共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
基于退耕还林引起的土地利用变化的基础上,采用参与式农村评估的方法,对其生态系统服务变化和农户福祉的变化进行分析,并探讨了二者的关系。主要结论如下:退耕还林以来宁武县土地生态系统服务因子均发生变化,提供食物产品服务明显降低,消遣和生态旅游服务明显提高;研究区农户福祉处于较低水平,各村庄存在明显的空间异质性;各福祉要素中,健康状况、资源安全和环境安全三项福祉要素的空间分异较小,其他要素空间分异较大;2001-2011年,研究区农户福祉从36.61增长到40.40,增长率为10.35%,各要素中变化最显著的是收入水平和生产资料满意度,其中收入水平呈现正增长,生产资料满意度呈现负增长;对农户福祉影响较显著的生态系统服务因子依次为消遣和生态旅游,食物产品供给、处理废弃物、气候调节和非食物产品供给。 相似文献
2.
黄土高原土石山区退耕还林对农户福祉的影响研究——以宁武县为例简 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于退耕还林引起的土地利用变化的基础上,采用参与式农村评估的方法,对其生态系统服务变化和农户福祉的变化进行分析,并探讨了二者的关系。主要结论如下：退耕还林以来宁武县土地生态系统服务因子均发生变化,提供食物产品服务明显降低,消遣和生态旅游服务明显提高;研究区农户福祉处于较低水平,各村庄存在明显的空间异质性;各福祉要素中,健康状况、资源安全和环境安全三项福祉要素的空间分异较小,其他要素空间分异较大;2001-2011年,研究区农户福祉从36.61增长到40.40,增长率为10.35%,各要素中变化最显著的是收入水平和生产资料满意度,其中收入水平呈现正增长,生产资料满意度呈现负增长;对农户福祉影响较显著的生态系统服务因子依次为消遣和生态旅游,食物产品供给、处理废弃物、气候调节和非食物产品供给。 相似文献
3.
提高农户主观福祉对于贫困地区的可持续发展尤为重要,是三农问题所面临的重要课题。本文以贫困山区湖南省湘西州7个县(市、区)的356个农户为样本,基于结构方程模型研究了影响农户主观福祉的主要因素。研究结果表明,农户自身特征、家庭特征、财富水平、生态系统、社会环境等因素均不同程度地影响农户主观福祉。其中,健康状况、家庭总收入、资源收入、政策满意度、邻居社会关系均对农户主观福祉积极影响最为显著;林地面积、家庭人口、家距城镇距离等因素对农户主观福祉有消极影响。同时研究还发现农户对资源就业供给功能、教育基础设施和交通的满意度对农户主观福祉影响不显著。在此基础上,提出了通过合理开发利用当地优势资源、完善各项基础设施建设和因地制宜制定扶贫政策等建议提高农户主观福祉。 相似文献
4.
全面停伐背景下国有林区职工主观福祉及其影响因素分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在全面停止天然林商品性采伐背景下,准确掌握国有林区职工主观福祉水平,为政府部门精准实施全面停伐后的配套扶持政策提供科学依据。本文首次利用覆盖东北五大森工集团的1004个重点国有林区民生改革监测跟踪调查数据,基于阿玛蒂亚·森的可行能力理论框架和千年生态系统评估福祉要素,构建国有林区职工主观福祉影响因素理论模型,运用多项有序Logit模型展开实证检验。研究结果表明：① 龙江森工、内蒙古森工和长白山森工全面停伐与国有林区改革效果良好,大兴安岭林业集团和吉林森工滞后;全面停伐后国有林区基础设施建设较快,但医疗条件改善缓慢,收入与就业有待提升。② 82.77%国有林区职工生活满意度处于一般满意水平以上,但低于中国农民主观福祉和城镇居民生活满意度水平。③ 身体状况、附属医院、家庭总支出、住房满意度、物价水平满意度、行政服务满意度、社会保障满意度、收入满意度和双重就业满意度对国有林区职工主观福祉有正向影响。④尽管山上林场和山下社区职工主观福祉影响因素不同,但家庭总支出、物价水平、社会保障、双重就业与收入满意度是提升国有林区职工主观福祉的核心要素。 相似文献
5.
生态系统服务与人类福祉——文献综述与分析框架 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
生态系统提供了几乎所有的人类福祉要素,但在决策过程中决策者常常忽视生态系统服务的价值.本文从生态系统服务和人类福祉的关系出发,对国内外关于人类福祉的测度指标、生态系统服务对人类福祉的贡献、权衡保护生态与促进发展等方面进行了全面综述.在此基础上,分析了生态系统服务与人类福祉研究领域的发展趋势,包括人类福祉的多指标测度、科学的生态系统服务消费模型构建、弱势群体的生态服务收益以及自然科学与社会科学融合4个方面.最后,在综合相关文献的基础上,从人类福祉的多尺度测度、生态系统服务的分配与消费和生态政策过程参与3个方面出发,构建了分析生态系统服务与人类福祉之间关系的框架,并指出分配与消费环节是人类福祉实现的关键,为系统研究生态系统变化对人类福祉的影响提供理论和方法上的支持. 相似文献
6.
三江源移民安置区农户能源利用及对生态环境影响——以贵南县为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
三江源地区是长江、黄河、澜沧江三大河流的发源地,是我国重要水源涵养区,由于其生态系统十分脆弱,生态地位特殊,受到广泛的关注。本研究从三江源移民安置区农户能源利用对三江源生态系统影响的角度,使用问卷调查法、半开放式访谈法和生态系统服务功能评价法,对三江源移民安置区农户能源利用现状、农户对现有能源满意度和农户能源环保认知对三江源生态系统服务功能价值影响进行研究,结果表明:①三江源移民安置区种植农户能源利用结构较多样,以畜粪和秸秆为主要能源,放牧农户能源利用结构单一,基本依靠畜粪;②农户普遍对能源现状满意度低,放牧农户满意度低于种植农户;③农户倾向于使用环保能源,但对能源环保认知度较低,阻碍了清洁能源的广泛使用;④农户使用生物质能源导致生态系统服务功能价值每年损失约23.6737亿元。 相似文献
7.
渭干河流域生态系统服务的空间溢出及对居民福祉的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《资源科学》2017,(3)
生态系统服务的空间流动性对流域居民福祉产生了重大影响。本文基于场强理论和断裂点模型构建了流域生态系统服务空间转移模型,以MA的人类福祉框架为基础建立流域居民福祉评价指标体系,运用格兰杰因果关系检验方法及灰色关联模型,以渭干河流域为例,分析了2000-2010年流域生态系统服务价值空间流转及其对居民福祉的影响。结果表明:①流域生态系统服务存在空间溢出效应。渭干河流域上游向下游的生态系统服务流转强度与距离成反比,溢出价值先下降后波动上升。②渭干河流域居民福祉由基本需求、安全与健康、精神三个层次构成,按重要性排序表现为安全与健康基本需求精神需求,并呈现出库车县的福祉水平最高、拜城县其次、沙雅县再次、新和县最低的空间分异特征。③流域生态系统服务空间流转是居民福祉的格兰杰原因,前者对后者产生了较显著的影响,对安全与健康福祉产生的影响最大,上游森林生态系统服务流转与下游居民福祉的耦合度最高,荒漠与居民福祉的耦合度最低。 相似文献
8.
耕地利用效率提升是保障国家粮食安全和农业高质量发展的要素前提,社会化服务被认为是弥补由劳动力非农转移引起的耕地利用劳动短缺的有效手段。在耕地利用日渐面临劳动约束的压力之下,基于非农就业与社会化服务发展趋势分析二者对耕地利用效率的影响机制具有重要意义。本文采用江苏省344个水稻种植农户样本,通过DEA模型和Tobit模型实证分析了非农就业、农户社会化服务购买对耕地利用效率的影响。研究表明：①非农就业对农户耕地利用效率提升有抑制作用,购买社会化服务可以提高效率,并减弱非农就业的负向影响;②购买社会化服务对农户耕地利用效率的影响存在环节差异,其中,整地、育秧插秧、施肥等服务有利于效率提升,而其他环节的影响并不显著;③购买不同服务环节对农户耕地利用效率的调节效应不同,仅购买整地、病虫害防治和收割服务具有正向调节作用;劳动力替代、资本替代、技术替代等效应是农业社会化服务改善要素配置、促进耕地利用效率提升的具体表现。在畅通劳动力流动渠道、优化家庭劳动要素配置的同时要完善社会化服务市场,针对性激发不同服务环节技术要素活力,保障耕地高效利用。 相似文献
9.
近海是全球海洋中最为敏感也最受关注的区域,为人类社会的存在和发展提供了重要的物质资源支撑和空间环境保障。随着对近海生态系统功能、服务和价值的认识不断深入,以及近期人类活动与气候变化等多重因素胁迫下近海生态系统的显著变化,近海生态系统健康和生态安全问题开始受到高度关注。但是,目前对近海生态安全问题的认识仍不够充分,也缺少系统的评估工作,需要着手发展海洋生态系统的长期观测与信息获取能力,开展近海生态系统健康评估与变化预测,为推进基于海洋生态系统的管理提供科学支撑。 相似文献
10.
基于匹配倍差法的乡村旅游扶贫农户增收效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《资源科学》2019,(5)
乡村旅游扶贫是中国脱贫攻坚战略的重要手段之一,其农户增收效应备受关注。本文利用湖北省恩施市龙凤镇青堡村和白杨坪乡麂子渡村农户的问卷调查数据,采用匹配倍差法研究了实验组和参照组2类农户在乡村旅游扶贫政策实施前后的家庭总收入、农业收入、工资性收入、经营性收入及其他收入的变化,以科学评估乡村旅游扶贫的增收效应。结果表明,乡村旅游扶贫对农户的家庭总收入、工资性收入及经营性收入的增加有显著作用。用倍差法估计乡村旅游扶贫对家庭总收入的效应时,其结果"虚高"13.1%,即716元;而用倾向得分匹配法则高出6.6%,即359元。使用匹配倍差法计算后得出:乡村旅游扶贫使得样本区实验组农户平均家庭总收入提高了5467元,其中,户均农业收入仅提高172元,不显著;而工资性收入和经营性收入分别显著提高了2132元和3128元;增收仍有较大潜力。本文据此提出:政府应采取各种措施引导当地依托特色资源,加强全域旅游建设,以获得稳定增长的各类旅游收入;扶持当地农户全员参与乡村旅游,确保相对贫困农户也有机会、有能力分享旅游业发展带来的各种增收机会;结合旅游扶贫后备箱工程实施,引导农民成立合作组织,将当地富硒有机农副产品深度加工成特色旅游产品等,以提高乡村旅游扶贫的增收实效。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
15.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
16.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
17.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
18.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献
19.
Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):267-268
<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese 相似文献
20.
WANG Sijia 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(2):192-194
<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages. 相似文献