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1.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(3):131-142

The principle of congruity was proposed several years ago as an explanation for certain behavioral changes in communication situations. In this article the principle of congruity is offered as an explanation for attitude change in an oral communication situation. A predictive model is developed, taking a listener's attitude toward the speaker, the speech topic, the speaker's delivery, and the stylistic treatment of the speech topic as the significant variables in determining what the listener's attitude toward the speaker and the speech topic will be after listening to the speech. An experiment to test the predictive model is reported. The results generally support a principle of congruity in this type of oral communication situation.  相似文献   

2.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):99-103
Abstract

In 1442 the Aragonese King Alfonso settled his court in Naples, which remained a part of Spain until the eighteenth century. Here he assembled an extensive library, including the work of many contemporary illuminators and miniature painters. A large part of this library is now housed in Valencia, where it was transferred in the sixteenth century. These works are a potential source of information regarding style, pigments and artists' techniques. Exceptionally complete records of bills, receipts and correspondence of the royal court exist, including the payments made to illuminators, allowing reasonably secure stylistic attributions to be made. Analyses of 98 pigment samples from 11 different books attributed to Rabicano and his followers have been undertaken and the results compared. The pigments were studied by X-ray fluorescence elemental analyses in the SEM, polarizing microscopy, X-ray diffraction and FTIR microscopy and microchemistry.  相似文献   

3.

This study argues that the genre of apologia has distinct situational, substantive, and stylistic factors that are dynamically related. A dynamic theoretical framework using these three factors is proposed and used to analyze the protracted apologia of the Dow Chemical Company from 1966‐1969 in response to charges by antiwar protesters of immorality for producing napalm. Dow's rhetorical choices become much clearer when seen through the clear, serious, unprecedented, and diffuse accusatory climate that precipitated the adoption of a self actualized motive and an argumentative battle on the grounds of jurisdiction. Special constraints that corporate apologists may face as nonpersons are advanced to complete the configuration of this dynamic generic framework.  相似文献   

4.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):416-437
ABSTRACT

Recent theorizing recognizes the body’s importance in resistant performances characterizing the streets and screens of contemporary activism. In this essay, we examine how the transnational feminist organization FEMEN constructs embodied agencies through material and mediated means. Rather than focusing only on public appearances, we draw from fieldwork with FEMEN, utilizing participatory critical rhetoric to also examine the internal rhetorics shaping protest activities. Analyzing how FEMEN’s training prepares and produces individual, collective, and entangled bodies extends the communicative study of social movements by attending to corporeal molding behind the scenes. FEMEN constructs a gestural routine that enables activists to reexperience their bodies through rhetorics of powerful vulnerability, challenging gendered discourses while increasing rhetorical agency through enacted resistance and embodied solidarities.  相似文献   

5.
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6.

A ten year update of Michigan secondary school speech programs indicated little change in curricula. The basic course is best described as an elective, semester, combination course for ninth through twelfth graders. Most frequently offered advanced courses are drama, debate, and advanced speech. Most respondents graduated from one of Michigan's state universities, and usually teach English in addition to speech. Few are involved in professional associations.  相似文献   

7.
ABSTRACT

This essay examines communication's historical anxieties regarding disciplinary legitimacy as an investment in whiteness. We argue that such anxieties are predicated upon a normative ideal of citizenship. As such, rhetorics of disciplinary legitimacy enact white civil society's originary exclusion, which is antiblackness. To illuminate the ways antiblackness finds expression in these anxieties, we engage the field's lengthy archive of public musings regarding legitimacy to trace the rhetorical workings of antiblackness therein.  相似文献   

8.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(3):229-233

A general paradigm of a rating error theory is presented with a study testing relationships from the theory. The study aimed to discover the effects of source credibility, attitude valence, and task sensitization on trait errors in the evaluation of speeches. The main hypothesis of the study was an interaction effect on trait errors in the speech ratings. The results indicate a significant triple interaction, suggesting that when speech raters are sensitized to the task and are in favor of the view of the speaker, their trait errors on “ideas” will favor a low credibility speaker. The results are explained in terms of attraction and similarity.  相似文献   

9.

Gains Suetonius Tranquillus, Roman historian and biographer of the first and second centuries A.D., wrote De Rhetoribus,the only Latin treatise concerned directly with pre‐Ciceronian rhetoricians and providing information on the strong opposition to rhetoric, the radical changes in the educational system of Rome, and the influence of otherwise unknown rhetoricians. After placing Suetonius in the rhetorical tradition of the early Roman Empire, a translation of De Rhetoribus and an extensive commentary on the major points are presented. The major significance of Suetonius's De Rhetoribus in the history of rhetoric was its demonstration that transplanted Greek rhetoric survived the dark ages of the early Roman Republic because rhetoric was a source of political power.  相似文献   

10.
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11.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):62-67
Abstract

Juan and Jerónimo del Corral, the former an architect and the latter a sculptor, developed their artistic activities in Castile during the second third of the sixteenth century. The originality of their work lies not only in their technique but also in their iconography: they combine the Spanish tradition of plaster work with the influence of the Italian Renaissance. This paper is a documentary and stylistic study of their work and discusses the problems of technique and conservation of the cupolas and walls of polychromed and gilded plaster relief. Due to its characteristics and its sensitivity to moisture, gypsum is a material which poses specific problems of behaviour and treatment. The various deteriorations it undergoes are shown as well as their causes and possible treatment. Scientific examination has been mainly directed towards the investigation of the support by IR and EDX spectrometry, the analysis of the polychromy by microscopy and the identification of the media by gas chromatography. The results show that the Corral brothers used a homogeneous technique for the plaster support, following the Hispano-Moresque tradition, whereas the polychromy shows various influences. As regards biological deterioration, two different groups of microorganisms were surveyed: bacteria and fungi. The results obtained in areas with and without polychromy and with various levels of moisture have been compared by different sampling techniques. Nitrifying and sulphate-reducing bacteria have been identified, which are responsible for the deterioration of stone monuments.  相似文献   

12.

Anxiety experienced while in a public speaking situation (speech anxiety) is discussed within the framework of Trait‐State Anxiety Theory. Speech anxiety may be considered a dispositional variable designed to measure individual differences in speech anxiety proneness (Speech A‐Trait) or a measure of anxiety experienced during a particular speech (Speech A‐State). Physiological and behavioral measures of speech anxiety are typically viewed as A‐State measures. Self‐report indices may be considered either state or trait anxiety measures depending on the context in which the measures were obtained. The development of a scale to measure both Speech A‐State and Speech A‐Trait, including initial normative, reliability, and validity data, is reported.  相似文献   

13.

In this essay, a schema is proposed for the evaluation of visual imagery from a rhetorical perspective. In the schema, judgments of quality about a visual image are made in terms of the function communicated by the image. Three processes are involved in such judgments— identification of a function or functions communicated by an image, assessment of the degree to which substantive and stylistic dimensions of the image support the communication of the function, and evaluation of the legitimacy of the function. The schema is illustrated in applications to a chair from the Memphis design consortium and to The NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt.  相似文献   

14.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(3):193-204

Stephano Guazzo's The Civile Conversation was a dominant contribution to the literature of manners in the Renaissance. The work, however, was far more than a Courtesybook. Guazzo's treatise helps explain the rhetorical influence in Renaissance thought and the relationship of that influence to humanism. A study of the rhetorical inheritance shows that Guazzo owed a substantial debt to classical theory and pedagogy, but it reveals also an extension of communication study to all aspects of life. A consideration of the humanistic impulse indicates that this extension emerges from a conception of man as communicator, a conception that expands upon some traditional notions concerning rhetoric and humanism in the Renaissance.  相似文献   

15.

Experimental evidence of the relative advantages and disadvantages of specific “techniques” in the field of broadcasting education is hard to find. For the most part, the training of announcers and other specialists is by example, not theory. However, there is no doubt that both professional and student can benefit from the results of careful research on the attributes and talents necessary for effective broadcasting. The following study offers strong indications that “fluffs” in reading aloud may be far less frequent after a course in silent reading.  相似文献   

16.
ABSTRACT

This essay develops and uses a critical lens of “seeding” to read the Christian Reformed Church’s 1973 report on “homosexuality.” Although the report maintains a seemingly conservative stance and has been used to marginalize GLBTQ people, it contains and promotes affirming beliefs about same-sex relationships that constitute the groundwork necessary to argue for denominational transformation. The report invites and empowers resistance against its own ostensible conclusions. This essay deepens understanding about how evasive rhetorics enable change and how critics can intervene to promote the transformation invited by subversive seeds.  相似文献   

17.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):19-27
Abstract

A sack gown of c. 1740–50, remodelled from a brocaded silk gown of c. 1726–28, had the back pleats altered again in the present century, probably for fancy dress. A close study of the gown enabled the pleats to be replaced as they had been arranged in c. 1740–50, so that conservation work could be carried out prior to mounting the gown for display.  相似文献   

18.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):84-86
Abstract

Egyptian blue has been identified positively in a Roman mediaeval fresco of the lower church of San Clemente. The date around the middle of the ninth century A.D. of the mural painting extends by five centuries the previously known period of use of this famous pigment.  相似文献   

19.
《Communication Teacher》2013,27(4):236-251
Abstract

Authors of basic public-speaking course textbooks frequently encourage students to select speech topics in which they have vested interest, care deeply about, and hold strong opinions and beliefs. This study explores students' level of ego-involvement with informative and persuasive speech topics, examines possible ego-involvement predictors of students' speech grades, and investigates the influence of preparation time and process activities on public-speaking grades. Results reveal that students' ego-involvement is positively related to their speech success; however, the explanation is more complex than those offered by basic public-speaking course textbooks. Pedagogical implications and areas for future research are discussed.  相似文献   

20.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(3):184-189

Listener groups employed the Speech Dialect Attitudinal Scale (SDAS) to rate speakers in a variety of situations. These involved: (A) foreign accent, (B) regional dialect, (C) speech pathology, (D) broadcast news reporting, and (E) use of obscene language. Reliability of ratings was consistently high, with a median of .98. Evidence of construct validity was provided by the factor structures of SDAS item scores. Except in the case of the speech pathology experiment, the factor analyses yielded a remarkably consistent three‐factor structure: Socio‐Intellectual Status, Aesthetic Quality, and Dynamism. In each case, analyses of variance and covariance of SDAS scores discriminated among speakers differentiated by linguistic variation, further supporting the validity of SDAS data.  相似文献   

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