共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
跳高、排球运动员膝关节屈伸肌群生物力学的特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过应用Cybex-6000等速测试系统对22名排球运动员和28名跳高运动员膝关节肌力进行等速向心肌力测试,以探讨排球、跳高两个不同项目运动员膝关节屈伸等速肌力特征及差别.测试结果表明:跳高运动员优势腿、非优势腿股四头肌相对峰力矩在360(o)/s和90(o)/s上均大于排球运动员;而排球运动员腘绳肌相对峰力矩与跳高运动员无明显差异,排球运动员双侧腘绳肌峰力矩(90(o)/s)差异程度显著小于跳高运动员;排球运动员在90(o)/s的速度下测得的股四头肌与胭绳肌峰力矩比值(H/Q)要显著低于跳高运动员,随着角速度的变化(90~360(o)/s),排球运动员和跳高运动员股四头肌与胭绳肌峰力矩比值(H/Q)均随之增大. 相似文献
2.
排球、足球运动员膝关节等速向心肌力测试比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
韦斌斌 《西安体育学院学报》2010,27(5)
通过应用Cybex-6000等速测试系统对28名排球运动员和46名足球运动员(5名守门员、16名后卫、15名中场、10名前锋)膝关节肌力进行测试,以探讨排球、足球两个不同项目运动员膝关节肌力特征及差别.测试结果表明:排球运动员优势腿、非优势腿股四头肌峰力矩在360 °/s和90 °/s上均大于足球运动员,而排球运动员腘绳肌峰力矩与足球运动员无明显差异;而排球运动员双侧腘绳肌峰力矩(90 °/s)差异程度显著小于足球运动员;排球运动员在90 °/s的速度下测得的股四头肌/腘绳肌峰力矩比值(H/Q)要显著低于足球运动员随着角速度的增快(90 °/s→360 °/s),并且排球运动员和足球运动员股四头肌/腘绳肌峰力矩比值(H/Q)均随之增大;没有发现不同位置的球员之间膝关节等速肌力测试结果存在很大差异. 相似文献
3.
4.
CybexⅡ~+测试中膝关节腘绳肌与股四头肌力矩峰值比率问题初探 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对不同运动项目的男女青少年运动员84人进行CybexⅡ~+等速膝关节屈伸测试,发现随着测试速度的提高,腘绳肌与股四头肌力矩峰值比率也相应上升。各项目上升幅度有所不同:以膝关节伸屈动作为主、腿部动作负荷愈大、动作速度愈快的项目,该比率上升幅度愈大。 相似文献
5.
青少年男子短跑运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
目的：通过对36名二级青少年男子短跑运动员双侧膝关节进行等速测试，探析青少年短跑运动员膝关节向心屈伸肌群的生物力学特性．为运动训练、科学选材及临床康复等提供理论依据。方法：利用Kinitech等速康复肌力测试系统对青少年男子短跑运动员膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试。结果：青少年男子短跑运动员双侧膝关节屈伸峰力矩随测试速度的增加呈递减趋势，且膝伸肌大于膝屈肌（P〈0．05），峰力矩屈伸比（V／E）随给定测试速度的增加呈递增趋势；最大功率随测试速度的增大而增加，同一测试速度下屈、伸肌群最大功率无明显差异，左、右侧相比也无显著性差异（600／s伸肌除外）；屈伸肌群达峰力矩的角度（APT）表现为伸肌角度明显低于屈肌角度，随速度增加左右两侧膝关节达峰力矩的角度无显著差异：双侧膝关节屈伸肌群达峰力矩的时间（TPT）随测试速度的增加而减小，同一测试速度下伸肌达峰力矩的时间大于屈肌；右侧膝关节屈肌相对峰力矩（PT／BM）与下肢形态学指标表现出不同程度的正相关。结论：青少年男子短跑运动员膝关节峰力矩变化规律与成年人相一致，但左右侧膝关节屈伸肌群做功能力发展不平衡，屈伸肌群运动达峰力矩角度、达峰力矩的时间存在显著差异。 相似文献
6.
青少年男子篮球运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
葛卫忠 《山东体育学院学报》2010,26(3)
通过对36名二级青少年男子篮球运动员双侧膝关节进行等速测试,探析青少年篮球运动员膝关节向心屈伸肌群的生物力学特性,为运动训练、科学选材及临床康复等提供理论依据.方法:利用 Kinitech等速康复肌力测试系统,对青少年男子篮球运动员膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试.结果表明:青少年男子篮球运动员双侧膝关节屈伸峰力矩随测试速度的增加呈递减趋势,且膝伸肌大于膝屈肌(P<0.05),峰力矩屈伸比(F/E)随给定测试速度的增加呈递增趋势;最大功率随测试速度的增大而增加,同一测试速度下屈、伸肌群最大功率无明显差异,左、右侧相比也无显著性差异(60°/s伸肌除外);屈伸肌群达峰力矩的角度(APT)表现为伸肌角度明显低于屈肌角度,随速度增加左右两侧膝关节达峰力矩的角度无显著差异;双侧膝关节屈伸肌群达峰力矩的时间(TPT)随测试速度的增加而减小,同一测试速度下伸肌达峰力矩的时间大于屈肌;右侧膝关节屈肌相对峰力矩(PT/BM)与下肢形态学指标表现出不同程度的正相关.本研究结论,青少年男子篮球运动员膝关节峰力矩变化规律与成年人相一致,但左右侧膝关节屈伸肌群做功能力发展不平衡,屈伸肌群运动达峰力矩角度、达峰力矩的时间存在显著差异. 相似文献
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为了解我国高水平女子散打运动员不同赛前时期膝关节屈伸肌等动力量的水平与特征,选择上海体育学院女子散打运动员19名作为研究对象,选取整个赛前集训中一个周期的训练作为训练周期,按经典分期理论进行训练分期。等速肌力的测试采用CONTREX等动测试系统,以向心和离心60°/s的恒定角速度下进行右膝关节测试,同时测试0.2s快速屈伸时的最大伸肌力矩。研究结果:优秀女子散打运动员屈肌相对峰力矩值是(1.13±0.15)Nm/kg,伸肌相对峰力矩值为(2.11±0.33)Nm/kg,屈伸肌力矩比值是(53.0±4.0)%,比赛期达到最高值。健将级女子散打运动员的0.2s最大相对屈肌力矩为(1.053±0.207)Nm/kg,伸肌相对最大力矩健将级为(1.795±0.295)Nm/kg。结论:运动员水平越高,膝关节屈肌力量越高,屈伸肌力矩比值越大,不同赛期屈肌力量不同,比赛期达到最高。 相似文献
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目的：分析正脚背踢球动作中下肢和腘绳肌生物力学特征参数,探讨踢球动作腘绳肌拉伤危险时相,同时探究腘绳肌和股四头肌力量素质与踢球动作下肢和腘绳肌生物力学特征的关系,进一步明确踢球动作中腘绳肌拉伤机制。方法：以15名足球专项国家一级运动员为受试者,采集180(°)/s动作角速度下的等速腘绳肌向心(Hcon)、腘绳肌离心(Hecc)、股四头肌向心峰值力矩(Qcon);采集受试者最大力正脚背踢球动作运动学和肌电数据,根据腘绳肌肌肉起止点和髋、膝关节中心的相对位置获得肌肉起止点坐标,从而获得腘绳肌3块双关节肌肌肉-肌腱复合体(muscle-tendon unit,MTU)长度,以MTU拉伸速度和标准化MTU长度为分析指标。采用样条插值法对各指标按踢球动作周期阶段进行3次归一化处理。结果：腘绳肌3块双关节肌在正脚背踢球动作小腿前摆阶段和触球随摆阶段处于激活状态并被拉长,进行离心收缩;触球随摆阶段3块双关节MTU拉伸速度、肌标准化MTU长度、肌肉激活程度均显著大于小腿前摆阶段(P<0.05),标准化MTU长度在触球随摆阶段中期达... 相似文献
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<正> 腘绳肌系指大腿后部的半腱半膜股二头肌,其急性损伤多见于跑、跳运动员。其拉伤后一般轻者10天才能恢复训练,而严重拉伤者反复停训可延续一年以上,治疗不易彻底,常常造成肌肉索条状或瘢痕,影响运动训练和运动成绩的提高。我们采用斜刺法加体外反搏治疗腘绳肌严重拉伤1例,仅用7天患者就完全恢复训练,15天后可参加正式比赛并提高运动成绩。此法明显优于单纯性针刺或体外反搏治疗运动性腘绳肌损伤。 相似文献
10.
男子短跑运动员上下肢关节力矩的研究 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
为科学评价运动员专项力量的发展水平,寻找适应短跑运动要求的合理的各关节肌肉力矩比率,科学地制定统一量化的专项力量评价指标,采用等速肌力测试系统,对男子儿童、少年、少体校运动员和青年运动员的髋、膝、肩关节肌力进行了测试研究。结果表明:各组髋、膝、肩关节屈伸肌的峰力矩、相对峰力矩随测试角速度的增大而逐渐减小;屈伸肌的峰力矩比值则随测试角速度的增大而逐渐增大;各组左、右膝关节的伸肌快速力与绝对力量的比值均值小于屈肌,特别是运动员和少体校组差异明显;各组左、右髋关节的伸肌快速力与绝对力比值均大于屈肌;以髋关节为基准求出各髋、膝、肩关节在60°/s时相对峰力矩的比值,运动员与儿童组相比膝关节平均比值增幅较大,而肩关节同比增幅较小。 相似文献
11.
Joel T. Cramer Travis W. Beck Terry J. Housh Laurie L. Massey Sarah M. Marek Suzanne Danglemeier 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):687-698
Abstract The aims of this study were to examine the acute effects of static stretching on peak torque, work, the joint angle at peak torque, acceleration time, isokinetic range of motion, mechanomyographic amplitude, and electromyographic amplitude of the rectus femoris during maximal concentric isokinetic leg extensions at 1.04 and 5.23 rad · s?1 in men and women. Ten women (mean ± s: age 23.0 ± 2.9 years, stature 1.61 ± 0.12 m, mass 63.3 ± 9.9 kg) and eight men (age 21.4 ± 3.0 years, stature 1.83 ± 0.11 m, mass 83.1 ± 15.2 kg) performed maximal voluntary concentric isokinetic leg extensions at 1.04 and 5.23 rad · s?1. Following the initial isokinetic tests, the dominant leg extensors were stretched using four static stretching exercises. After the stretching, the isokinetic tests were repeated. Peak torque, acceleration time, and electromyographic amplitude decreased (P≤ 0.05) from pre- to post-stretching at 1.04 and 5.23 rad · s?1; there were no changes (P > 0.05) in work, joint angle at peak torque, isokinetic range of motion, or mechanomyographic amplitude. These findings indicate no stretching-related changes in the area under the angle – torque curve (work), but a significant decrease in peak torque, which suggests that static stretching may cause a “flattening” of the angle – torque curve that reduces peak strength but allows for greater force production at other joint angles. These findings, in conjunction with the increased limb acceleration rates (decreased acceleration time) observed in the present study, provide tentative support for the hypothesis that static stretching alters the angle – torque relationship and/or sarcomere shortening velocity. 相似文献
12.
对2007-2012年间广东省集体小球类项目(手球、曲棍球、垒球)运动损伤后等速肌力康复效果进行归纳总结。应用等速肌力测试系统为广东集体小球项目运动员提供了419人次5 872关节次等速康复训练,康复前后进行角速度为60°/s的膝、肩关节等速肌力测试,以及角速度为30°/s的踝关节等速肌力测试,结果发现:(1)膝关节损伤发生率最高,达到60.88%,踝、肩也是损伤多发部位,整体看来,下肢损伤发生率高于上肢。(2)各项目运动员经过一段时间的等速康复训练后,关节等速肌力得到显著提高。结论:(1)在集体小球项目中,运动损伤发生部位与运动专项特点密切相关,损伤发生率从高到低依次为膝、踝、肩、腰背、髋。(2)等速肌力康复作为一种康复手段,在集体小球项目运动员运动损伤过程中效果明显,提供了客观可靠的量化指标。 相似文献
13.
Juliano Dal Pupo Saray Giovana Dos Santos 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2014,13(4):332-340
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a simulated futsal match protocol on isokinetic knee torque production. Twenty-one young futsal players participated in this study and performed a futsal-specific protocol comprising two blocks of 20-minute activities to simulate the match demands. At pre-protocol, half-time, and post-protocol, the concentric and eccentric isokinetic peak torque of the knee flexor and extensor muscles, the angle of peak torque, and the conventional and functional torque ratios were assessed. ANOVA was used to compare the variables (significance level p < 0.05). A decrease of knee flexor and extensor eccentric torque and knee flexor concentric torque was found, in which the pre-protocol levels were higher than those at half-time, with both being larger than those at post-protocol. The knee extensor concentric torque reduced at half-time. The angle of eccentric torque of knee flexors increased, and the conventional and functional torque ratios decreased at post-protocol. In conclusion, the protocol produced a time-dependent reduction of knee flexor and extensor torque in both concentric and eccentric actions. These findings suggested a possible impairment of performance and the emergence of risk factors for hamstring strains during a futsal match. 相似文献
14.
The aim of this study was to assess isokinetic torque, work and power between non-injured, ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)-deficient and ACL-reconstructed individuals. Ten healthy, non-injured individuals, seven unilateral ACL-deficient individuals and six unilateral ACL-reconstructed individuals were assessed for isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring strength at 1.05 and 3.14 rad ·s -1 . Peak torque, total work, average power and the ratio of peak torque to body mass were computed for both velocities. Peak torque was also corrected for body mass, using allometric modelling. The non-injured individuals showed significantly greater quadriceps peak torque to body mass ratios than the ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructed individuals at both velocities, and greater hamstring peak torque to body mass ratios than the ACL-deficient group at 3.14 rad · s -1 ( P ? 0.05). The ACL-deficient individuals displayed greater quadriceps and hamstring peak torque, total work and average power than the non-injured individuals at 1.05 rad · s -1 ( P ? 0.05). The ACL-deficient individuals also displayed significantly greater peak torque, total work and average power than the ACL-reconstructed individuals for the quadriceps at both velocities ( P ? 0.05). The ACL-deficient individuals demonstrated greater hamstring peak torque and total work than the non-injured individuals at both velocities ( P ? 0.05). The allometrically modelled peak torques at both isokinetic velocities demonstrated that the quadriceps muscle values were significantly higher in the non-involved than the involved limb. The hamstring peak torques corrected for body mass were significantly higher in the non-involved than the involved limb only at 1.05 rad ·s -1 . The main finding from the present study is that isokinetic measures in ratio-scaled or absolute units yield a different outcome and, hence, interpretation compared with the allometric approach. 相似文献
15.
The aim of this study was to assess isokinetic torque, work and power between non-injured, ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)-deficient and ACL-reconstructed individuals. Ten healthy, non-injured individuals, seven unilateral ACL-deficient individuals and six unilateral ACL-reconstructed individuals were assessed for isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring strength at 1.05 and 3.14 rad.s-1. Peak torque, total work, average power and the ratio of peak torque to body mass were computed for both velocities. Peak torque was also corrected for body mass, using allometric modelling. The non-injured individuals showed significantly greater quadriceps peak torque to body mass ratios than the ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructed individuals at both velocities, and greater hamstring peak torque to body mass ratios than the ACL-deficient group at 3.14 rad.s-1 (P < 0.05). The ACL-deficient individuals displayed greater quadriceps and hamstring peak torque, total work and average power than the non-injured individuals at 1.05 rad.s-1 (P < 0.05). The ACL-deficient individuals also displayed significantly greater peak torque, total work and average power than the ACL-reconstructed individuals for the quadriceps at both velocities (P < 0.05). The ACL-deficient individuals demonstrated greater hamstring peak torque and total work than the non-injured individuals at both velocities (P < 0.05). The allometrically modelled peak torques at both isokinetic velocities demonstrated that the quadriceps muscle values were significantly higher in the non-involved than the involved limb. The hamstring peak torques corrected for body mass were significantly higher in the non-involved than the involved limb only at 1.05 rad.s-1. The main finding from the present study is that isokinetic measures in ratio-scaled or absolute units yield a different outcome and, hence, interpretation compared with the allometric approach. 相似文献
16.
青年男子足球运动员膝关节肌力特征与损伤的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用等速测力技术探讨青年足球运动员膝关节屈伸肌群肌力特征与损伤的关系。结果显示,无论慢速运动还是快速运动条件下,均表现出运动员膝关节优势侧与非优势侧屈伸肌力的显著差异性,膝关节屈伸峰力矩比值和平均功率比值随运动速度增加而增大的趋势。提示,以上结果符合青年足球运动员惯用腿踢球的运动习惯,是随着运动年限的延长容易发生膝关节及屈伸肌群损伤的重要原因,因此,我们推断早期注重膝关节前后及双侧肌力的均衡发展是预防足球运动中膝关节损伤的有效措施。 相似文献
17.
通过分析青年男子举重运动员肘关节屈伸肌群的力量参数，探讨肘关节屈伸肌群在举重专项训练中的作用，为预防肘关节损伤及科学训练提供理论依据。采用Cybex—Norm型等速测力与康复系统，在预定角速度90°／s．180°／s和300°／s下对上海举重队9名青年男子举重运动员肘关节进行等速向心屈伸肌力测试。结果发现举重运动员肘关节屈伸肌群相对峰力矩、相对总劝和相对平均功率随着运动速度的增大而减小，屈伸肌群峰力矩比值接近1．0。表明举重项目中肘关节屈伸肌群主要功能是维持运动中关节的稳定性，而两侧肘关节同名肌群肌力素质的不均衡性可能是阻碍专项能力韦黾高的重要因素和诱发运动性伤病的潜在因素。 相似文献
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Cramer JT Beck TW Housh TJ Massey LL Marek SM Danglemeier S Purkayastha S Culbertson JY Fitz KA Egan AD 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(6):687-698
The aims of this study were to examine the acute effects of static stretching on peak torque, work, the joint angle at peak torque, acceleration time, isokinetic range of motion, mechanomyographic amplitude, and electromyographic amplitude of the rectus femoris during maximal concentric isokinetic leg extensions at 1.04 and 5.23 rad x s(-1) in men and women. Ten women (mean +/- s: age 23.0 +/- 2.9 years, stature 1.61 +/- 0.12 m, mass 63.3 +/- 9.9 kg) and eight men (age 21.4 +/- 3.0 years, stature 1.83 +/- 0.11 m, mass 83.1 +/- 15.2 kg) performed maximal voluntary concentric isokinetic leg extensions at 1.04 and 5.23 rad x s(-1). Following the initial isokinetic tests, the dominant leg extensors were stretched using four static stretching exercises. After the stretching, the isokinetic tests were repeated. Peak torque, acceleration time, and electromyographic amplitude decreased (P< or = 0.05) from pre- to post-stretching at 1.04 and 5.23 rad . s(-1); there were no changes (P > 0.05) in work, joint angle at peak torque, isokinetic range of motion, or mechanomyographic amplitude. These findings indicate no stretching-related changes in the area under the angle - torque curve (work), but a significant decrease in peak torque, which suggests that static stretching may cause a "flattening" of the angle - torque curve that reduces peak strength but allows for greater force production at other joint angles. These findings, in conjunction with the increased limb acceleration rates (decreased acceleration time) observed in the present study, provide tentative support for the hypothesis that static stretching alters the angle - torque relationship and/or sarcomere shortening velocity. 相似文献
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BackgroundHamstring injury is one of the most common injuries in sports involving sprinting. Hamstring flexibility and strength are often considered to be modifiable risk factors in hamstring injury. Understanding the effects of hamstring flexibility or strength training on the biomechanics of the hamstring muscles during sprinting could assist in improving prevention strategies and rehabilitation related to these injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of altering hamstring flexibility or strength on peak hamstring musculotendinous strain during sprinting.MethodsA total of 20 male college students (aged 18–24 years) participated and were randomly assigned to either a flexibility intervention group or a strength intervention group. Each participant executed exercise training 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Flexibility, sprinting, and isokinetic strength testing were performed before and after the 2 interventions. Paired t tests were performed to determine hamstring flexibility or strength intervention effects on optimal hamstring musculotendinous lengths and peak hamstring musculotendinous strains during sprinting.ResultsParticipants in the flexibility intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of the semimembranosus and biceps long head (p ≤ 0.026) and decreased peak musculotendinous strains in all 3 bi-articulate hamstring muscles (p ≤ 0.004). Participants in the strength-intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of all 3 hamstring muscles (p ≤ 0.041) and significantly decreased their peak musculotendinous strain during sprinting (p ≤ 0.017).ConclusionIncreasing hamstring flexibility or strength through exercise training may assist in reducing the risk of hamstring injury during sprinting for recreational male athletes. 相似文献