共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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《西安体育学院学报》2014,(1):90-95
应激-运动损伤理论认为人格特征对于运动员急性运动损伤的影响存在直接影响效应和调节效应,为验证该假设,研究采用《运动焦虑量表》对243名运动员的多维竞赛特质焦虑进行了测量,并对其过去1年内急性运动损伤的情况进行调查,最后主要采用二项Logistic回归分析,考察了运动员多维竞赛特质焦虑对急性运动损伤的影响效应。研究结果显示:担忧性竞赛特质焦虑、躯体化竞赛特质焦虑以及担忧性竞赛特质焦虑与消极生活应激的交互作用的OR值分别为1.782(P<0.05)、1.381(P<0.05)、1.091(P<0.05),表明运动员的躯体化竞赛特质焦虑对急性运动损伤的发生具有直接影响效应,而认知性竞赛特质焦虑既对急性运动损伤产生直接影响效应,又能调节消极生活应激对急性运动损伤的影响,起到调节变量的作用。 相似文献
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静力性拉伸是竞技体育热身环节中应用最为广泛的拉伸方式,如何充分发挥其增加关节活动范围、减少运动损伤的急性效应,同时避免其降低力量或爆发力表现的急性效应是摆在教练员和运动员面前的一个难题。通过对静力性拉伸相关文献的梳理,讨论了静力性拉伸对关节活动范围、运动损伤和力量或爆发力表现急性效应的多重作用,厘清其产生急性效应的生理机制,并分析影响其急性效应的相关变量。研究认为,在既定的拉伸时间下,重复次数对静力性拉伸急性效应的影响甚微,把拉伸时间控制在45s左右、使用次最大拉伸强度、把静力性拉伸与动力性练习组合、将静力性拉伸置于专项练习之前进行,既能最大限度地发挥静力性拉伸增加关节活动范围、减少运动损伤的急性效应,又能有效地降低其对力量或爆发力表现的负面效应。 相似文献
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本文通过对田径运动中出现的急性损伤的症状分析,提出了对不同损伤的处理方法及康复手段,又对合理的药物治疗提出建议,为田径教练员或体育教师处理急性损伤提供参考。 相似文献
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NK细胞及其与运动的关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
运用文献综述的方法 ,对NK细胞的免疫学特征及急性运动和慢性运动对NK细胞的影响进行了分析 ,并初步探讨了急性运动和慢性运动对NK细胞产生作用的机制及其对机体的意义。 相似文献
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李敏 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2010,28(3)
胶原是肌腱细胞外基质中的主要成分,对于维持肌腱的强度、传递肌肉所产生的力具有重要的作用。长期运动可增加胶原的含量,提高肌腱抗负载的能力。一次和长期运动可调节不同类型胶原的合成,而运动后肌腱中不同类型胶原合成主要和运动负荷有关,并受体内雌二醇量的影响。一些基质金属蛋白酶的表达和活性在运动后会提高,增加胶原的降解量,从而提高了肌腱中胶原的更新率。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 6 weeks of resistance training to volitional failure at low (30% 1 repetition maximum (RM)) or high (80%1RM) loads on gains in muscle size and strength in young women. Thirteen women (age: 29.7 ± 4.7years; height 166.7 ± 6.4cm; weight 64.2 ± 12.2kg) completed 2 training sessions per week for 6 weeks and muscle strength (1RM), muscle thickness (ultrasound) were measured before and after training. Training comprised 1 set to volitional failure of unilateral leg extensions and bicep curls with each limb randomly assigned to train at either 80% 1RM or 30% 1RM. Increases in muscle thickness [arms: 6.81 ± 3.15% (30% 1RM), 5.90 ± 3.13% (80% 1RM) and legs: 9.37 ± 5.61% (30% 1RM), 9.13 ± 7.9% (80% 1RM)] and strength [arms: 15.4 ± 12.2% (30% 1RM), 18.26 ± 12.2% (80% 1RM) and legs: 25.30 ± 18.4 (30% 1RM), 27.20 ± 14.5 (80% 1RM)] were not different between loads. When resistance exercise is performed to volitional failure gains in muscle size and strength are independent of load in young women. 相似文献
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Although much research has examined the relationship between exercise and affect, few studies have considered the effects of exercise bouts of different durations and few researchers have questioned the longer term effects that might be associated with acute exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the standard health recommended exercise duration of 30?min with a shorter (15?min) bout of exercise upon individuals' affect scores both during and after exercise. Twenty-three (mean age 22.4 years) physically active participants engaged in two counterbalanced cycle ergometer exercise conditions for 15?min (short bout) and 30?min (moderate bout). The participants completed the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale before, during, 5?min, 30 mins, 1?h and 2?h after both exercise conditions. A series of 2 × 6 within-participant repeated-measures analyses of variance for positive well-being (P?<0.01), psychological distress (P?<0.01) and fatigue (P?<0.01) scores revealed significant time main effects, with improved scores over time. No significant differences were noted between the 15-min and 30-min exercise bouts. These results indicate that positive affective responses are experienced by exercisers after relatively short bouts of acute exercise and these effects can still be evident some time later. 相似文献
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Heart failure represents the end point of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. It is a growing health burden and a leading cause of death worldwide. To date, limited treatment options exist for the treatment of heart failure, but exercise has been well-established as one of the few safe and effective interventions, leading to improved outcomes in patients. However, a lack of patient adherence remains a significant barrier in the implementation of exercise-based therapy for the treatment of heart failure. The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)–phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has been recognized as perhaps the most critical pathway for mediating exercised-induced heart growth and protection. Here, we discuss how modulating activity of the IGF1–PI3K pathway may be a valuable approach for the development of therapies that mimic the protective effects of exercise on the heart. We outline some of the promising approaches being investigated that utilize PI3K-based therapy for the treatment of heart failure. We discuss the implications for cardiac pathology and cardiotoxicity that arise in a setting of reduced PI3K activity. Finally, we discuss the use of animal models of cardiac health and disease, and genetic mice with increased or decreased cardiac PI3K activity for the discovery of novel drug targets and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. 相似文献
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Many physically active individuals have undertaken intermittent fasting to reduce their daily caloric intake. However, abstaining from meals for a specific length of time may lead to the acute disturbance of highly carbohydrate-dependent exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of 10 days of intermittent fasting on high-intensity type exercises, Wingate anaerobic (WT) and prolonged high-intensity time-to-exhaustion (HIT) cycling test. Twenty participants were randomised into an intermittent fasting (FAS) and a control group (CON). One day after baseline data collection on Day-0 where participants consumed their recommended daily caloric intake (FAS?=?2500?±?143?kcal?day?1; CON?=?2492?±?20?kcal?day?1) served over a course of five meals, the FAS group consumed only four meals where 40% was restricted by the omission of lunch (FAS?=?1500?±?55?kcal?day?1). This diet was then continued for 10 days. Data on exercise performance and other dependent variables were collected on Day-2, -4, -6, -8 and -10. A reduction in WT power in the FAS group was observed on Day-2 (821.74?±?66.07?W) compared to Day-0 (847.63?±?95.94?W) with a moderate effect size (p?p?p?相似文献
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Aaron T. Piepmeier Jennifer L. Etnier Kimberly S. Fasczewski 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(9):1264-1270
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the perceived purpose of exercising on the self-selected distance peddled during an acute cycling task. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups (health, wealth, charity). All participants watched a video emphasizing the health benefits of performing at least 30?min of daily exercise. Those in the health group were not provided any additional information. Those in the wealth group were then informed that they would earn money for every two kilometres cycled. Those in the charity group were informed that they would earn money for a charity for every two kilometres cycled. Participants were not given a time/distance limit and were instructed to cycle until they chose to stop. Analyses revealed that participants in the wealth and charity group cycled significantly farther than those in the health group (approximately twice as far). Additionally, a significant sex by group interaction showed that women cycled farther for charity while men cycled farther for wealth. These results suggest that health messages used to increase exercise behaviour may benefit from exploring how paradigms from behavioural economics influence behaviors that have relevance to public health. 相似文献
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目的 :分析运动性急性腰部扭伤中漏诊腰椎小关节错位的特点 ,提高防治水平。方法 :回顾总结以往出现的 16例漏诊病例的特点。结论 :腰椎小关节错位的临床表现常常会被运动性急性腰部扭伤的剧烈临床症状所掩盖 ,提高鉴别诊断能力 ,综合预防与治疗手段 ,可使患者及早痊愈 相似文献