a long muscle length (LL, n = 8). Changes in maximal concentric torque were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 rad · s?1. The relationships between the changes in concentric torque, cross-sectional area, volume and fascicle length were tested.Concentric torque increased significantly after training only in LL and at angular velocities of 30 and 120 rad · s?1 by 12–13% (P < 0.05). Muscle size increased in LL only, the changes were correlated (r = 0.73–0.93, P < 0.05) with the changes in concentric torque. Vastus lateralis (VL) fascicle length increased in both groups (5.4 ± 4.9%, P = 0.001) but the change was not correlated with changes in concentric torque in either group.Isometric training-induced increases in muscle size and concentric torque were best elicited by training at long muscle lengths. These results highlight a clear muscle length dependence of isometric training on dynamic torque production. 相似文献