共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
M.R. Yeadon 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):199-208
A simulation model and a rigid body model are used to investigate twisting initiated during the take‐off or contact phase. It is shown that it is possible to produce a full twist solely by building up angular momentum in the arms during the contact phase. This method is only half as effective as building up momentum in the whole body during contact. The introduction of twist into a somersault changes the somersault rate by less than 1%. By timing arm adduction appropriately, it is possible to take advantage of nutation and boost the initial value of the tilt angle and so obtain a greater twist rate. Twist may be stopped by the action of piking, since the motion changes from the twisting mode to the wobbling mode of rigid body motion. Transition to and from these two modes can be used to increase or decrease the tilt angle and twist rate. 相似文献
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Bethany Shifflett Carl Timm Leamor Kahanov 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):357-362
Abstract The electrogoniometer was used to study locomotion and some athletic movements. Motion patterns for the knee and ankle joint were established for walking and running on the horizontal and for walking up and downhill. Changing the inclination of the walking surface produced alterations of the knee and ankle goniograms which were consistent with body mechanics necessary to adjust to the respective grades. Knee and ankle goniograms are presented for the back handspring, front somersault, and back somersault. An electrogoniometer was waterproofed and used to obtain goniograms during the performance of three swimming strokes. Goniograms are also presented for throwing a baseball and putting the shot. 相似文献
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Pui W. Kong 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):537-543
Abstract A modelling approach was used in the present study to investigate the role of the hip muscles during the come-out of forward and inward multiple somersaulting dives in a pike position. A planar two-segment model was used to simulate the somersault and come-out of three commonly performed dives from a 3-m springboard: forward two-and-one-half somersault pike dive (105B), forward three-and-one-half somersault pike dive (107B), and inward two-and-one-half somersault pike dive (405B). Three simulations were run for each dive: (1) hip angle was constrained to be constant, (2) hip torque was removed after 0.1 s, and (3) hip angle was constrained to a typical come-out time history used by elite divers. Simulation results indicated that hip flexion torque was required both to maintain a rigid pike position during somersault (range = 205.5–282.3 Nm) and to control the hip extension movement during the come-out (peak torque range = 355.8–548.1 Nm) in forward and inward multiple somersaulting dives. Coaches and divers should be aware that dry-land exercise drills producing hip extension movement by concentric actions of the hip extensor muscles do not replicate the neuromuscular control during the come-out of fast rotating dives. 相似文献
5.
世界女子自由体操技术发展的新动向
———第39 届世界体操锦标赛分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
通过对第39届世锦赛8名自由体操优秀选手完成的成套A分动作难度、编排连接方式及完成等情况的统计、对比,发现:使用"E组以上"更高难度的空翻,及发展和运用具有0.2分连接价值的"技巧空翻串",并采用稳定性较高的"D组以上"难度的空翻及连接为结束,是当今世界女子自由体操动作技术发展的新趋向。而在满足规则对舞蹈类动作要求的前提下,以相对较多的高难度技巧空翻,结合C组难度的舞蹈类跳步或加转体等动作,来配置10个最高难度的动作获取更高的A分价值,将是女子自由体操成套A分动作类型选择的新动向。 相似文献
6.
周子章 《天津体育学院学报》1995,10(3):59-62
根据人体完成空翻动作的姿势、翻转周数、转体度数、翻转方向确定了空翻和空翻转体动作的种类及其发展变化规律，初步形成了空翻和空翻转体动作较系统的理论，为教学、训练补充了空翻和空翻转体动作方面的理论内容，并为运动员选择、开发空翻和空翻转体动作提供了依据。 相似文献
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This paper introduces the first stage of a new model-based approach to three-dimensional (3D) human movement tracking. A ‘generate-and-test’
matching procedure was adopted by matching rendered images of a 3D computer graphics model of the human body to target images
of rigid body motion. The set of pixels to be compared were just those corresponding to the model of the body in the rendered
images. The matching criterion to optimize model position and orientation was based on the minimisation of the RGB (red-green-blue)
colour difference between generated model images and associated target images. The method was able to track synthetic image
sequences of a half twisting somersault accurately with root-mean-square (rms) errors of less than 5 mm and 0.3∘ for position
and orientation estimates respectively. The suitability of the proposed approach for rigid body motion tracking was supported
by additional tracking experiments on video image sequences of ‘wooden cross’ trajectories. Comparisons of tracked estimates
against manual digitizing estimates returned relatively small rms difference values on both side somersault and twisting somersault
movements. The proposed approach has the potential to track video images of a human torso using a rigid body model and hence
to track articulated movements by successively adding segments to the model in a hierarchical manner. 相似文献
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我国优秀蹦床运动员网上非技术性位移的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用文献资料、现场观察、专家访谈、数理统计等研究方法 ,对我国高水平蹦床运动员网上水平位移现象进行初步研究。认为位移过大是影响成套动作稳定性及动作质量的重要因素之一 ;位移过大与起跳技术和连接技术不合理有关 ,也与运动员原有项目技能的负迁移影响有关 ;网上位移表现为一定的方向性 ,向前空翻类动作的水平位移略小于向后空翻类动作的位移。 相似文献
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自由体操前手翻动作技术现状及其发展分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
陈德全 《西安体育学院学报》1999,16(3):38-41
前手翻在自由体操前空翻类动作发展方面具有较大的潜力。通过教学实践和各技术环节力学原理与传统技术的对照分析,认为：用先进技术取代传统技术,是发展前空翻类高难动作,把握自由体操制胜因素的重要条件。 相似文献
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Edvard Kolar Katarina Andlovic Kolar Stanko Štuhec 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(1):69-78
Abstract The aim of our research was to study the relationships between performance variables in a support backward swing (SBS), which was used as a progressive step in the learning procedure for a 1#fr1/4> straddle‐piked front somersault and the swing prior to a 1#fr1/4> straddle‐piked front somersault from support to bent arm support on the parallel bars (5/4S). Mitja Petkov?ek, parallel bars gold medallist at the 2000 EC in Bremen, performed these elements. Kinematic analysis involved CMAS software (Praha, 1993), and the Suskana body segment model that has 17 points and 15 segments. Kinetic variables were estimated using 2D IMGIM software, which has 8 points and 6 segments (Colja and ?uk, 1994). The results indicated that some kinematic aspects of the two types of swings were similar but there were important differences in kinetic aspects of the motion. During the swing for the 5/4S, force and torque were higher than in the SBS. 相似文献
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David Zahradnik Daniel Jandacka Gabriela Beinhauerova Joseph Hamill 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(20):2367-2373
ABSTRACT The lateral tilt of the arms accompanied by trunk lateral tilt is a typical blocking manoeuvre in volleyball. However, during this unanticipated blocking movement, an associated risk of ACL injury may result. The aim of the present study was to compare associative ACL risk factors at the initial contact and the first and second peak of VGRF during an unanticipated blocking movement with different arm positions. Synchronized kinematic and kinetic data were collected for each trial of each condition. Student paired t-tests and effect size were used to determine differences between two conditions (S – with arms straight up from the body) and (T – with the arms and trunk laterally tilted). The results showed that the T condition significantly decreases knee flexion, increases VGRF at the foot contact, first peak force and increases the valgus moment at the first peak force. The values of the associated risk factors for a non-contact ACL injury appear to be related to the tilted arm position accompanied by trunk tilt towards to right lower limb during landing. The players should be taught to land with greater knee flexion and, if possible, a double-leg landing to decrease right lower limb loading during the blocking manoeuvre. 相似文献
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蹦床前屈三周转体540度动作的跟踪诊断 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
应用摄像电脑分析诊断等运动生物力学手段,为提高国家队重点运动员叶帅前屈三周转体540度动作的准确性和稳定性,提供技术诊断科技服务。结果表明:增加腾空高度,准确把握团身和展体时机,加快前半程空翻和转体速度,提高了动作质量和成功率。 相似文献
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本文通过录像观察法,数理统计法,文献资料法等方法对东京奥运周期三届世界体操锦标赛男子单杠决赛前8名运动员的有效技术动作进行分析。结果显示:东京奥运周期出现难度价值为0.8分,0.9分的超难动作,发展单个难度价值是东京奥运周期的不变的主题;飞行动作使用比重增加,飞行连接动作日趋成熟,3连飞动作不断出现,克罗地亚选手斯尔比克成功完成4连飞;下法以直体后空翻两周转体720°为主;完成质量有所提升,落地稳定性不足。 相似文献
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本文对高难女子跳马动作土冢原直体后空翻转体720°的两种不同技术进行比较分析,发现技术的关键在于推手动作.文中标明了两种技术动作各自重要的技术参数,并根据分析与比较提出了选择的建议. 相似文献
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运用生物力学原理分析体操的落地技术 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
运用生物力学原理，以后空翻和前空翻类落地为例，分析了体操的落地动作的理论根据，即落地站称的基本条件是人体平衡站立时的平衡角的大小；必要而充分的条件是合外力矩能量小于最大限度的恢复能量，且合外力不等于零，落地时人体本身的缓冲和垫子的缓冲；落地顶角的大小应当与重心势物线与地面的夹角相等。由此对落地动作技术提出了相应的要求。 相似文献
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前手翻是连接空翻与空翻动作之间的一个基本动作．由运动学分析证明了前手翻动作中的蹬摆腿，推手和翻转技术能够产生出较大的水平速度，通过制动起跳技术可以使水平速度快速转换，垂直速度迅速提高，从而保证了完成动作的质量和空翻动作之间的连接速度。 相似文献
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James H. Mccormick Perla Subbaiah Harvey J. Arnold 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):313-322
Abstract This article presents a method to analyze the scoring of judges in springboard diving by identifying some of the components of a dive which are useful in predicting the scores of the judges. A videotape recording of 26 divers doing the front dive half-twist was made at the 1979 men's A.A.U. prequalifying meet, held at Ohio State University. The method of measurement involved the use of clear plastic grids placed over the video monitor. The maximum height of the diver above the board, distance out from the board, size and duration of splash, numerous body angles at various times during the dive, as well as deviation of twist from 180 degrees were measured. A Stepwise Multiple Regression program was used to generate a prediction equation using a subset of these variables which would best predict the total score of the judges for each dive. The equation generated included height, distance, twist, and lower body angle at the point when the diver's head was opposite the board; the equation predicted the scores of the judges with a multiple correlation coefficient R = .80. The particular variables identified would of course be different for other types of dives, and might very well differ for a new set of data for the front dive half twist. However, the method presented provides the diving community with a procedure for identifying some of the components in a particular dive that partially explain what is in the judge's mind. 相似文献
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运用文献资料法、录像观察法和数理统计法,对参加第49届世界体操锦标赛的前8名单杠决赛运动员成套动作的编排特征进行研究。结果显示:(1)成套动作选择以Ⅱ、Ⅲ组动作为主,动作难度集中趋向C、D、E三个组别,A、B组动作使用数量锐减,并向着F、G、H组更高难度动作不断努力;(2)第Ⅰ组动作中大回环转体类动作成为首选,第Ⅱ组动作形成特卡切夫类、马尔凯洛夫类、空翻越杠类"三足鼎立"局面,第Ⅲ组动作中穿衍生动作为主体,正、反掏类动作使用稳定,第Ⅳ组下法仍未打破直体后空翻两周转体类动作的垄断局面;(3)"特卡切夫类+特卡切夫类"仍为编排主流,"马凯洛夫类+马凯洛夫类"成为编排亮点,"空翻越杠类+空翻越杠类"成为编排"杀手锏",连接串由"二连飞"向"三、四连飞"跨越发展,使动作连接技术更具惊险性、欣赏性、创新性。 相似文献