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1.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine: (a) if preperformance behaviors display a consistent rhythm across disparate activities; and (b) the relationship of periodicity for such preperformance routines to successful performance. Seven male volunteers were subjects for this study. Each subject had an established ritual for golf putt, basketball free throw, and tennis serve. Data were collected with a motion-analysis system and video camera while the subjects performed each activity. Dependent measures were types of preperformance behaviors, absolute timing of behaviors, relative timing of behaviors, differences in relative times across activities, and successful performance, and mechanical variables related to performance. Analysis of variance (Subject x Activity) indicated significant main effects and interactions for absolute and relative timing of behaviors. Significant correlations were determined to exist between relative time and success, and differences were found between relative times across activity and successful performance. It was concluded that rituals result from endogenous rhythms and that stable periodicity of behaviors across activities promotes successful performance. 相似文献
2.
The influence of rhythm and personality in the endurance response to motivational asynchronous music
In this study, we examined participants' responses to motivational asynchronous music by isolating rhythmical properties and exploring personality correlates. Fifty-eight physically active participants (41 men and 17 women) aged 22.3 +/- 6.4 years performed an isometric weight-holding task on three occasions while being randomly exposed to no music, rhythm and motivational music. The rhythm and music conditions were edited portions of the same musical selection and had identical fast tempi, although the rhythm condition contained no melody, harmonies or lyrics. Participants each completed a copy of Cattell's 16PF following the third and final trial. A repeated-measures analysis of variance found the participants held the weight suspended for significantly longer when listening to motivational music in comparison to rhythm or no music. When listening to rhythm, participants endured the task for significantly longer than when listening to no music. The response to music was found to be significantly related to liveliness, while sensitivity correlated with responses to music factors (harmony, melody, lyrics, etc.) not present in the rhythm condition. These results suggest that responses to motivational music are subtle in nature and are determined by both musical factors and individual characteristics, and potentially an interaction between the two. 相似文献
3.
The influence of rhythm and personality in the endurance response to motivational asynchronous music
Abstract In this study, we examined participants' responses to motivational asynchronous music by isolating rhythmical properties and exploring personality correlates. Fifty-eight physically active participants (41 men and 17 women) aged 22.3 ± 6.4 years performed an isometric weight-holding task on three occasions while being randomly exposed to no music, rhythm and motivational music. The rhythm and music conditions were edited portions of the same musical selection and had identical fast tempi, although the rhythm condition contained no melody, harmonies or lyrics. Participants each completed a copy of Cattell's 16PF following the third and final trial. A repeated-measures analysis of variance found the participants held the weight suspended for significantly longer when listening to motivational music in comparison to rhythm or no music. When listening to rhythm, participants endured the task for significantly longer than when listening to no music. The response to music was found to be significantly related to liveliness, while sensitivity correlated with responses to music factors (harmony, melody, lyrics, etc.) not present in the rhythm condition. These results suggest that responses to motivational music are subtle in nature and are determined by both musical factors and individual characteristics, and potentially an interaction between the two. 相似文献
4.
The use of music during exercise has become ubiquitous over the past two decades and is now supported by a burgeoning body of research detailing its effects and the contingencies surrounding its use. The purpose of this statement is to present a synopsis of the body of knowledge, with selected references, and to provide practical recommendations for exercise practitioners regarding music selection. Following the identification of methodological shortcomings in early studies, researchers have been guided by new conceptual frameworks, and have produced more consistent findings as a consequence. The use of music has been found to yield ergogenic effects in the exercise domain while also promoting psychological (e.g. enhanced affect) and psychophysical (reduced ratings of perceived exertion) benefits. There is a paucity of research examining the longitudinal effects of music on key outcome variables such as exercise adherence. 相似文献
5.
普通高校网球选项课的特点及教学探讨 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
网球课作为诸多选项课中最受大学生们欢迎与喜爱的课程之一，在教学形式、教学手段方面有待进一步改进与完善。通过对网球选项课教学中可能遇到的一些问题，如专项运动本身的技术难点、教学对象的状况、教师的教学状况等的研究与分析，提出：在教学中必须寻找核心，走捷径；对技术动作进行优化组合；以理论指导实践，发挥学生智力优势。 相似文献
6.
音乐对运动训练及运动性疲劳影响的研究述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
综述了1991年以来国内外在音乐对运动训练及运动性疲劳的影响的研究进展。研究表明运动前聆听音乐有助于提高速度或耐力,中低强度运动中聆听音乐可减轻疲劳感,运动后聆听音乐能促进运动性疲劳的消除,而且训练中聆听音乐还可以提高训练效果。 相似文献
7.
黑龙江省普通高校乒乓球选修课开展现状及对策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
殷晓丽 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2010,(6):84-85
采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、调查问卷法、数理统计法对黑龙江省部分高校的乒乓球选修课开展情况进行了调查和研究。通过研究提出了改善乒乓球选修课开展现状的对策和建议,以期为乒乓球选修课教学提供参考。 相似文献
8.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum and maximum velocity of the tennis ball for selected heights of contact and angles of projection and wall impact points during the tennis serve. By use of a ballistics formula, a number of variables which determine the trajectory of the tennis ball were programed for the computer. Tables were tabulated and are available for all data gathered. Angles of projection from the horizontal were selected to range from ?5° to 15° in increments of 1°. Velocity of the serve ranged from a low of 30 ft. per second to a high of 176 ft. per second. Finally, the height of the contact point ranged from a low of 6.0 ft. to a high of 9.0 ft. in increments of .5 ft. Height of the ball when crossing the net (impact point on the practice court) ranged from a low of 3.01 ft. to a high of 8.47 ft. The minimum height at crossing was achieved at 6.5 ft. service height, a ?3° angle of projection and time from baseline of .30 sec. This is a relatively high velocity serve. In contrast, the maximum height over the net of 8.47 ft. was achieved at an 8.5 ft. service height, a 15° angle of projection, and time of .79 sec. to point of impact. These data indicate that at higher service heights and slower velocities, a ball can hit the impact area as much as 8.47 ft. from the floor, 4.47 ft. above the net and still remain in the service court. 相似文献
9.
ABSTRACTThere is a widespread belief that success at the elite level leads to increasing mass participation in sports. However, this assumption is merely supported by empirical evidence and is analyzed here for the case of table tennis. Therefore long-term data (1964–2014) on participation in Germany, France and Austria is statistically tested for effects of success by the countries’ athletes at international competitions. Results indicate that no general trickle-down effect can be confirmed for table tennis in the countries observed. Rather, findings are ambivalent, as a strong positive effect was found for the Austrian case, but a paradox relation for the German case, where elite success has been accompanied by decreasing participation in the last decades. Accordingly, as an “automatic” trickle-down effect is unlikely, more specific analyses and strategies seem necessary to use elite success as a lever for the promotion of the sport. 相似文献
10.
论鹰眼系统对网球运动竞赛发展的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
黄道名 《体育科技文献通报》2008,16(8):52-54
随着网球运动竞赛的迅速发展，运动员对自身的技术要求越来越精确，在赛场上经常出现运动员与裁判为一球的落点而发生争执。鹰眼系统的引入使网球运动竞赛发生了深刻的变化，无论对球员、球迷还是电视观众，这项新技术都为网球注入了新的元素。本文通过对鹰眼系统在网球运动竞赛发展中的影响，剖解了鹰眼系统给网球竞赛带来的全新革命，它保证了比赛的公平判决，还有鹰眼赛时拍摄动作的展现、精确的数据分析等，但鹰眼系统带来的负面影响也是无法避免的：比赛中的情绪干扰、赛程的连贯性、赛场使用的公平性等。 相似文献
11.
ROBIN JACKSON 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):503-509
I present a re-analysis of the data from Farrow and Abernethy's (2002) study of implicit perceptual training in tennis. I argue that there are several weaknesses and mistakes in the original analysis, which, when rectified, lead to a fundamentally different set of conclusions to those given in the original paper. Specifically, there are significant group differences in anticipatory performance before the intervention that make subsequent between-group comparisons at specific occlusion points problematic. Second, in contrast to what is reported in the original paper, the explicit learning intervention resulted in a significant improvement in performance. In addition, a comparison of the effects of the different interventions indicates that the placebo group demonstrated the largest mean improvement in anticipation for the four occlusion points up to racquet-ball impact. Third, the non-significant change in performance over a 32-day retention period indicates that any improvements in performance were retained, not lost, over this period of time. Following a re-analysis of the original data, I conclude that Farrow and Abernethy's study provides no evidence that an implicit perceptual training paradigm improves anticipatory performance more than either an explicit learning paradigm or, indeed, an intervention involving mere observation of tennis matches. 相似文献
12.
In this study, we evaluated the effect of the use of tennis racket string vibration dampers on racket handle vibrations, and perceptions of hand and arm discomfort experienced by tennis players owing to stationary racket impacts. Twenty tennis players (10 males, 10 females) aged 18-29 years volunteered for the study. Two different racket models were impacted at the geometric centre of the racket face and 100 mm distal to the centre both with and without string vibration dampers in place. The participants could neither see nor hear the impacts, and they indicated their discomfort immediately after each impact using a visual analogue scale. An analysis of variance (2 x 2 x 2 factorial) was performed on the scaled discomfort ratings with the factors damping condition, racket type and impact location. No significant differences in discomfort ratings between damped and undamped impacts or between the two racket types were found. Also, central impacts were found to be more comfortable than impacts 100 mm distal to the centre (P< 0.05). There were no significant interaction effects. Vibration traces from an accelerometer mounted on the racket handle revealed that string vibration dampers quickly absorbed high-frequency string vibration without attenuating the lower-frequency frame vibration. In conclusion, we found no evidence to support the contention that string vibration dampers reduce hand and arm impact discomfort. 相似文献
13.
Adam S. Gale-Watts 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):948-954
The aim of the present study was to identify whether the relative shape and size characteristics of elite male tennis players have changed over time, and in addition whether any anthropometric parameters characterise the more successful players in Grand Slam tournaments. The height and body mass of the players qualifying for the first round in all four Grand Slam tennis tournaments during the period 1982–2011 was obtained, and successful players defined arbitrarily as those reaching round 3 or beyond. Body mass index (BMI) and the reciprocal ponderal index (RPI) were used as our measures of body shape. Multilevel modelling was used to explore the trend over time using non-linear polynomials. The results suggest that the body shape of elite tennis players has changed over time, with a non-linear (cubic polynomial regression model) increase in BMI and a similar non-linear decline in the RPI. BMI, reflecting greater muscle mass rather than greater adiposity, has emerged as an important factor associated with success, identified by a significantly positive (steeper) “successful player”-by-“year” interaction term. The evidence that the RPI of elite tennis players has also decreased over time, together with a significantly negative “successful player”-by-“year” interaction term, suggests that a more linear (ectomorphic) body shape is a less important factor in terms of success. These results suggest that elite male tennis players are becoming more power trained athletes as opposed to endurance athletes, with greater muscle mass being an important factor associated with success in all Grand Slam tournaments. 相似文献
14.
Tunstall H Mullineaux DR Vernon T 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2005,4(1):101-111
Isokinetic dynamometry is used in the assessment and rehabilitation of shoulder function in tennis players. The aim of this study was to validate a newly installed Biodex III Isokinetic Dynamometer for internal and external shoulder rotation. A non-injured male performed this movement which replicates an integral section of the tennis service action (Cohen et al., 1994). Three maximal trials were performed at six randomly assigned angular velocities (0.52, 1.05, 1.57, 2.09, 2.62 and 3.14 rad x s(-1)) with 90 s rest between each set. Trials were recorded using an on-line motion analysis system and kinematic data were obtained. Kinematic angular displacement of the lever arm was slightly greater (> or = 0.01 rad x s(-1)) than for the isokinetic dynamometer at all test angular velocities. Mean angular velocities from the kinematic data were almost identical to those from the isokinetic dynamometer but less than the target values, and this difference (e.g. 2.55 rad x s(-1) at 3.14 rad x s(-1)) was greater at higher angular velocities owing to the greater acceleration phases required. Peak angular velocity was similar on the isokinetic dynamometer to the target values, but substantially less than those from the kinematic data (e.g. 0.68 rad x s(-1) at 0.52 rad x s(-1)). This suggests that the isokinetic data are over-smoothed and may mask important information. In summary, criterion validity of this isokinetic dynamometer is supported for displacement and mean angular velocity, but not for peak angular velocity. Shoulder rotations in tennis are often at angular velocities greater than the Biodex can reproduce, but for the purpose of monitoring the shoulder strength and range of motion of tennis players and providing safe functional rehabilitation, the use of slower angular velocities is acceptable. 相似文献
15.
Jackson RC 《Journal of sports sciences》2003,21(6):503-9; discussion 511-3
I present a re-analysis of the data from Farrow and Abernethy's (2002) study of implicit perceptual training in tennis. I argue that there are several weaknesses and mistakes in the original analysis, which, when rectified, lead to a fundamentally different set of conclusions to those given in the original paper. Specifically, there are significant group differences in anticipatory performance before the intervention that make subsequent between-group comparisons at specific occlusion points problematic. Second, in contrast to what is reported in the original paper, the explicit learning intervention resulted in a significant improvement in performance. In addition, a comparison of the effects of the different interventions indicates that the placebo group demonstrated the largest mean improvement in anticipation for the four occlusion points up to racquet-ball impact. Third, the non-significant change in performance over a 32-day retention period indicates that any improvements in performance were retained, not lost, over this period of time. Following a re-analysis of the original data, I conclude that Farrow and Abernethy's study provides no evidence that an implicit perceptual training paradigm improves anticipatory performance more than either an explicit learning paradigm or, indeed, an intervention involving mere observation of tennis matches. 相似文献
16.
An explicit finite-element (FE) model of a pressurised tennis ball is presented. The FE model was used to model an oblique
impact between a tennis ball and a rigid tennis surface, to further the understanding of this impact. Impacts were also conducted
in the laboratory and the results from the FE model were in good agreement with this experimental data. The FE model was used
to illustrate why a tennis ball rebounds with a higher vertical coefficient of restitution in an oblique impact compared to
an equivalent impact perpendicular to the surface; this equivalent perpendicular impact has the same inbound velocity as the
vertical component of the oblique impact. The FE model was also used to illustrate that the structural compliance of the felt
covering on a tennis ball was a contributing factor to the ball attaining more spin in the impact than would have been calculated
using a conventional analytical model. Also, the spin values calculated in the FE simulation were in good agreement with experimental
data. 相似文献
17.
The purpose of this study was to determine if experienced tennis teachers could be differentiated from inexperienced tennis teachers on the basis of their ability to identify common performance errors in films depicting the performance of the tennis forehand. The study also sought to determine if the differences in error detection proficiency between the two groups would be greater when subjects were provided with preresponse information concerning the performer's level of competence in the skill (PCI) and postresponse information concerning the outcome produced by the response (POI). The error detection proficiency of 40 experienced tennis teachers and 40 undergraduate physical education students was assessed under conditions of PCI and POI present, PCI present and POI absent, PCI absent and POI present, and PCI and POI absent. Results indicated that the experienced teachers, although significantly more accurate in detecting errors than the novice teachers, were only marginally so. No positive effects on error detection accuracy were observed for PCI and the facilitative effects for POI tended to be small and generalized to both experienced and inexperienced subjects rather than being specifically helpful to the experienced teachers. The differences between experienced and inexperienced teachers appeared to be due to fewer false alarms committed by the experienced teachers. 相似文献
18.
当今世界网坛已经是体能与技术的融合,良好的体能是网球比赛的制胜法宝.同样,节省体能的打法更能够为在马拉松式的网球比赛的取胜增砖添瓦.节省体能的方法其一是要尽可能消耗对手的体力,其次要尽量减少己方的移动,同时要尽可能加强情绪自控,减少赛间的剧烈运动及情绪宣泄. 相似文献
19.
中国乒乓球运动员智力发展水平的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
用韦克斯勒智力量表对95名不同水平的中国乒乓球运动员进行的测试结果表明,中国乒乓球运动员的智力发展水平从总体上看属中等智力发展水平(全量表智商X=105.85,S=15.36),言语智商略高于操作智商(107.83:101.59)。不同水平乒乓球运动员智力发展的高低次序为:乒乓球专业大学生、中国国家队、中国青年队。训练年限与言语智商有可靠的低度负相关(r=-0.22,P<0.05)。这些结果与过去这类研究的结论有所不同,表明目前尚无充分证据证明智力发展水平同训练水平之间的因果联系。 相似文献
20.
武汉市高校网球运动开展现状研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用文献资料、问卷调查、实地调查访问等方法对武汉市高等院校的网球运动开展状况进行了调查研究,发现在武汉市高等院校网球运动发展过程中学生的学习兴趣很浓厚、学生对高校开展网球运动的前景持乐观态度、高校具有良好的资源条件和较好的网球设施等好的方面,但同时存在着网球场地严重不足、师资缺乏、网球课程开设较少等问题. 相似文献