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1.
审美人格在创造性人格中占据了极其重要的地位,审美能力的发展及培养直接影响幼儿人格的早期发展,对其创造性具有不可忽视的影响。因此,对幼儿审美能力的探究将会促进个体创造力的全面发展。本研究采用问卷法和现场实验法探讨了3~5岁幼儿审美能力的发展特点、关键期和性别差异及培养方法。研究结果表明:(1)3~5岁幼儿审美能力发展随年龄发展而发展,4岁为审美能力发展的敏感期;(2)运用奥尔夫音乐教学法对幼儿审美能力发展具有促进作用。 相似文献
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本研究采用个别施测的方法，对193名3-7岁幼儿进行了发散思维测验，得到了以下几点结论：(1)幼儿发散思维发展存在着十分显的年龄差异，呈现出随年龄的增长发散思维能力逐步提高的趋势。(2)幼儿发散思维发展的进程不是匀速推进的，5岁左右是幼儿发散思维发展转折期。(3)从总体来看，幼儿发散思维的发展无显的性别差异，但是随着年龄的增长，男孩在发散思维独特性上的优势逐渐显露出来。(4)幼儿发散思维的发展存在很大的个体差异。 相似文献
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幼儿抗挫折能力是幼儿适应社会环境所不可缺少的一种生存能力,是儿童健全人格的重要组成部分.本研究采用问卷调查法对507名3～5岁幼儿抗挫折能力的发展特点进行调查,结果表明:幼儿抗挫折能力的发展存在极其显著的年龄差异,表现出随年龄增长而不断增强的发展趋势,3～4岁可能是幼儿抗挫折能力发展的关键期;幼儿抗挫折能力的发展不存在显著的性别差异. 相似文献
4.
本研究选取10-12岁的流动超常儿童共66名,采用问卷法分别考察其人格和创造力的发展特征,并在此基础上探讨流动超常儿童的人格对其创造力的影响。结果显示,10-12岁的流动超常儿童:(1)创造力各维度的水平随着年龄的增长呈现出稳定增长的趋势,其中,10岁组得分显著低于其他组;(2)在人格宜人性、谨慎性和开放性上均表现出随年级增长而递增的趋势,其中,12岁组在人格宜人性上的得分显著高于10岁组;(3)人格的外向性对创造力的流畅性(47.9%)和变通性(56.1%)具有较好的预测作用,而宜人性对创造力的独特性(29.6%)具有较好的负向预测作用。 相似文献
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一、3岁-5岁幼儿延迟时间发展的特点
3岁～5岁既是儿童认知能力得以迅速发展的关键时期．也是儿童自我延迟满足能力发展的关键年龄。杨丽珠等研究发现：3岁-5岁幼儿自我延迟满足能力发展水平随着年龄的增长而发展,3岁幼儿平均延迟时间短暂：4岁幼儿平均延迟时间显著延长：5岁幼儿平均延迟时间更长。 相似文献
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本研究选取135名4-6岁幼儿为被试,采用图片故事法测查幼儿道义推理的发展特点。结果表明：4-6岁幼儿的道义推理能力表现出随年龄增长不断提高的趋势,但在不同规则领域中幼儿道义推理的发展模式存在差异;4—6岁幼儿对禁止形式规则的推理成绩显著低于对义务和允许形式的推理成绩;4—6岁幼儿能很好的检测出同辈违反,但是对妈妈违反、特别是双违反的检测较为困难,随年龄增长,幼儿检测妈妈违反、特别是双违反的能力获得明显进步。 相似文献
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《绵阳师范学院学报》2015,(7):6-10
本研究从儿童对情绪调节策略的运用这一角度,对90名8-15岁的智障儿童和90名3-5岁的普通幼儿进行问卷调查,探讨智障儿童和普通幼儿情绪调节策略的异同。结果发现:(1)智障儿童和普通幼儿的情绪调节策略均呈现年龄差异,积极情绪调节策略的运用会随着年龄的增长而显著增多;(2)智障儿童和普通幼儿的情绪调节策略均无显著的性别差异;(3)在引发消极情绪的情景下,3-5岁的普通幼儿比8-15岁的智障儿童更多地使用积极策略,更少使用消极策略;(4)8-15岁的智障儿童较难使用认知重建的情绪调节策略。 相似文献
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本研究采用面部表情辨别和实际情境下的情绪认知两种实验任务测查了95名3～5岁幼儿的情绪认知能力。结果表明:(1)幼儿的情绪认知能力存在显著的年龄差异,随着年龄的增长而增长,但每种具体情绪的发展模式不同;(2)幼儿的情绪认知能力不存在显著的性别差异。 相似文献
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《陕西教育学院学报》2019,(5):57-61
研究对沈阳市三所普通幼儿园355名3-6岁幼儿问题行为与其学习品质发展的关系进行了探究。采用已有的学习品质教师评定问卷和Conners儿童行为教师评定量表(TRS)进行了调查。研究结果表明:(1)4-5岁是幼儿学习品质发展的关键期,幼儿学习品质的发展不存在显著的性别差异。(2)幼儿问题行为随年龄增长而增多且有显著的性别差异,即男孩问题行为多于女孩。(3)幼儿问题行为中不注意-被动和多动指数因子与学习品质呈显著负相关,其不注意-被动对幼儿的学习品质有负向预测作用。 相似文献
11.
Several researchers have shown that children’s ability to make inferences is related to their reading comprehension. The majority of research on this topic has been conducted on older children. However, given the recent focus on the importance of narrative comprehension in prereaders, the current study examined the relationship between inference making and story comprehension in 4- to 5-year-olds. We examined children’s online inferences while narrating a wordless book as well as children’s story comprehension of a different storybook. We found that children’s total number of inferences was significantly related to their story comprehension. Three types of inferences were significantly related to story comprehension—characters goals, actions that achieved those goals, and character states. In a hierarchical regression controlling for children’s age and expressive vocabulary, a composite of these three inference types significantly predicted children’s story comprehension. 相似文献
12.
Anna Craft Teresa Cremin Pamela Burnard Tatjana Dragovic Kerry Chappell 《Education 3-13》2013,41(5):538-556
The authors have, for some years, studied the concept of ‘possibility thinking’ (PT), or ‘what if’ and ‘as if’ thinking in children aged 3–11, which generates novelty – and the pedagogical strategies which foster it. They have argued, on the basis of previous qualitative studies, that ‘PT’ is at the core of creativity in education. Having begun as a conceptual study for 7 years, this team has undertaken empirical studies of PT in classrooms. This paper discusses findings from the third phase of empirical work focusing on 9- to 11-year olds. The particular research question addressed here is ‘What characterises possibility thinking as manifest in the learning engagement of children aged 9–11?’. In a small-scale qualitative study, involving co-participation with teachers, the paper features episode analysis of naturalistic video data featuring children aged 9–11 in two schools. It focuses on PT evidenced by children engaged in a range of classroom activities, some established as individual activities and others as group work. The study reveals some features of PT in both sites (question-posing [Q-P], question-responding [Q-R], self-determination, intentional action, development, being imaginative, play/playfulness, immersion and innovation) to differing degrees of strength. Risk-taking was absent in both and a new feature, collaboration, evident in both. Differences were documented in how Q-P and Q-R manifest, compared with earlier studies with younger children. This study seeks to make an evidence-based contribution to the characterisation of PT as driving creativity in the classroom, with implications for research and practice. 相似文献
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As one of the potential contextual factors for creativity development, children’s museum has been introduced to China from the western world in recent years, with the aim to offer a new informal educational environment to enhance children’s creativity. Based on experimental data for two groups of 4-year-old preschoolers (218 for the family mode and 202 for the preschool mode) from Beijing with an appropriately one-year long intervention (September 2017 to July 2018), this study examines the effect of regular visits to a children’s museum and other education environmental factors on young children’s creativity measured by Torrance’s Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement (TCAM) test. Results indicate that in terms of family visit, compared to the control group, the intervention that offers 18 times free tickets to visit a children’s museum significantly improved the experiment group’s originality (a sub-measure of creativity) by an additional 34.51 %. A beneficial effect of this intervention was also found in improving children’s fluency from the sample of preschool group visit (46.80 %). In addition, family education environment factors such as public preschool attendance, frequency of visits to science museums, and the degree of parents’ latitude were also found to positively affect creativity. Children’s personal features such as sex and geographic location of the family are also found to be related with children’s creativity. 相似文献
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本研究采用问卷法和测量法,以大连市某幼儿园104名3～5幼儿为被试,分析了幼儿多元智能发展的年龄差异和性别差异,并进一步探讨了幼儿多元智能发展与幼儿气质、父母教养方式之间的关系。结果表明3～5岁幼儿多元智能的发展存在年龄差异,幼儿的多元智能随年龄增长而逐渐发展,且该年龄阶段是多元智能发展的关键期;3～5岁幼儿空间智能发展的性别差异显著;3～5岁幼儿多元智能与气质、父母教养方式密切相关。气质特点不同的幼儿在多元智能的发展上呈现出不同的特点,父母教养方式也会影响幼儿多元智能的发展。 相似文献
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张玲玲陈晓燕莫秀锋 《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2017,(2):123-127
公平分配行为是幼儿道德发展水平参考指标,是研究者关注的热点问题。为探讨公平分配行为与社会观点采择能力、卷入水平的关系。选取5-6岁幼儿112 名,以张文新和林崇德标准化处理的测验任务为测量社会观点采择能力的工具进行研究。实验一采用李占星的独裁者游戏法,考察社会观点采择能力对幼儿公平分配行为的具体影响。实验二采用王斯和苏彦捷的故事情境法,考察卷入水平和社会观点采择能力对幼儿公平分配行为的具体影响。结果表明:社会观点采择能力对幼儿两种公平分配行为的影响有所不同,社会观点采择能力高的幼儿平均分配行为更高,按劳分配行为不受影响;卷入水平影响幼儿的公平分配行为,幼儿在卷入情境中公平分配行为更高。 相似文献
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研究用2个心理理论范式测量错误信念认知和情绪理解能力,比较33名孤儿和33名非孤儿的表现,并分析了错误信念认知和情绪理解的关系。结果显示:(1)孤儿错误信念认知水平发展趋势与非孤儿一致,但孤儿的错误信念认知能力发展显著低于非孤儿;(2)孤儿的情绪理解发展趋势和水平与非孤儿基本一致;(3)儿童(包括孤儿)错误信念认知和情绪理解在3-5岁期间发生明显变化,大多数儿童在5岁时已基本具备错误信念认知和情绪理解的能力,4岁是儿童错误信念认知和情绪理解能力发展的重要年龄;(4)儿童错误信念认知与情绪理解关系密切。 相似文献
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The present study focused primarily on children's processing of two different kinds of information contained in two animations. The two animations were divided into 24 and 10 sections. Each section was classified as an explicit or implicit section concerning the derivation of the answer to the question based on each section. The subjects were 48 kindergartners (aged 4 and 5) who were divided into two groups to view these two animations. The group receiving a distraction stimulus (slides projected on a curtain) was designated as the distractors group while the other with no distractors was designated as the no‐distractors group. The results for children of both age 4 and 5 fell into three categories. (1) Distractive slides significantly reduced children's visual attention to both explicit information and implicit information. There was no significant attention difference between age 4 and 5. (2) Distraction produced little effect on children's comprehension of implicit information while producing a significant reduction in the comprehension of explicit information. (3) Children aged 5 markedly outperformed those aged 4 on the comprehension of implicit information. It was suggested that children processed the implicit information actively whereas they processed the explicit information reactively. Results also proved that preschoolers have the ability to comprehend implied information, and that this ability increases substantially with age. 相似文献
18.
研究目的:探讨中国幼儿手指图式心理表征和感数发展的特点、年龄差异以及二者之间的相关性.研究方法:采用画手的投射测验和感数实验两种方法,在画手任务中年龄与不同画手指标为自变量,画手成绩为因变量;在感数实验设计中,年龄与不同数量类型为自变量,感数成绩为因变量.研究结论:(1)四五岁的幼儿在手指心象基本上能区分出手指与手掌,对于手指数量也有了较好的把握,但对不同手指相对大小和具体位置的表征还欠精确.(2)幼儿手指心象加工精确性存在显著的年龄差异,即五岁幼儿明显优于四岁幼儿.(3)当数目在3以内时,数量大小对感数成绩的影响差异不显著;当数目大于3时,数量大小对感数成绩的影响差异显著;总体上数量大小对感数成绩影响差异显著.(4)年龄对感数成绩的影响差异显著,即五岁幼儿感数成绩显著高于四岁幼儿.(5)幼儿的手指心象加工的准确性与感数成绩的高低存在显著的正相关,且前者对后者具有显著的预测作用. 相似文献
19.
This is a study of early picture book comprehension, its determinants and later development through primary school. More specifically, picture book comprehension was analyzed longitudinally from age 5 to age 9, delineating the unique contributions of vocabulary, metacognitive knowledge and task orientation to the initial level as well as to the growth of comprehension. A total of 90 Finnish-speaking children participated in the study. The children’s narrative picture book comprehension was assessed at age 5, age 6 and age 9. Vocabulary, metacognitive knowledge and task orientation were evaluated at age 5. Latent growth curve modeling showed a pattern of decreasing achievement gaps in narrative picture book comprehension. Vocabulary and metacognitive knowledge uniquely contributed to the concurrent level of narrative picture book comprehension. The results further showed that metacognitive knowledge and task orientation were positive and statistically significant predictors of the growth of picture book comprehension over and above the initial level of narrative picture book comprehension. These findings add to our knowledge about the development of inter-individual differences in narrative picture book comprehension and the roles of vocabulary, metacognitive knowledge and task orientation in it. They also suggest a novel way to assess the narrative comprehension potential among students with compromised working memory or decoding ability.
相似文献20.
自闭症儿童存在异常的颜色感知已得到广泛报道,但迄今仍鲜见正式探讨这类群体颜色偏好的研究.本研究采用对偶比较法对4-6.5岁汉语自闭症幼儿的颜色偏好展开研究,结果表明:(1)自闭症幼儿总体上对冷色的偏好优于暖色,其颜色偏好顺序为:绿、蓝、红、紫、橙、黄;(2)自闭症幼儿的颜色偏好顺序与控制组幼儿(年龄和智商相匹配)相同,但颜色偏好程度不同于控制组幼儿;(3)自闭症幼儿的颜色偏好顺序和颜色偏好程度都显著不同于同年龄普通幼儿;(4)性别对自闭症幼儿的颜色偏好没有显著影响.本研究提出,自闭症幼儿所表现出的颜色偏好可能是其大脑功能状态不平衡发展的结果. 相似文献