共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
利用三维VOF模型模拟消能池的淹没水跃 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用两相流理论中三维相间界面计算模型——VOF模型模拟计算水流进入急流槽消能池发生淹没式水跃的过程,跟踪自由水面的变化。模拟结果表明VOF模型能较为准确地实现自由水面的跟踪模拟。 相似文献
2.
非均匀流可分为渐变流和急变流。在明渠中渐变流的水深可能沿程逐渐增大,也可能逐渐减小,从而形成常见的壅水曲线或降水曲线;而明渠中急变流的水深可以在局部急剧增大,也可以在局部突然降低,从而形成常见的水跃或水跌。 相似文献
3.
Generalized difference simulation for coupled transport models of unsaturated soil water flow and solute 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Huanrong Li 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2011,348(9):2378-2389
The generalized difference methods (GDM) have been successfully used in numerical simulations of unsaturated soil water flow problems. The object of this paper is to extend applications of the GDM, that is, apply GDM to numerically solve one-dimensional coupled transport models of unsaturated soil water flow and solute. The semi-discrete and fully discrete generalized difference schemes are established, and the detailed algorithm of numerical approximation schemes is provided. Moreover, some numerical examples illustrate that the generalized difference methods are feasible and efficient to find the numerical solutions of one-dimensional coupled transport models in this paper. Finally, satisfactory results and some other significant and valuable conclusions are obtained from studies. 相似文献
4.
淤地坝放水建筑物由取水建筑物、放水涵洞、出口消能段组成.取水建筑物采用卧管或竖井,并通过消力池(井)与之连接;放水涵洞位于坝下,一般与坝轴线基本垂直;出口消能段一般砌筑锥体或翼墙与明渠连接,当明渠为缓坡,出口流速较小时,通常采用防冲铺砌与沟床连接,当明渠为陡坡,出口流速较大时,采用消能设施. 相似文献
5.
Cell culture and harvest are the most upstream operation for a completely integrated cell assay chip. In our previous work, thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) was successfully grafted onto polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface via benzophenone-initiated photopolymerization. In the present work, the PNIPAAm-grafted-PDMS (PNIPAAm-g-PDMS) surface was explored for thermomodulated cell culture and noninvasive harvest in microfluidic channels. Using COS 7 fibroblast from African green monkey kidney as the model cells, the thermomodulated adhering and detaching behaviors of the cells on the PNIPAAm-g-PDMS surfaces were optimized with respect to PNIPAAm-grafting yields and gelatin modification. The viability of the cells cultured on and harvested from the PNIPAAm-g-PDMS surface with the thermomodulated noninvasive protocol was estimated against the traditional cell culture∕harvest method involving trypsin digestion. The configuration of the microchannel on the PNIPAAm-g-PDMS chip was evaluated for static cell culture. Using a pipette-shaped PNIPAAm-g-PDMS microchannel, long-term cell culture could be achieved at 37 °C with periodic change of the culture medium every 12 h. After moving the microchip from the incubator set at 37 °C to the room temperature, the proliferated cells could be spontaneously detached from the PNIPAAm-g-PDMS surface of the upstream chamber and transferred by a gentle fluid flow to the downstream chamber, wherein the transferred cells could be subcultured. The thermomodulated cell culture, harvest, and passage operations on the PNIPAAm-g-PDMS microfluidic channels were demonstrated. 相似文献
6.
为了研究口模出口高度变化对螺杆分配机头内部流场和挤出均匀性的影响,参数化有限元分析技术贯穿于螺杆分配机头CAE仿真的全过程,采用VISUAL C＋＋和APDL语言开发出专用有限元前处理程序和特殊加载宏,调用ANSYS对螺杆分配机头流道内部流场进行三维有限元模拟与分析。分析结果表明：口模出口高度变小将增加流道内的流动阻力,显著增大狭缝流道内各部分区域过渡截面中间层节点的压力值和口模出口的挤出速度值。当口模出口高度调节较大时,有必要重新调节阻尼块以提高速度分布的均匀性。 相似文献
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在堰顶上由于堰的上游水流受阻,水面壅高。势能转化为动能,水深变小,速度变大,使动能增大。堰流属急变流。在计算堰流时,主要考虑局部阻力,其沿程阻力可忽略。在惯性的作用下,水流溢过堰顶时,均会有脱离堰（构筑物）的趋势,在表面张力的作用下,液流的自由表面会有收缩现象。 相似文献
9.
This paper presents a numerical study of DC-biased AC-electrokinetic (DC-biased ACEK) flow over a pair of symmetrical electrodes. The flow mechanism is based on a transverse conductivity gradient created through incipient Faradaic reactions occurring at the electrodes when a DC-bias is applied. The DC biased AC electric field acting on this gradient generates a fluid flow in the form of vortexes. To understand more in depth the DC-biased ACEK flow mechanism, a phenomenological model is developed to study the effects of voltage, conductivity ratio, channel width, depth, and aspect ratio on the induced flow characteristics. It was found that flow velocity on the order of mm/s can be produced at higher voltage and conductivity ratio. Such rapid flow velocity is one of the highest reported in microsystems technology using electrokinetics. 相似文献
10.
Leble V Lima R Dias R Fernandes C Ishikawa T Imai Y Yamaguchi T 《Biomicrofluidics》2011,5(4):44120-4412015
In microcirculation, red blood cells (RBCs) flowing through bifurcations may deform considerably due to combination of different phenomena that happen at the micro-scale level, such as: attraction effect, high shear, and extensional stress, all of which may influence the rheological properties and flow behavior of blood. Thus, it is important to investigate in detail the behavior of blood flow occurring at both bifurcations and confluences. In the present paper, by using a micro-PTV system, we investigated the variations of velocity profiles of two working fluids flowing through diverging and converging bifurcations, human red blood cells suspended in dextran 40 with about 14% of hematocrit level (14 Hct) and pure water seeded with fluorescent trace particles. All the measurements were performed in the center plane of rectangular microchannels using a constant flow rate of about 3.0 × 10−12 m3/s. Moreover, the experimental data was compared with numerical results obtained for Newtonian incompressible fluid. The behavior of RBCs was asymmetric at the divergent and convergent side of the geometry, whereas the velocities of tracer particles suspended in pure water were symmetric and well described by numerical simulation. The formation of a red cell-depleted zone immediately downstream of the apex of the converging bifurcation was observed and its effect on velocity profiles of RBCs flow has been investigated. Conversely, a cell-depleted region was not formed around the apex of the diverging bifurcation and as a result the adhesion of RBCs to the wall surface was enhanced in this region. 相似文献
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明渠中水流的运动要素不随时间而变化时,称为明渠恒定流;否则称为明渠非恒定流。明渠恒定流中,如果水流流线是一簇平行的直线,且水深、断面平均流速沿程不变,称为明渠恒定均匀流;如果流线不是平行直线,则称为明渠恒定非均匀流。 相似文献
13.
锅炉排烟温度过高会造成热损失,增设低压省煤器对于降低电厂排烟温度,提高电厂热经济性,保护空气预热器的安全运行具有重要意义。H型鳍片管是一种广泛应用于低压省煤器的换热元件。本文以一种H型鳍片管为例,通过数值模拟对其传热过程进行了分析,获得了H型鳍片管翅片侧表面传热系数和流动阻力随烟气流速和鳍片节距的变化规律。 相似文献
14.
拉萨甲玛湿地鱼类资源及其时空分布 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
近年来,青藏高原丰富的湿地资源和独特的鱼类组成正面临着人类活动和全球气候变化的影响。2009年春、夏、秋,使用地笼调查了拉萨甲玛湿地的鱼类资源及其时空分布。根据植被类型和流速,将湿地分为静水沉水草型(SS)、流水挺水草型(FE)和流水沉水草型(FS)3种生境进行采样。共捕获6种鱼类计3318尾,拉萨裸裂尻鱼Schizopygopsis younghusbandi younghusband(i26.1%)和东方高原鳅Triplophysa orientali(s22.3%)是优势种。甲玛湿地是小型鱼类和较大型鱼类幼鱼的生活场所,相比于其他地区,其渔获物中缺乏异尾高原鳅和拉萨裸裂尻鱼较大个体的样本。甲玛湿地鱼类多样性较低,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数为1.718,Simpson优势度指数为0.191,Pielou均一度指数为0.959。生境、季节和昼夜对鱼类种类没有影响,但对鱼类群落结构和渔获量有显著影响。FS生境的鱼类数量显著多于SS(p=0.006)和FE生境(p=0.002),不同种类的鱼对生境有不同的选择性。春季的鱼类数量远远大于夏季(p0.001)和秋季(p0.001),且季节差异随种类而不同。夜间的渔获量显著多于白天(p=0.014),大多数种类在夜间更活跃。 相似文献
15.
城市水系规划中水利计算具有断面汇水面积不易确定,水力交换复杂,流向不易确定,存在往复流现象,受水系边界条件影响显著,水系上控制建筑物种类繁多不能忽略等特点,传统的水利计算方法不能很好的适用于城市水系的水利计算。一维非恒定流水力计算是基于对水流运动的数学方法描述动态反映河网水流运动状态的方法,能很好满足城市水系规划对水利计算的要求。以广东省佛山市南海区里水水系整治规划中的水利计算为例,说明非恒定流方法在城市水系规划水利计算中的应用。 相似文献
16.
Malaria-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) become less deformable with the progression of infection and tend to occlude microcapillaries. This process has been investigated in vitro using microfluidic channels. The objective of this paper is to provide a quantitative basis for interpreting the experimental observations of iRBC occlusion of microfluidic channels. Using a particle-based model for the iRBC, we simulate the traverse of iRBCs through a converging microfluidic channel and explore the progressive loss of cell deformability due to three factors: the stiffening of the membrane, the reduction of the cell''s surface-volume ratio, and the growing solid parasites inside the cell. When examined individually, each factor tends to hinder the passage of the iRBC and lengthen the transit time. Moreover, at sufficient magnitude, each may lead to obstruction of narrow microfluidic channels. We then integrate the three factors into a series of simulations that mimic the development of malaria infection through the ring, trophozoite, and schizont stages. These simulations successfully reproduce the experimental observation that with progression of infection, the iRBC transitions from passage to blockage in larger and larger channels. The numerical results suggest a scheme for quantifying iRBC rigidification through microfluidic measurements of the critical pressure required for passage. 相似文献
17.
Oxygen and glucose supply is one of the important factors for the growth and viability of the cells in cultivation of tissues, e.g., spheroid, multilayered cells, and three-dimensional tissue construct. In this study, we used finite element methods to simulate the flow profile as well as oxygen and glucose supply to the multilayered cells in a microwell array chip for static and perfusion cultures. The simulation results indicated that oxygen supply is more crucial than glucose supply in both static and perfusion cultures, and that the oxygen supply through the wall of the perfusion culture chip is important in perfusion cultures. Glucose concentrations decline with time in static cultures, whereas they can be maintained at a constant level over time in perfusion cultures. The simulation of perfusion cultures indicated that the important parameters for glucose supply are the flow rate of the perfusion medium and the length of the cell culture chamber. In a perfusion culture chip made of oxygen-permeable materials, e.g., polydimethylsiloxane, oxygen is hardly supplied via the perfusion medium, but mainly supplied through the walls of the perfusion culture chip. The simulation of perfusion cultures indicated that the important parameters for oxygen supply are the thickness of the flow channel and the oxygen permeability of the walls of the channel, i.e., the type of material and the thickness of the wall. 相似文献
18.
A network thermodynamic method is presented which utilizes SPICE2, a computer program for simulating nonlinear electrical circuits, to model and simulate a number of nonlinear, dynamic physiological systems. Ordinary circuit diagrams are presented along with bond graph representations to facilitate translation into the simulation language. Examples discussed are a compartmental model of sodium flow in frog skin, coupled salt and volume flow in kidney proximal tubule and a cancer chemotherapeutic agent's permeation and metabolism in a cancer cell. 相似文献
19.
In this paper, a detailed numerical and experimental investigation into the optimisation of hydrodynamic micro-trapping arrays for high-throughput capture of single polystyrene (PS) microparticles and three different types of live cells at trapping times of 30 min or less is described. Four different trap geometries (triangular, square, conical, and elliptical) were investigated within three different device generations, in which device architecture, channel geometry, inter-trap spacing, trap size, and trap density were varied. Numerical simulation confirmed that (1) the calculated device dimensions permitted partitioned flow between the main channel and the trap channel, and further, preferential flow through the trap channel in the absence of any obstruction; (2) different trap shapes, all having the same dimensional parameters in terms of depth, trapping channel lengths and widths, main channel lengths and widths, produce contrasting streamline plots and that the interaction of the fluid with the different geometries can produce areas of stagnated flow or distorted field lines; and (3) that once trapped, any motion of the trapped particle or cell or a shift in its configuration within the trap can result in significant increases in pressures on the cell surface and variations in the shear stress distribution across the cell’s surface. Numerical outcomes were then validated experimentally in terms of the impact of these variations in device design elements on the percent occupancy of the trapping array (with one or more particles or cells) within these targeted short timeframes. Limitations on obtaining high trap occupancies in the devices were shown to be primarily a result of particle aggregation, channel clogging and the trap aperture size. These limitations could be overcome somewhat by optimisation of these device design elements and other operational variables, such as the average carrier fluid velocity. For example, for the 20 μm polystyrene microparticles, the number of filled traps increased from 32% to 42% during 5–10 min experiments in devices with smaller apertures. Similarly, a 40%–60% reduction in trapping channel size resulted in an increase in the amount of filled traps, from 0% to almost 90% in 10 min, for the human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells, and 15%–85% in 15 min for the human embryonic stem cells. Last, a reduction of the average carrier fluid velocity by 50% resulted in an increase from 80% to 92% occupancy of single algae cells in traps. Interestingly, changes in the physical properties of the species being trapped also had a substantial impact, as regardless of the trap shape, higher percent occupancies were observed with cells compared to single PS microparticles in the same device, even though they are of approximately the same size. This investigation showed that in microfluidic single cell capture arrays, the trap shape that maximizes cell viability is not necessarily the most efficient for high-speed single cell capture. However, high-speed trapping configurations for delicate mammalian cells are possible but must be optimised for each cell type and designed principally in accordance with the trap size to cell size ratio. 相似文献