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1.
Adjuvant effects of saponins on animal immune responses 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Vaccines require optimal adjuvants including immunopotentiator and delivery systems to offer long term protection from infectious diseases in animals and man. Initially it was believed that adjuvants are responsible for promoting strong and sustainable antibody responses. Now it has been shown that adjuvants influence the isotype and avidity of antibody and also affect the properties of cell-mediated immunity. Mostly oil emulsions, lipopolysaccharides, polymers, saponins, liposomes, cytokines, ISCOMs (immunostimulating complexes), Freund’s complete adjuvant, Freund’s incomplete adjuvant, alums, bacterial toxins etc., are common adjuvants under investigation. Saponin based adjuvants have the ability to stimulate the cell mediated immune system as well as to enhance antibody production and have the advantage that only a low dose is needed for adjuvant activity. In the present study the importance of adjuvants, their role and the effect of saponin in immune system is reviewed. 相似文献
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冯强 《重庆大学学报(英文版)》2003,2(2)
Heat-labile enterotoxin(LT) and cholera toxin(CT) are highly homologous (82 % at the amino acid level), they are the causative factors of travelers diarrhea and cholera respectively[1]. When co-stimulating the surface of the mucosal with antigens, these toxins induce significantly immunological reaction [2]. Because of this character, LT and CT are widely used as mucosal adjuvants in non-human animal models. But the high toxicity and allergenicity caused by IgE antibody (Ab) responded to b… 相似文献
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目的：为进一步探索ＬＡＮ细胞疫苗在ＡＡ大鼠治疗中的作用．方法：近交系ＳＤ 大鼠以完全弗氏佐剂致炎形成佐剂关节炎（adjuvant arthritis,AA）．分离ＡＡ大鼠淋巴细 胞,经培养扩增后,采用已建立的肿瘤疫苗专利技术制成ＬＡＫ细胞疫苗．实验动物分别 于腋下注射ＬＡＫ细胞疫苗,每５日一次共３次．治疗前及治疗后一周分别采外周血测定 Ｔ细胞亚群,同时行外周血涂片和骨髓细胞学检查．结果：经ＬＡＫ细胞疫苗免疫后,ＡＡ 实验动物组外周血淋巴细胞百分率较对照组降低（Ｐ＜０.０１）,Ｔ细胞亚群ＣＤ８＋较对照组明 显上升（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值下降,两组差别具有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论： ＬＡＫ细胞疫苗可有效地降低佐剂关节炎大鼠外周血淋巴细胞的数目并提高ＣＤ８＋Ｔ细胞 亚群的数量,在治疗自身免疫性疾病中可能是一种有用的手段,值得进一步研究． 相似文献
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在过去三十年,癌症的免疫学研究和免疫治疗取得了重大进展。一个重要的进步就是识别人类癌症抗原对癌症患者引起的自发性免疫反应。迄今已知的大部分免疫原性人类癌症抗原属于睾丸癌抗原家族,这种抗原蛋白在各种类型癌症中均有表达,但正常组织不表达（除胚胎细胞外）。癌症免疫治疗的目的就是通过接种相关抗原联合免疫佐剂诱导或激发肿瘤特异性免疫反应。免疫佐剂与抗原联合应用可诱导强效的免疫反应,或者显著提高原有的免疫反应。免疫治疗对于早期癌症患者可能是有益的,因为在此阶段免疫逃逸不明显。 相似文献
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目的为探索RA生物治疗的新途径,以及进一步认识RA的发病机制方法：近交系SD大鼠以完全弗氏佐剂致炎形成佐剂关节炎（adjuvantarthritis,AA）．分离AA大鼠淋巴细胞,经培养扩增后,采用已建立的肿瘤疫苗专利技术制成LAK疫苗．实验动物分别于腋下注射LAK细胞疫苗,每周一次共2次．治疗前后分别采血测定WBC和RBC并作比较分析结果经LAK细胞疫苗免疫后,实验动物组外周血淋巴细胞数目较治疗前显著减少（23.75±9．36对10.82±6,38,p＜0.01）．同时实验动物组的贫血状况明显好转,RBC数量明显增加（6.40±1.67对9.24±2．21,P＜0．05）结论LAK细胞疫苗可降低佐剂关节炎外周血淋巴细胞的数目并改善其贫血状态,在治疗自身免疫性疾病中可能是一种有用的手段,值得进一步研究． 相似文献
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Xinguo JIANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2014,15(1):1-15
Standard treatment options for breast cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapies, such as adjuvant hormonal therapy and monoclonal antibodies. Recently, the recognition that chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment promotes tumor growth and survival during different stages of breast cancer development has led to the development of novel immunotherapies. Several immunotherapeutic strategies have been studied both preclinically and clinically and already have been shown to enhance the efficacy of conven- tional treatment modalities. Therefore, therapies targeting the immune system may represent a promising next-generation approach for the treatment of breast cancers. This review will discuss recent findings that elucidate the roles of suppressive immune cells and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the tumor-promoting microen- vironment, and the most current immunotherapeutic strategies in breast cancer. 相似文献
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Enhancing cellular immune response to HBV M DNA vaccine in mice by codelivery of interleukin-18 recombinant 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
INTRODUCTIONChronicinfectionwithHBVaffectsmorethan250millionpeopleworldwide.Therearemorethan120millionchronicHBVcarriersinChina;appro-ximately10percentofthemremaininstateofchronichepatitisandhaveahighriskofdevelop-mentofcirrhosisandhepatocellularcarcinoma.ButthereisnoeffectivemethodtocontrolchronicHBVinfectionatpresent.Recentdataindicatedthatim-munotherapeuticstrategiesstimulatingbothcellularandhumoralimmuneresponsestoHBVantigensareessentialforcuringchronicHBVinfection(ChisariandFe… 相似文献
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Objective: To investigate the effect of interleukin-18 (IL-18) on immune response induced by plasmid encoding hepatitis B virus middle protein antigen and to explore new strategies for prophylactic and therapeutic HBV DNA vaccines. Methods: BALB/c mice were immunized with pCMV-M alone or co-immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M and then their sera were collected for analysing anti-HBsAg antibody by ELISA; splenocytes were isolated for detecting specific CTL response and cytokine assay in vitro. Results: The anti-HBs antibody level of mice co-immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M was slightly higher than that of mice immunized with pCMV-M alone, but there was not significantly different (P>0.05). Compared with mice injected with pCMV-M, the specific CTL cytotoxity activity of mice immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M was significantly enhanced (P<0.05) and the level of IFN-γ in supernatant of splenocytes cultured with HBsAg in vitro was significantly elevated (P<0.05) while the level of IL-4 had no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: The plasmid encoding IL-18 together with HBV M gene DNA vaccines may enhance specific TH1 cells and CTL cellular immune response induced in mice, so that IL-18 is a promising immune adjuvant. 相似文献
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抗原与免疫血清的制备 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
免疫血清的制备是一项常用的免疫学技术,高效价,高特异性的免疫血清可作为免疫学诊断的试剂(如用于制备免疫标记抗体等),也可供特异性免疫治疗用。免疫血清的效价高低取决于实验动物的免疫反应性及抗原的免疫原性。文章主要介绍免疫血清的制备方法;免疫血清的质量评价;不能获得满意的免疫血清的可能原因及解决办法等。 相似文献
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Improvement of the efficacy of influenza vaccination （H5N1） in chicken by using extract of Cochinchina momordica seed （ECMS） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rajput ZI Xiao CW Hu SH Arijo AG Soomro NM 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,8(5):331-337
Seeds of a Chinese traditional medicine plant, Cochinchina momordica were used in the present study for the improvement of influenza vaccine （HSN 1） in chicken. Crude extraction from Cochinchina momordica seed （ECMS） was obtained by ethanol extraction method. In experiment No. 1, two weeks old chickens were immunized with influenza vaccine （HSN1） alone or combined with ECMS （5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/dose）. Serum IgG antibody levels （by ELISA） as well as effects on dally weight gain were measured on 0, 7, 14 and 28th day after immunization. Results revealed that all ECMS groups numerically increased the antibody levels while 10 and 20 μg/dose groups significantly （P〈0.05） enhanced total IgG antibody on day 28, when compared with control. Average daily weight gain was also significantly higher in 20 μg/dose ECMS group. Adjuvant effect was also confirmed in experiment No. 2 when chickens were immunized with 20 μg/dose ECMS and antibody titer was measured through hemagglutination inhibition （HI）. It is concluded that ECMS has potential to improve the immune responses and deserve further study as an adjuvant. 相似文献
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Rui Liu Ying Liu Mei-jing Lan Niusha Taheri Jing-li Cheng Yi-rong Guo Guo-nian Zhu 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2016,17(4):282-293
A water-soluble adjuvant named QuickAntibody (QA) was introduced into the procedure of mouse immunization for the development of hapten-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), using four kinds of pesticides as model compounds. Compared with conventional Freund;’s adjuvants, QA treatments offered relatively low but acceptable antiserum titers after three inoculations, gave little adverse effects to the experimental animals, and were preferable in harvesting splenocytes during the steps of cell fusion. Afterwards, hybridomas from the QA group were prepared and screened by both non-competitive and competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The efficiency of gaining immune-positive hybridomas was satisfactory, and the resultant mAbs showed sensitivities (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)) of 0.91, 2.46, 3.72, and 6.22 ng/ml to triazophos, parathion, chlorpyrifos, and fenpropathrin, respectively. Additionally, the performance of QA adjuvant was further confirmed by acquiring a high-affinity mAb against okadaic acid (IC50 of 0.36 ng/ml) after three immunizations. These newly developed mAbs showed similar or even better sensitivities compared with previously reported mAbs specific to the corresponding analytes. This study suggested that the easy-to-use adjuvant could be applicable to the efficient generation of highly sensitive mAbs against small compounds. 相似文献
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章红兵 《金华职业技术学院学报》2009,9(6):68-70
临床上,＂自家苗＂是用某猪场自然发病病例分离到的病原或将病变组织捣碎并作适当稀释,用灭活剂将病原灭活后加入佐剂而制成。一些猪场使用＂自家苗＂对某些疫病进行防治,取得了一定的效果,但也有不少猪场因使用＂自家苗＂而导致猪场疾病不断甚至蒙受极大损失。分析认为,＂自家苗＂对猪疫病产生治疗效果是表面现象和偶然现象,猪场使用＂自家苗＂防治疫病是不科学的,存在散毒、诱发机体对病原的易感性、导致猪群产生免疫耐受、导致免疫机体对其它病原体的抵抗力下降、免疫效果存在不确定性、影响其他疫苗的免疫程序和免疫效果等风险。国家对＂自家苗＂的生产和使用应制订法定标准和规范工艺,确保猪场安全生产。 相似文献
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佐剂可以增强机体对抗原的免疫应答反应,可以显著增强疫苗的免疫效果.综述了在兽用疫苗研究领域中常用的免疫佐剂,并对佐剂的发展趋势作了展望. 相似文献
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营养素对于免疫系统来说是十分重要的,当运动员经受超负荷高强度训练对免疫系统造成损伤的时候,一个重要的方法就是通过补充营养素来增强运动员的免疫机能。本文着重分析了主要的营养素糖、脂肪、蛋白质与运动免疫的关系,从而提示运动员在运动训练过程中能够合理的平衡膳食,尽可能地将运动引起的免疫抑制因素降低,最终达到提高运动水平的目的。 相似文献
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蒋尚亭 《合肥联合大学学报》2014,(1):40-43,58
随着信息化技术在高校的推广,我国部分高校已经开始利用计算机技术来进行高校运动会的管理,但赛程编排工作一直困扰着运动会管理人员,经过分析和研究提出一种基于免疫遗传算法的高校运动会赛程编排方法。免疫遗传算法将生物免疫原理引入到传统遗传算法中,通过接种疫苗来提高抗体的适应度,从而防止种群快速退化。最后通过相关实验说明免疫遗传算法与传统遗传算的性能差异,并利用免疫遗传算法来解决高校运动会赛程编排问题。 相似文献
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以烟草花叶病毒（TMv）为例研究了制备植物病毒抗血清的一般方法．以家兔和小白鼠为免疫动物，运用饱和硫酸接沉淀法制备出高效价的兔和瓦抗TMV血清，并运用先进的ELISA方法测定了抗血清中抗体IgG的效价；用醋酸纤维凝胶电泳技术分析了抗血清中抗体的lgG纯度，应用免疫双扩散法检测了提纯的IgG的生物活性．同时还运用成二醛一步法制出高结合率的IgG与过氧化氢酶（HRP）标记的抗体，形成了一整套制备抗血清、纯化IgG并对IgG进行酶标的技术，为植物病毒检测提供了快速简便的方法． 相似文献
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目的:探讨啤酒酵母菌对白色念珠菌感染的影响作用及机制.方法:用啤酒酵母免疫家兔后,经家兔耳的皮下注射白色念珠菌,建立播散性念珠菌病动物感染模型,观察啤酒酵母菌免疫组和对照组家兔的感染状况;通过测定抗体效价和巨噬细胞吞噬功能,了解啤酒酵母的免疫效果.结果:观察显示:①免疫组兔耳皮下注射区红肿面积明显小于对照组;②肾脏充血及肿胀程度免疫组小于对照组,同时,对照组肾脏出现肉眼可见的脓肿灶;③病理诊断显示,免疫组炎性细胞浸润范围小;④免疫组抗体效价明显高于对照组,吞噬百分率与吞噬指数,免疫组与对照组有明显差异(P<0.01).结论:啤酒酵母能够提高机体免疫功能,减轻白色念珠菌的局部感染及全身感染. 相似文献