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Research with children presents issues beyond those normally encountered in adult exercise science research. This paper explores the specific ethical issues that are encountered when conducting paediatric research in the exercise sciences. We identify the historical, moral and philosophical underpinnings of ethical conduct. The issue of consent and children's ability to provide informed consent is discussed, as is the nature of therapeutic and non-therapeutic research. Finally, we examine the information that is required by a local ethics and research committee and provide guidance material to help in the formulation of an application to such a committee. 相似文献
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探讨体育锻炼干预对老年人幸福感的改善作用,是我国锻炼心理学研究及大众体育改革与发展亟需解决的实际问题。对老年人幸福感与体育锻炼领域的研究方法、体育锻炼干预效应以及心生理机制等问题进行了分析与评价,发现已有的研究结果尚未清楚揭示体育锻炼与老年人幸福感的关系。未来的研究应着重于:(1)积极深入地探索两者关系的"剂量效应";(2)开发提高老年人幸福感水平的体育锻炼干预方案;(3)加强生理心理机制的分析与探讨。为全面系统地研究体育锻炼干预改善老年人幸福感水平提供科学的参考和采用针对性的体育锻炼干预方案提供可操作性的实践基础。 相似文献
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Henning Wackerhage Andy Miah Roger C. Harris Hugh E. Montgomery Alun G. Williams 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1109-1116
Abstract This review is based on the BASES position stand on “Genetic Research and Testing in Sport and Exercise Science”. Our aims are first to introduce the reader to research in sport and exercise genetics and then to highlight ethical problems arising from such research and its applications. Sport and exercise genetics research in the form of transgenic animal and human association studies has contributed significantly to our understanding of exercise physiology and there is potential for major new discoveries. Researchers starting out in this field will have to ensure an appropriate study design to avoid, for example, statistically underpowered studies. Ethical concerns arise more from the applications of genetic research than from the research itself, which is assessed by ethical committees. Possible applications of genetic research are genetic performance tests or genetic tests to screen, for example, for increased risk of sudden death during sport. The concerns are that genetic performance testing could be performed on embryos and could be used to select embryos for transplantation or abortion. Screening for risk of sudden death may reduce deaths during sporting events but those that receive a positive diagnosis may suffer severe psychological consequences. Equally, it will be almost impossible to keep a positive diagnosis confidential if the individual tested is an elite athlete. 相似文献
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We provide an overview of some of the outstanding papers published in the Journal over the last 25 years within the discipline of psychology. Altogether, almost 300 papers had been published in the Journal under the psychology banner at the start of its silver anniversary year. The greatest contribution of papers has come from the motor control and learning and sport psychology sub-areas, with papers focusing on exercise psychology being a more recent addition. Prominent research themes that have emerged from each of the different sub-areas are reviewed and some notable omissions highlighted. Finally, some issues for sport and exercise psychologists to consider in coming years are briefly highlighted. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):103-115
Abstract The purpose of this article is to provide a general overview of the principles and practice of conducting quantitative psychometric meta-analytic reviews in the sport and exercise sciences and highlight some of the recent developments and recommendations from researchers regarding the conduct and validity of meta-analytic methods. After outlining the historical context, the general principles involved in a quantitative cumulation of research findings across empirical studies is reviewed. Subsequently, recent controversies and issues surrounding the use of meta-analysis are reviewed with examples provided from the sport and exercise psychology literature. Specifically, the basis for and selection of meta-analytic models (use of fixed vs. random effects models), the treatment of data from theories that explicitly demand testing the effects of multiple independent variables on a dependent variable (use of multiple regression), and how to treat studies that contain multiple tests of a given effect (use of averaging and structural equation modeling methods) are covered. Recommendations are provided for researchers conducting meta-analytic studies based on these issues. 相似文献
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《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(1):87-107
Narrative inquiry, as one form of qualitative research, has recently attracted some interest within the field of sport and exercise psychology. Seeking to be theoretically imaginative and instigate dialogue, this article focuses attention on five main issues within ongoing conversations among sport and exercise psychology researchers who promote and/or engage in narrative research. Theoretically inspired and grounded, these interrelated issues include, motivations for why researchers have turned to narrative, the concept of ‘the self’, interviewing, the issue of ‘truth’, and representation. Some implications of these issues for sport and exercise psychology are also highlighted. The article closes with some reflections about the future directions that narrative inquiry might take. 相似文献
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Monte Carlo methods can be used in data analytic situations (e.g., validity studies) to make decisions about sample size and to estimate power. The purpose of using Monte Carlo methods in a validity study is to improve the methodological approach within a study where the primary focus is on construct validity issues and not on advancing statistical theory. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how Monte Carlo methods can be used to determine sample size and to estimate power for a confirmatory factor analytic model under model-data conditions commonly encountered in exercise and sport. Because the purpose is pursued by way of demonstration with the Coaching Efficacy Scale II-High School Teams, related sample size recommendations are provided: N > or = 200 for the theoretical model; N > or = 300 for the population model. Technical terms (e.g., coverage) are defined when necessary. 相似文献
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作为体育社会问题之一的非体育道德行为,影响着当代足球运动的健康发展和社会精神文明的建设。以青少年男子足球运动员为研究对象,运用通过信、效度检验的运动员非体育道德行为的调查问卷,对运动员进行问卷调查,以了解不同年龄、不同水平青少年足球运动员的非体育道德行为影响因素的差异,为中国足球运动的健康发展提供一定的依据。 相似文献
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对锻炼心理学研究进行了简要回顾,分析了目前锻炼心理学研究中比较常见的问题,指出锻炼心理学研究必须是理论导向的,其研究过程包括:(1)形成可以接受检验的、可以接受经验反驳或证实的理论;(2)建立假说或包括生物、心理和社会等因素在内的模型;(3)锻炼心理学研究设计,包括选择变量、实施研究、分析结果、得出结论等一系列内容。 相似文献
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福州市城区广场舞发展现状调查与对策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
广场舞作为一种低碳健身方式,越来越受到大众的欢迎。本研究通过问卷调查法、访谈法等研究方法对福州市城区广场舞发展现状进行调查分析,结果显示:参与广场舞锻炼的人群女性居多且多数已退休;通过参与广场舞锻炼,体质普遍得到增强,身心变得更加愉悦,体育人口和潜在体育人口的数量不断增多;广场舞发展中遇到了活动场地有限、教学骨干人员太少、活动经费紧缺等问题,为相关政府部门的工作提供了政策导向。 相似文献
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Sheryle Bergmann Drewe 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(2):117-130
ABSTRACT This paper involves a discussion of the results of a recent research project where I interviewed athletes who play on a Canadian University's sport teams. The interviews were fairly open‐ended, exploring the athletes’ interpretations of what makes a situation an ethical dilemma and then what moral reasoning process they use in resolving the dilemmas they face. The interviews were analysed utilizing a hermeneutic approach. In analysing the transcribed interviews, I uncovered the layers of text in an attempt to interpret the athletes’ conception of ethical dilemmas. Then I focused on the reasoning process the athletes articulated in their attempts to resolve ethical dilemmas. This process required successive ‘readings’ where I attempted to relate knowledge from moral theory/moral philosophy to the words and experiences of the athletes interviewed. This research has the potential to be both theoretically and practically significant. The theoretical significance of the research lies in the application of a study of moral theory/moral philosophy to actual ethical dilemmas faced by athletes. Although moral philosophy is a well‐established scholarly discipline, the application of insights gleaned from a study of this discipline to the practice of sport has not received much attention in the scholarly literature. Most of the empirical research conducted in the area of sport and moral reasoning has focused on theories of moral development, i.e. Piaget, Kohlberg, and so forth (Booth, 1981; Figley, 1984; Romance, 1988; Brandi, 1989; Shields & Bredemeier, 1995), while most of the research concerned with moral theory/moral philosophy has been solely conceptual in nature (Shea, 1996; Arnold, 1984; Fraleigh, 1984; Zeigler, 1984; Feezell, 1986). The research presented in this paper integrates a naturalistic framework, specifically hermeneutic analysis, with conceptual knowledge derived from moral theory/moral philosophy. The research also has the potential to have significant practical implications. My objective is to determine what sort of moral reasons athletes provide when they attempt to resolve ethical dilemmas encountered in their sport. Understanding these reasons has significant implications in that teachers and coaches could facilitate the development of the critical thinking skills and dispositions required in moral reasoning if they were aware of where their athletes were in need of guidance. 相似文献
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Andreas Stenling Andreas Ivarsson Magnus Lindwall 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2017,10(1):230-251
The ability to examine within-person change is essential to test process-based theories in sport and exercise psychology. Longitudinal data, whether experimental or observational, are prerequisites to be able to examine change processes, but most longitudinal studies in sport and exercise psychology focus solely on between-person/group differences, not on within-person change. In this review, we (1) provide researchers in the sport and exercise psychology field with a framework for longitudinal research that focuses on within-person change; (2) provide an overview of how researchers in sport and exercise psychology currently analyse longitudinal data, which showed that most longitudinal studies focus on between-person/group differences; and (3) provide examples of statistical models for analysing longitudinal data that correspond to the framework for longitudinal research. In the examples, we focus on latent variable modelling, such as latent growth-curve modelling and latent change-score modelling, which capture within-person change. We argue that there is a need for stronger emphasis on the match among theory of change, temporal design, and statistical models when designing longitudinal studies in sport and exercise psychology. 相似文献
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《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(1):106-134
After more than 35 years of investigation, research on attentional focus in endurance activity is still mired by a lack of consensus. Specific challenges relate to the conceptualisation of association and dissociation, and discrepancies in methodology, research design, and data collection techniques. This review addresses previously unresolved issues that may limit research findings in this field. Initial concerns include how the endpoint of exercise tasks is defined, how pace is controlled, and the subjects employed within research investigations. An additional objective is to provide direction for future investigations. Traditional views of attentional focus may be limited in their explanatory value. We present a new working model of attentional focus in endurance activity that may more precisely categorise cognitive processes. Finally, research on this topic needs to be grounded in a recognised framework that captures the dynamic nature of human cognition. We propose that existing perspectives are recognised, such as the parallel processing model of pain and the mindfulness approach, and in addition we propose a metacognitive perspective be explored. Means of integrating these conceptual frameworks are suggested to further enhance the understanding of attentional processes in endurance activity. 相似文献
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Rachel Arnold Christopher R. D. Wagstaff Lauren Steadman Yasmin Pratt 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(12):1187-1196
Organisational stressors have been found to be prevalent and problematic for sport performers, with research identifying demographic differences in the stressors encountered. Nevertheless, extant sport psychology research on the topic of stress has generally focused on able-bodied athletes; whilst that which has been conducted on performers with a disability has typically recruited relatively small samples to explore a narrow selection of organisational stressors, or examined other components of the stress process. The purpose of the present study was to explore the various organisational stressors that athletes with a disability encounter. The sample comprised 18 elite athletes with a disability (10 male, 8 female) who had a classified disability and experience of competing at a major championships in their sport (e.g., Paralympic Games, World Championships). Participants took part in a semi-structured interview which was analysed by drawing from grounded theory procedures. A total of 316 organisational stressors were identified, which were abstracted into 31 concepts and four, previously conceptualised, exploratory schemes: leadership and personnel issues, cultural and team issues, logistical and environmental issues, and performance and personal issues. This study not only provides the first illustration of the prevalence of organisational stressors for athletes with a disability, but also significantly points to salient similarities and distinct differences between the stress experiences of performers with and without a disability. 相似文献
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Exercise, affect, and adherence: an integrated model and a case for self-paced exercise 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Williams DM 《运动与训练心理学杂志》2008,30(5):471-496
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在“体医融合”新时代背景下,体育与医学结合,共同促进全民健康成为一种新的体医结合实践模式,为“运动是良医”的推广提供了重要的平台。运动元素在中西方古代医学理论和实践中早就已经存在了,医学先驱们已经认识到了运动对健康的重要作用。文章对一些针对常见疾病的系统性综述和元分析的结果进行了汇总,这些系统性评价和元分析为“运动是良医”提供了科学的循征医学证据。然而,与任何药物或治疗手段一样,当把运动作为治疗或辅助治疗手段治疗疾病时,需要根据患者的病情和身体状态来制定相应的运动处方。尽管大量的研究表明了运动对健康以及不同疾病的益处,但运动促进健康的生物学机制并未完全阐明。同时,在谈到“运动是良医”时,仍有一些重要的问题值得讨论和商榷,比如关于运动“预防”和“治疗”疾病的讨论,关于运动“适用症”和“适用人群”的讨论,关于运动“剂量”和“成分”的讨论等。 相似文献
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为了认识体育运动技术的伦理问题,运用文献资料调查法、系统分析法等研究方法,从伦理学的视角,反思体育领域中的运动技术问题。分析运动技术理性化给体育带来的一系列负面影响,并提出运动技术的伦理诉求：真正认识现代运动技术问题之所在;反对美化现代运动技术;既要利用技术,又不让运动技术成为体育活动的最高目的;加强运动技术研发人员和体育教练、体育哲学家之间的对话与交流;追寻中国传统伦理的当代意义。 相似文献