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1.
A notational analysis of singles events at all four Grand Slam tournaments between 1997 and 1999 was conducted to determine the influence of the sex of the player and court surface on elite tennis strategy. Rallies of 7.1 ± 2.0 s in women's singles were significantly longer than those in men's singles (5.2 ± 1.8 s P < 0.001). Rallies of 6.3 ± 1.8 s at the Australian Open, 7.7 ± 1.7 s at the French Open, 4.3 ± 1.6 s at Wimbledon and 5.8 ± 1.9 s at the US Open were recorded. Rallies were significantly longer at the French Open than at any other tournament ( P < 0.05) and significantly shorter at Wimbledon than at any other tournament ( P < 0.05). In women's singles, 52.8 ± 12.4% of points were baseline rallies, significantly more than in men's singles (28.6 ± 19% P < 0.001). The proportion of baseline rallies played at the French Open (51.9 ± 14.2% of points) was significantly greater than at the Australian Open (46.6 ± 12.5%), Wimbledon (19.7 ± 19.4%) and the US Open (35.4 ± 19.5% P < 0.05). The results show that both the sex of the player and surface of the court have a significant influence on the nature of singles tennis at Grand Slam tournaments. 相似文献
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A notational analysis of elite tennis strategy 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
A notational analysis of singles events at all four Grand Slam tournaments between 1997 and 1999 was conducted to determine the influence of the sex of the player and court surface on elite tennis strategy. Rallies of 7.1 +/- 2.0 s in women's singles were significantly longer than those in men's singles (5.2 +/- 1.8 s; P < 0.001). Rallies of 6.3 +/- 1.8 s at the Australian Open, 7.7 +/- 1.7 s at the French Open, 4.3 +/- 1.6 s at Wimbledon and 5.8 +/- 1.9 s at the US Open were recorded. Rallies were significantly longer at the French Open than at any other tournament (P< 0.05) and significantly shorter at Wimbledon than at any other tournament (P< 0.05). In women's singles, 52.8 +/- 12.4% of points were baseline rallies, significantly more than in men's singles (28.6 +/- 19%; P < 0.001). The proportion of baseline rallies played at the French Open (51.9 +/- 14.2% of points) was significantly greater than at the Australian Open (46.6 +/- 12.5%), Wimbledon (19.7 +/- 19.4%) and the US Open (35.4 +/- 19.5%; P < 0.05). The results show that both the sex of the player and surface of the court have a significant influence on the nature of singles tennis at Grand Slam tournaments. 相似文献
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Robert J. Lake 《Sport in History》2016,36(1):1-25
This article critically examines the life and career of Daniel ‘Dan’ Maskell OBE CBE (1908–1992), the much-loved British professional coach and BBC commentator for Wimbledon. It positions his social ascendancy during the inter-war and post-war periods within the contexts of shifting class relations in British society, and the professionalisation of tennis and growing performance orientation of amateur tennis authorities in Britain. Given his working-class origins, Maskell's gradual acceptance into the British lawn tennis fraternity and rise to become ‘the voice of Wimbledon’ and, for some, the personification of traditional British sporting amateur values, was something of an enigma, and reflected key contradictions in what amateurism constituted in the twentieth century. Despite enduring systematic discrimination in clubs and exclusion from amateur competitions, as a consequence of him being a ‘professional’, he remained a chief proponent of the amateur ideology throughout his lifetime and exhibited numerous personal qualities that endeared him to the upper-middle-class establishment: modesty, loyalty, integrity, conservative views on player behaviour, deference to authority, strong work-ethic, and a good-humoured nature. Once tennis went ‘open’ in 1968, and throughout a period when professionalism and commercialism threatened to undermine the sport's core ideals, Maskell continued to represent and promote amateur ideals through his broadcasting ethics and values. 相似文献
5.
四大网球公开赛的文化解析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
澳大利亚网球公开赛、法国网球公开赛、温布尔顿网球锦标赛和美国网球公开赛，被称为世界四大网球公开赛。澳网是每年最早开赛的四大网球赛事。法网是集浪漫、休闲、时尚与一体的文化大餐，体验是其鲜明的文化特征。温网是现代化的传统赛事，注重费厄泼赖精神的阐发，彰显了文明、高雅、礼仪的英伦贵族血统。美网展现了城市景观体育及城市营销，是现代商业化运作的典范。 相似文献
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北京奥运会网球项目主场优势、主场劣势分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过回顾网球四大满贯赛和奥运会网球赛东道主成绩、戴维斯杯和联合会杯的主场胜率,发现网球的主场效应不像受裁判主观影响较大的集体球类项目和打分项目来得那么明显,以往只体现在网球的团体比赛中。对于国家网球队而言,北京奥运会主场优势大于主场劣势。主场劣势中,压力过大最为突出,运动员的心理问题亟待解决;而主场优势则涵盖了我国的备战和参赛环节,是东道主所独有的。 相似文献
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Talent identification at a young age is deemed essential for many national sporting organisations to increase the chances of success for their players on the international stage. Talent identification methods can be imprecise and national tennis associations and coaches often identify talent based on performances at youth tournaments and junior rankings. However, not much is known about the relationship between the international competition performances of young tennis players and later success. This relationship is explored in this study using comparisons based on: (a) the results of 3521 players at U14 youth tournaments; (b) the rankings of 377 junior players (U18) by the International Tennis Federation; (c) the rankings of 727 professional male players by the Association of Tennis Professionals; and (d) the rankings of 779 professional players by the Women's Tennis Association. Junior performances (U18) and performances at youth tournaments (U14) appear to have a low success rate in predicting later success. No distinct age was found at which players should start to perform in order to be successful at the professional level. It is concluded that even though good performances at young ages increase athletes’ chances to become elite players, they are not a precondition for achieving later success. Therefore, this study informs talent scouts, sport development officers, coaches and high performance managers of the role that performances at international youth competitions may play in talent identification in tennis. 相似文献
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Harry A. King 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):404-412
Computer simulation techniques were used to study the accuracy with which true rankings of table tennis players could be estimated from round robin tournaments based on matches of different length. Tournaments based on best-of-three-games, 21-points-to-win, and 11-points-to-win matches were studied. The simulation design also allowed study of the effect of both the number of players and the homogeneity of their ability on the efficacy of the three types of tournaments. Accuracy of the rankings produced by different types of tournaments was ascertained by computing Spearman's Rho rank correlations between the known, true ranking (known from the statistical model on which the simulated model was based) and empirical rankings in repeated tournaments. Results demonstrated that for groups of players of mixed ability, tournaments based on matches of shortened length were highly effective in estimating the true ranking, Spearman's Rho coefficients being generally well above .90. Tournaments based on longer matches exhibited only a small increase in accuracy of estimation of the true rankings. The difference between mean Spearman's Rho coefficients for tournaments based on best-of 3-games and 21-point matches approximated .02; between coefficients for tournaments based on 21-point matches and 11-point matches this difference approximated .03. 相似文献
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In 1874, after tennis had been played indoors for centuries, British officer Walter Wingfield introduced an open-air version of the game, which he called sphairistike or lawn tennis. He developed a lawn-tennis box that was easy to carry and that contained all the necessary equipment for playing. Wingfield's concept was innovative, not only technologically in both game and design, but also socially. He made it clear, for instance, that lawn tennis was also intended for ladies and he fabricated lighter rackets for women. Little is known, however, about the introduction of lawn tennis in the Netherlands. Our study reveals that the strong sales and marketing concept of Wingfield – and his competitors – also facilitated a quick diffusion of the game in the Netherlands. The first places where lawn tennis was played were estates owned by nobility, seaside resorts such as Domburg and Noordwijk, attracting well-to-do ‘Brits’ for recreational purposes, and – interestingly – also farms. Soon, the first ‘one box clubs’ arose as precursors of the formally established clubs. For most upper-class players, tennis was a leisure-time activity, yet the organization of the first national tennis tournament in 1887 shows that some already had lucrative business models in mind. 相似文献
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The concept of tournament validity was explored in three studies. In the first study, measures of tournament validity, difficulty, and discrimination were introduced. These measures were illustrated with data from the 2003 Professional Golf Association (PGA) Tour. In the second study, the relationship between difficulty and discrimination was tested by analyzing United States Golf Association slope and course rating data. In the third study, the validity of an entire season of PGA tournaments was examined. Tournaments did differ in validity, and some tournaments were not valid at all. Difficult, high-scoring tournaments were somewhat more valid and led to greater discrimination than low-scoring tournaments. Implications of golf tournament validity are discussed as are implications for measuring the validity of other types of competitions. 相似文献
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Matthew L. McDowell 《Sport in History》2014,34(2):249-275
This article examines the post-1707 history of Ailsa Craig, a small island off of the Ayrshire coast in the west of Scotland. The island was a site of tourism for Scots, and for English and other foreign travellers, who offered romantic depictions of what they saw as a uniquely Scottish natural landscape, inclusive of rare species of nesting seabirds. Of more relevance to the world of sport was that granite from Ailsa Craig comprised the majority of the world's curling stones. In terms of its imagery, the island was also used as both a selling point and narrative device by journalists covering British Open golf tournaments at nearby Turnberry. These uses both represented globally-transmitted ideas of what was represented as an ‘authentic’ Scottish sporting material culture. This article goes beyond these depictions, however, to examine the island as a food store and as a playground for its aristocratic owners, and to examine the quarrying ‘industry’ – both as a small-scale family affair, and later as a larger, even riskier venture. The place of Ailsa Craig in discourses on ‘Scottishness’ will be balanced against the difficulty of life on the islands, and concerns over the environmental damage done by man's presence there. 相似文献
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Machar Reid Miguel Crespo Francisco Atienza James Dimmock 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1221-1228
Abstract The relationship between domestic professional tournament structure in women's tennis and the subsequent professional ranking success of a nation's female players is examined. The 2003 women's professional tennis tournament calendar provided the distribution of events in 33 countries. Criteria used to classify nations' success in women's professional tennis were as follows: number of players with Women's Tennis Association (WTA) points, number of players with Top 200 rankings, and the combined WTA ranking of a nation's Top 5 female players. Pearson product – moment correlations were performed between the number of tournaments and the three criteria. Considerable variation was observed in the number of events organized between nations (USA, n = 56; Thailand, n = 3). All countries had internationally ranked female players, and 24 nations had players ranked in the Top 200. Results revealed relationships between a nation's number of women's professional events and both that nation's number of professionally ranked players (r = 0.60; P < 0.01) and Top 200 players (r = 0.60; P < 0.01), as well as the combined ranking of their Top 5 players (r = ?0.52; P < 0.01). While a similar association was found between the number of professional events and players ranked in the men's game, there was no significant correlation between events held and the combined standing of nations' best five ranked players. Governing bodies and national associations in tennis should consider the provision of professional, domestic competition as key to the development of female tennis players. 相似文献
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The relationship between domestic professional tournament structure in women's tennis and the subsequent professional ranking success of a nation's female players is examined. The 2003 women's professional tennis tournament calendar provided the distribution of events in 33 countries. Criteria used to classify nations' success in women's professional tennis were as follows: number of players with Women's Tennis Association (WTA) points, number of players with Top 200 rankings, and the combined WTA ranking of a nation's Top 5 female players. Pearson product - moment correlations were performed between the number of tournaments and the three criteria. Considerable variation was observed in the number of events organized between nations (USA, n = 56; Thailand, n = 3). All countries had internationally ranked female players, and 24 nations had players ranked in the Top 200. Results revealed relationships between a nation's number of women's professional events and both that nation's number of professionally ranked players (r = 0.60; P < 0.01) and Top 200 players (r = 0.60; P < 0.01), as well as the combined ranking of their Top 5 players (r = -0.52; P < 0.01). While a similar association was found between the number of professional events and players ranked in the men's game, there was no significant correlation between events held and the combined standing of nations' best five ranked players. Governing bodies and national associations in tennis should consider the provision of professional, domestic competition as key to the development of female tennis players. 相似文献
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Robert J. Lake 《Sport in Society》2017,20(11):1745-1764
Tim Henman was inarguably the best English player, and the most popular and socially significant British player, since Fred Perry. Throughout his career, media constructions of him fluctuated from being heralded as a potential Wimbledon champion, to a weak, underachieving perennial loser. Throughout his career, and despite the constant transition of dominant narratives, Henman’s quintessential ‘Englishness’ remained a key component, expressed through his image, appearance, ostensible personality/character and playing style. His ‘Englishness’ was especially apparent against the backdrop of the Wimbledon Championships, which used Henman’s success in its marketing of ‘tennis in an English garden’. This paper assesses the shifting meanings behind, and values of, Henman’s sustained image, and examines how changes in the narratives of Henman as a player reflected broader shifts in English identity. It is argued that Henman played a significant role in how Englishness was constructed, both in Britain and abroad, during the 1990s and 2000s. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the potential of international youth football tournaments for youth development in the Global South. The tournaments under study were East Africa Cup in Tanzania, and Norway Cup in Norway. Through qualitative interviews with tournament participants, we addressed the following research question: What are the participant’s views of the potentials of Norway Cup and East Africa Cup in dealing with development issues facing youth in the Global South? Our findings demonstrate that all interviewees consider the tournaments potentially beneficial for youth development in the Global South. In the analysis, we identified four different categories, mostly representing positive outcomes of tournament participation. We argue that a functionalist neo-liberal notion of sport is visible in the data material. Thus, our findings correspond with Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) research showing how reproductions of the SDP functionalist discourse ‘continue to be leveraged through sport and sealed into the success story of SDP’. 相似文献
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Wycliffe W. Njororai Simiyu 《Soccer & Society》2019,20(7-8):973-985
ABSTRACTThis article looks at the memorable and defining moments that shaped the history of Africa’s participation in the World Cup. In this context ‘memorable’ refers to moments in the tournament that were attractive in terms of style of play, impact of the outcome and historical legacy. Closely related to memorable is the concept of ‘defining moments’. According to Badaracco (1997), defining moments have three characteristics: they reveal, they test, and they shape. Although this definition applies to leadership, it is used here to identify some defining moments that shaped the history of African soccer at the World Cup final tournaments preceding 1970 and in the subsequent tournaments till 2018. Although past performances by African teams have not yielded a championship trophy, there have been memorable and defining moments at each tournament that inspire hope for abreakthrough sooner than later.Abbreviations: CAF- Confederation of African Football; FIFA- Federation of International Football Associations 相似文献
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通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法、录像观察法、数理统计法等,对目前世界排名前五位的女子网球选手在2012年温网和2013年澳网比赛中的比赛数据进行研究,分析几位选手的技战术特点,总结目前世界女子网球技战术的发展趋势,为女子网球运动的发展提供参考。 相似文献
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黎吉权 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(4):29-31
运用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法对长沙市高尔夫俱乐部教练员进行了现状调查与分析,研究结果表明:(1)在年龄结构上,长沙市高尔夫俱乐部教练员呈现年轻化趋势。年轻教练占较大比例。(2)在性别结构上,长沙市高尔夫俱乐部教练员中呈现男多女少的现象。这与全国其他地方的高尔夫教练员的情况类似。(3)长沙市高尔夫俱乐部教练员中教龄较长的教练员学历水平普遍不高,而教龄较短的教练员学历集中在本科阶段。(4)与其他城市相比,长沙高尔夫俱乐部的教练平均月薪处于中等水平,与长沙在全国的城市排名来看是较为相符的,与其他体育项目的教练员薪资水平相比相对较高。(5)长沙市高尔夫俱乐部教练员资格认证情况不够乐观。(6)长沙市高尔夫俱乐部教练员中的外籍教练年龄都在40岁以上,平均教龄为20年左右,平均月薪为10000元左右,学历方面,外籍教练员均是本科,资格认证方面,外籍教练员有显著优势。 相似文献
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研究目的：本研究是通过不同级别的网球比赛,来探讨网球专项学生心理指标中自信心变化的状况,为网球学生的心理素质训练和心理治疗提供理论和数据依据。研究方法：受试者参加3种不同级别的网球比赛,分别是校级网球公开赛、市级网球公开赛、全国级业余网球公开赛。在比赛开始前一小时,让测试者填写运动员心理因素调查量表,回收心理学量表,进行整理探讨不同级别的网球比赛对受试者心理指标中自信心变化的影响。研究结果：校级网球公开赛中自信心、特质自信心比市级和全国级网球公开赛高（P〈0.05）;市级网球公开赛（自信心、特质自信心）显著高于全国级网球公开赛（P〈0.05）。研究结论：研究发现比赛等级越高,高校网球专项学生特质自信心、自信心呈下降趋势。表明,比赛等级与测试对象的自信心状态存在联系。 相似文献