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1.
Relations between early reading and writing skills among Spanish-speaking language minority children
Although there is a growing body of literature on the development of reading skills of Spanish-speaking language minority children, little research has focused on the development of writing skills in this population. This study evaluated whether children’s Spanish early reading skills (i.e., print knowledge, phonological awareness, oral language) were related to their Spanish and English early writing skills using a sample of 554 children whose home language was Spanish. Multivariate regression analyses with simultaneous outcomes (Spanish and English invented spelling skills) were conducted to evaluate whether children’s early reading and writing skills were related across languages. Results indicated that children’s print knowledge and phonological awareness skills, but not oral language skills, were significantly related to their Spanish and English invented spelling skills. Spanish early literacy skills were not differentially related to Spanish and English reading and writing skills. The magnitude of the relations between print knowledge and oral language skills and children’s invented spelling skills varied as a function of child age; however, the magnitude of the relation between phonological awareness and invented spelling skills did not differ as a function of child age. Furthermore, results suggested that language minority children’s early reading and writing skills are related but distinct constructs and that children may be able to apply information gained from learning to read and write in their first language when learning to write in their second language. 相似文献
2.
Marie Lallier Guillaume Thierry Polly Barr Manuel Carreiras Marie-Josephe Tainturier 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2018,22(4):335-349
According to the Grain Size Accommodation hypothesis (Lallier & Carreiras, 2017), learning to read in two languages differing in orthographic consistency leads to a cross-linguistic modulation of reading and spelling processes. Here, we test the prediction that bilingualism may influence the manifestations of dyslexia. We compared the deficits of English monolingual and early Welsh–English bilingual dyslexic adults on reading and spelling irregular English words and English-like pseudowords. As predicted, monolinguals were relatively more impaired in reading pseudowords than irregular words, whereas the opposite was true for bilinguals. Moreover, monolinguals showed stronger sublexical processing deficits than bilinguals and were poorer spellers overall. This study shows that early bilingual reading experience has long-lasting effects on the manifestations of dyslexia in adulthood. It demonstrates that learning to read in a consistent language like Welsh in addition to English gives bilingual dyslexic adults an advantage in English literacy tasks strongly relying on phonological processing. 相似文献
3.
To examine the effects of computer-based reading and spelling practice on the development of reading and spelling skills, a pretest-training-posttest experiment was conducted in The Netherlands. Eleven girls and 17 boys with written language disorders (on the average, 9 years, 7 months old and performing 2 grades below age expectancy) practiced hard-to-read words under three conditions: reading from the computer screen, copying from the screen, and writing from memory after presentation on the screen. For all words, whole-word sound was available on call during practice. To assess learning effects, both a dictation and a read-aloud task were administered in which nonpracticed control words were also presented. During training, the computer kept record of several aspects of the pupils' learning behavior. It was found that copying words from the screen resulted in significantly fewer spelling errors on the posttest than writing words from memory, and that both forms of spelling practice led to fewer spelling errors than only reading words during practice. All three forms of practice improved to the same degree both the accuracy and fluency of reading the practiced words aloud. The way in which spelling and reading practice, in combination with speech feedback, support the development of phonological skills in children with written language disorders is highlighted in the discussion. 相似文献
4.
Until recently the majority of research undertaken into dyslexia focused on English‐speaking dyslexics, who tend to make significantly more phonological than visual errors. This led to a major assumption about the possible cause of dyslexia being a lack of phonological awareness. According to the phonological deficit theory, the level of phonological consistency of a language determines not only the reading speed but also the amount and types of reading and spelling errors made by dyslexic people. This theory has been seriously challenged by the results of a number of studies in more phonologically consistent languages, such as Greek, Italian and Japanese, where morphology seemed to play a more crucial role than the phonological structure of a language per se. The 116 dyslexic people who took part in this experiment were matched on age, sex, IQ and psycho‐educational performance. A total of 58 US English‐speaking dyslexic people were compared to 58 Greek dyslexic people. Both groups met the diagnostic criteria. Results demonstrated that Greek dyslexics were found to make significantly fewer phonological errors (11.0%) than the US dyslexics (85.5%, p < .000), but comparatively more visual (66.8% to US 14.0%, P < .000) and grammatical errors (22.2% to US 0.1%, p < .000) than their English‐speaking counterparts. These data showed highly significant quantitative and qualitative spelling differences. Greek dyslexics could be accurately differentiated from the US English dyslexics based on the three types of spelling errors. 相似文献
5.
Debra Jared Pierre Cormier Betty Ann Levy Lesly Wade-Woolley 《Reading and writing》2012,25(6):1327-1343
We investigated whether children who were learning to read simultaneously in English and French activate phonological representations from only the language in which they are reading or from both of their languages. Children in French Immersion programs in Grade 3 were asked to name aloud cognates, interlingual homographs, interlingual homophones, and matched control words. Half of the participants performed the task in English, their first oral language, and half performed the task in French. Control monolingual children in each language were also tested. In the French reading task, fewer errors were observed for cognates and interlingual homophones than for matched control words, whereas more errors were produced for interlingual homographs than matched controls. Only the inhibitory interlingual homograph effect was observed in the English reading task. These data provide evidence that phonological activation in bilinguals is not language selective. The locus of each of these effects in the bilingual word recognition system is discussed. 相似文献
6.
Young-Suk Kim Stephanie Al Otaiba Jessica Folsom Sidler Luana Gruelich 《Early childhood research quarterly》2013
We had two primary purposes in the present study: (1) to examine unique child-level predictors of written composition which included language skills, literacy skills (e.g., reading and spelling), and attentiveness and (2) to examine whether instructional quality (quality in responsiveness and individualization, and quality in spelling and writing instruction) is uniquely related to written composition for first-grade children (N = 527). Children's written composition was evaluated on substantive quality (ideas, organization, word choice, and sentence flow) and writing conventions (spelling, mechanics, and handwriting). Results revealed that for the substantive quality of writing, children's grammatical knowledge, reading comprehension, letter writing automaticity, and attentiveness were uniquely related. Teachers’ responsiveness was also uniquely related to the substantive quality of written composition after accounting for child predictors and other instructional quality variables. For the writing conventions outcome, children's spelling and attentiveness were uniquely related, but instructional quality was not. These results suggest the importance of paying attention to multiple component skills such as language, literacy, and behavioral factors as well as teachers’ responsiveness for writing development. 相似文献
7.
Michele H. Brenneman Robin D. Morris Marlyne Israelian 《Psychology in the schools》2007,44(2):171-181
A dearth of research has investigated the language preference of bilingual childhood populations and its subsequent relationship to reading skills. The current study evaluated how a sequential bilingual student's choice of language, in a particular environmental context, predicted reading ability in English and Spanish. The participants were Latino children ranging in age from 7 years, 5 months, to 11 years, 6 months, with 43% born in the United States. Results showed a relationship between a child's higher English language preference for media and for communication with others outside the family and better reading skills in English. Language preference differences predicted reading abilities better for English than for Spanish. Results suggested that sequential bilingual children's language preference may be a useful marker of English language (second language [L2]) facility and use that is related to their reading proficiency or influences the development of English reading skills in such bilingual children in the United States. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 171–181, 2007. 相似文献
8.
This study examined the ability of children in French immersion and English programs to analyze the internal structure of spoken words in relation to their early reading and spelling abilities in English. Thirty-two children in the first grade were given a modified version of the Auditory Analysis Test, and reading and spelling tasks that included both real words and non-words. Results indicated that French immersion children were more proficient than their English program peers at explicitly analyzing spoken words and that the groups did not differ when reading and spelling orthographically regular real words and non-words. The English program children performed better than their French program peers only when reading orthographically irregular English words. These results demonstrate that second language learning enhances metalinguistic awareness and help to explain why children in immersion programs do not experience long-term difficulty in acquiring English written language skills. 相似文献
9.
罗明礼 《成都教育学院学报》2010,(12):114-117,124
英语新课程的总体目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力。目前,高中学生的英语书面表达能力欠佳,突出地表现在英语词汇和语法错误较为严重。中国学生在英语写作中常常受汉语形容词可以作谓语的干扰将英语形容词误作谓语,长此以往形成僵化现象。在课堂教学中,高中英语教师要利用迁移理论排除母语干扰,有意识地对英、汉形容词的特征进行对比分析,重新审视语法教学的重要性,加强学生英语读写技能的培养,提高学生综合语言运用能力。 相似文献
10.
Children from language minority homes reach school age with variable dual language skills. Cluster analysis identified four bilingual profiles among 126 U.S.-born, 5-year-old Spanish–English bilinguals. The profiles differed on two dimensions: language balance and total language knowledge. Balance varied primarily as a function of indicators of the relative quantity and the quality of their language exposure (amount of home exposure and maternal education in each language). Total language knowledge varied primarily as a function of indicators of children’s language learning ability (phonological memory and nonverbal intelligence). English dominance was more prevalent than balanced bilingualism; there was no Spanish dominant profile, despite average Spanish dominance in home language use. There was no evidence of a tradeoff between English and Spanish skills. 相似文献
11.
Vowels in Spanish have direct one-to-one letter-sound correspondences, whereas vowels in English usually have multiple spellings. For native Spanish-speaking children learning to spell in English, this transition from a shallow to a deep orthography could potentially cause difficulties. We examined whether the spelling of English vowel sounds was particularly difficult for native Spanish-speaking children, and whether the errors are consistent with Spanish orthographic rules. Twenty-six native Spanish-speaking and 53 native English-speaking children in grades 2 and 3 were given real-word and pseudoword spelling tasks in English that included words containing four vowels that have different spellings between Spanish and English. Results supported our hypothesis—native Spanish-speaking children committed significantly more vowel spelling errors that were consistent with Spanish orthography. The number of vowel spelling errors not consistent with Spanish orthography did not differ between the two language groups. These findings suggest that orthographic properties of the children’s native language influence their learning to spell in a second language. Educational implications address how knowledge of this cross language influence can aide teachers in improving spelling instruction. 相似文献
12.
Previous cross-language research has focused on L1 phonological processing and its relation to L2 reading. Less extensive
is the research on the effect that L1 orthographic processing skill has on L2 reading and spelling. This study was designed
to investigate how reading and spelling acquisition in English (L2) is influenced by phonological and orthographic processing
skills in Spanish (L1) in 89 Spanish-English bilingual children in grades 2 and 3. Comparable measures in English and Spanish
tapping phonological and orthographic processing were administered to the bilingual children. We found that cross-language
phonological and orthographic transfer occurs from Spanish to English. Specifically, the Spanish phoneme deletion task contributed
a significant amount of unique variance to English word reading and spelling, for both real words and pseudowords. The Spanish
homophone choice task predicted English reading, but not spelling. Taken together, these results suggest that there are shared
phonological and orthographic processes in bilingual reading; however, orthographic patterns may be language specific, thereby
not likely to transfer to spelling performance. 相似文献
13.
Leonore Ganschow 《Annals of dyslexia》1984,34(1):271-284
This paper examines spontaneous writing of a college student with a history of language learning problems. Writing samples,
collected from tests and papers in college courses, were analyzed for syntactic complexity, spelling, grammatical errors,
semantic errors, and organization. Metacognitive factors were analyzed by examining student’s responses to questions about
his perceptions about writing. Results showed: (a) the dyslexic student produced syntactically complex structures comparable
to nondyslexic writers; (b) the student averaged 9% spelling errors per essay and 17 grammatical errors per essay; (c) primary
semantic errors were inappropriate word choices, incorrect determiners, and overuse of “so” as a transition; (d) major problem
with organization involved difficulties with expanding an idea beyond “saying the same thing in a different way;” (e) metacognitive
strategies included difficulties with separating self from writing and recognizing ambiguity in writing. The paper then describes
six instructional strategies to assist in remediation of the student’s writing problems.
Paper presented at the Second Miami University Sentence Combining Conference, October, 1983. 相似文献
14.
SALIM ABU-RABIA 《教育心理学》2003,23(2):209-222
The present study tested both the processing and storage of functions of working memory (WM) and whether WM in low-order and high-order writing processes follows the same pattern as in reading. The influence of WM on creative writing was also tested. Forty-seven high school students participated in this study. A test of written language was administered to the subjects, comprising the following subtests spelling, vocabulary, style, logical sentence, sentence combining, thematic maturity, contextual vocabulary, syntactic maturity, contextual spelling, contextual style. A WM reading comprehension test was also conducted. The overall findings of the study indicate significant relationships between WM measures and reading and writing in English as a second language. 相似文献
15.
标点符号从创始起就是文字、书面语的有机组成部分,在英语书面表达中起着分隔、指明、替代等不可或缺的作用。因此,英文写作除了需要掌握基本的句型结构、语法规则和一定量的词汇外,还必须掌握标点符号的正确用法。拟对英语写作中常见的标点错误进行例析。 相似文献
16.
Mercedes I. Rueda 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(4):702-732
AbstractThis paper examines the role played by morphological awareness in explaining difficulties in reading and writing words with arbitrary spelling in a group of students who have reading-writing difficulties. Specifically, the relationship between morphological, morphosyntactic and phonological awareness and reading errors and success in arbitrary spelling is studied. This paper also describes to what extent the morphological and morphosyntactic awareness of students with reading difficulties explains errors in reading and in the correct spelling of words with arbitrary spelling. The results indicate that morphological, morphosyntactic and phonological awareness are related to learning reading and arbitrary spelling in Spanish. However, morphosyntactic awareness is more important in explaining serious reading errors and success in writing with arbitrary spelling among students with reading-writing difficulties. 相似文献
17.
18.
Fernando Justicia Sylvia Defior Santiago Pelegrina Francisco J. Martos 《Journal of Research in Reading》1999,22(2):198-202
The main aim of this study was to determine the pattern of errors in Spanish spelling. Specifically, we were interested in discovering if all Spanish words have similar levels of spelling difficulty or whether there are types of words that cause a high percentage of spelling errors. 972 children aged between 8 to 10 years were requested to write a short spontaneous story. Our objective was to analyse and to propose a classification system for the errors made by children in the initial stages of the acquisition of spelling skills. The results indicate (a) that the diverse forms of only 20 Spanish words produce 36 per cent of the spelling errors in Spanish, and (b) that substitution is the most frequent type of error (68 per cent of total errors), which occurs as a consequence of an inadequate knowledge of the rules of phoneme-grapheme correspondence. These findings have relevance for the teaching of writing in Spanish. 相似文献
19.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the story writing skills of adults with a history of oral language impairment.
It was hypothesized that writing text would pose difficulty for adults with a history of language impairment (LI), and that
this difficulty would manifest itself as reduced grammatical complexity and increased errors in spelling, grammar and punctuation.
The story writing of 10 adults with a history of LI was compared to a group of 51 unimpaired individuals. Participants were
asked to write the story of Cinderella. Stories were analysed for length, grammatical complexity and accuracy of grammar,
punctuation and spelling. Data were analysed to determine group trends as well as individual profiles. As a group, the adults
with LI showed no difference from the comparison group in the length of their stories as measured by total number of words.
The LI group did, however, show reduced grammatical complexity in their writing, as measured by mean length of t-unit. The
LI group made more errors in grammar, spelling and punctuation than the comparison group. Individual analyses indicated substantial
variability within the LI group. It is concluded that LI in childhood is associated with writing difficulties in adulthood. 相似文献
20.
An important element of learning to read and write at school is the ability to define word boundaries. Defining word boundaries
in text writing is not a straightforward task even for children who have mastered graphophonemic correspondences. In children’s
writing, unconventional word segmentation has been observed across a range of languages and contexts with more occurrences
of hyposegmentation (failure to separate two or more written words with a space) than hypersegmentation (written words are
split into more than one segment). However, it is still unclear how frequent these errors are and the relationships of these
written error patterns to the child’s development in oral language, spelling and reading remains relatively unexplored. To
address these issues, unconventional written lexical segmentations in Brazilian Portuguese children’s text production during
their first years at primary school (Year 1 to Year 3) were examined in relation to different cognitive and linguistic measures
and patterns of spelling errors. Results reveal that in Portuguese the establishment of word boundaries in written text is
not explained by visuospatial skills or limitations in processing resources (working memory). In contrast higher occurrences
of hyposegmentation patterns were associated with lower levels of reading, vocabulary, verbal ability and morphological awareness
whereas hypersegmentations were rarer and related to lower levels of reading and morphological awareness and typically only
occurred in the initial stages of learning to write (Year 1). Occurrences of hyposegmentations as well as hypersegmentations
were also related to spelling errors which reflected children’s poor phonological skills. 相似文献