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1.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):287-295
Attempts to circumscribe “the Burkean method” of rhetorical criticism can be frustrating. Critics more profitably might use Burke as an example and a prod, appropriating—as was done in this study—whichever of Burke's concepts, methods, and metaphors seem applicable to a given rhetorical event. Burke's “chart‐prayer‐dream” trilogy, together with his understanding of “strategies,” was employed to examine Morley's “Home Rule” speech before the Oxford Union in 1888. Morley's reply to Randolph Churchill abandoned propositional argument in favor of reviv‐alistic‐exhortation early in the speech; his strategies of form, argument, labelling, style, and mimesis are best understood as those of the High Priest seeking a confessional and an act of expiation from his auditors. 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):301-305
"Communication” is examined as a cultural term whose meaning is problematic in selected instances of American speech about interpersonal life. An ethnographic study, focusing on analysis of several cultural “texts,” reveals that in the discourse examined here, “communication” refers, to close, supportive, flexible speech, which functions as the “work” necessary to self‐definition and interpersonal bonding. “Communication,” thus defined, is shown to find its place in a “communication” ritual, the structure of which is delineated. The use of the definition formulated, and of the ideational context which surrounds it, is illustrated in an analysis of a recurring public drama, the “communication” theme shows on the Phil Donahue television program. Implications of the study are drawn for ethnography as a form of communication inquiry. 相似文献
4.
Astrid Vandendaele 《Journalism Practice》2018,12(3):268-289
In this paper, I focus on one particular player in the newspaper production process, i.e. the sub-editor. I analysed the sub-editing process through participant observation in newsrooms in the United Kingdom, Belgium and the Netherlands. Looking at both the sub-editors at work (think-aloud protocol) as well as the articles in various stages of production, and informed by (retrospective) interviews, I have compiled a list of six of the sub-editor’s “production values”. These values guide sub-editors whenever they intervene, and help them to transform a news story into an appealing, correct and credible newspaper article. I took the lead from Östgaard’s “factors influencing the flow of news”, but also from Galtung and Ruge’s “news values” which help reporters to determine which “events” are transitioned into “news”. In doing so, I go beyond the limitations of previous research, in which the types of interventions carried out in the sub-editing stage of newswriting were categorised. By identifying the guidelines driving the alterations made by the sub-editor, I aim to move one step closer towards uncovering the intricacies of the sub-editing process. Moreover, I demonstrate how “the rewrite men” add journalistic value to their newspapers, as perhaps their brand’s strongest ambassadors. 相似文献
5.
Jennifer K. Stitt M.A. Cheri J. Simonds Ph.D. Stephen K. Hunt Ph.D. 《Communication Studies》2013,64(3):341-353
The purpose of this study was to further investigate the effectiveness of speech evaluation procedures and measures. Specifically, this study examines the relationship between rater training and evaluation fidelity— a concept which focuses on the shared understanding of meaning between speech raters and students in terms of what is expected and what is performed. To do so, two studies were conducted. Study one hypothesized that evaluation fidelity would be associated with rater training such that inter‐rater (instructor‐instructor) reliability would be higher after training. The findings suggest that participants in Study one increased their evaluation fidelity in terms of total scores. The variance and frequency reports confirmed that the range of scores decreased (higher evaluation fidelity) after training. Study two hypothesized that instructors who provided their students with training in using the “Criteria for Evaluating Speeches” form would achieve higher evaluation fidelity than those instructors who do not. Results support this hypothesis and reveal higher evaluation fidelity between instructors and students in the group where students received a copy and explanation of the criterion‐based assessment tool. 相似文献
6.
Knud Ebbesen 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(3):355-362
During the past two years “Danmarks Radio” has carried out the experiment of giving ordinary people access to the medium of radio. The venture has been named the “Tape Workshop.” In the following, the practical organizer of these experiments gives an explanation of the principles which have evolved in connection with making the production facilities available. 相似文献
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Henrik Bødker 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2016,33(5):409-423
ABSTRACTNotions of circuitry are central to Stuart Hall’s conceptualization of how communities, cultures, and media constitute each other. This is very explicit in his encoding/decoding model from 1973. Hall here reserves the term “circulation” for a delimited process within a broader argument for a circular movement, or a “reproduction” of culture through media. In this broader view, however, Hall sees circulation as both technological and hermeneutical processes through which meaning and/or ideology move into and out of discursive form. The encoding/decoding text(s) refer on several occasions to “current affairs” but later applications of this model have somewhat neglected the sphere of journalism. This paper consequently situates Hall’s notions of circulation in relation to new modes of circulating journalism on participatory digital platforms. Given the status of Hall’s model, the overall goal of this re-reading is twofold: seeing Hall through contemporary issues puts into perspective key aspects of Hall’s thinking, while Hall’s framework in turn helps illuminate important characteristics of how journalism is ascribed meaning in a digital landscape. The paper ultimately argues that while Hall’s insistence on seeing the circulation of journalism within a broader circuit of culture is as important as ever, some of his main tenets and assumptions need to be rethought and supplemented in light of newer developments. 相似文献
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Robert L. Scott 《Communication Studies》2013,64(4):267-278
This essay continues a controversy initiated in the CSSJ in 1962‐1963 (XIII, 4, and XIV, 1). It argues that Existentialism will provide meaningful questions which must be pursued if rhetoric is to be firmly based. In particular, it contends that our common maxims heard in speech classes and seen in texts, “Be logical!”; and “First, seek the truth!”; are at best insufficient and in practice may be invidious. 相似文献
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Warren Sandmann 《Communication Studies》2013,64(3-4):241-262
This essay examines the issue of “hate speech,” racial, sexual, and ethnic‐based expressions of hate, on the college campus. Many commentators have called for colleges and universities to create polices to prohibit such expression. Others have noted that First Amendment rights protect such expression. This essay discusses both positions, and offers a third perspective designed to protect expression without dismissing the damage caused by hate speech. 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):227-247
It is argued here that students of rhetoric and communication, along with scholars in other disciplines, have tended to reflect “Establishment” biases in treatments of persuasion in social conflicts. As a result, we have often failed to come to grips with the nature of conflict, the needs of “OUTS” and “HAVE‐NOTS,” and the utility of conflict for societies. In the place of prevailing “system orientations,” a “dual perspective” is proposed—one which would examine persuasion in conflicts from the viewpoint of both the actors attempting to maximize their interests in conflict situations and the system attempting to regulate conflict in the collective interest. The concept of “coercive persuasion” is introduced, and several suggestions for research are offered. 相似文献
11.
G. H. Morris 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2013,41(2):82-98
This essay addresses consequences of providing accounts (explanations of conduct) in selection interviews. Previous research has suggested that using accounts in interviews might be detrimental to applicants, since providing accounts may be one of many indices of a powerless style of communication. On the other hand, in ordinary discourse, accounts have positive, beneficial uses: They explain away apparent improprieties, and restore favorable impressions of an actor's character. In this essay, questions about the negative consequences of account use are examined, an explanation of the relative frequencies of accounts by applicants and interviewers is developed, and a subset of selection interviews is conceptualized as a type of “hazardous” communication event. It is argued that accounts given in selection interviews are not necessarily powerless speech forms, and ways of usefully accounting in the context of interview hazards are summarized. Overall, while it is acknowledged that excessive account use might damage applications, it is argued that accounts can assist applications by explaining away questionable aspects of a candidate's history and prospects, within what is quite often a challenging, “hazardous” communication event. 相似文献
12.
Wayne Woodward 《The Communication Review》2013,16(2):279-304
Contemporary “dyadic” perspectives on symbolic and material exchange emphasize reception or consumption in place of longstanding concentration on transmission or production. Analysis of the dyadic model reveals its limitations and suggests a triadic approach to specify how the resource environment—the integrative “field”—of exchange provides material‐symbolic support for creative action. The historical example of the Hawthorne Studies, in organizational communication, and the contemporary effort of hardware and software designers to derive user‐based approaches to computer‐mediated communication illustrate how (a) consumption‐production; (b) textual; and (c) ritual models can usefully inform (d) a participatory design approach that expands comprehension of the dynamics of triadic exchange. 相似文献
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William Hawes 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(2):127-132
Although his works were almost ignored for many years, on William Shakespeare's 400th birthday he is considered to have been the greatest wordsmith using the English language. Although Shakespeare's plays are fun, and are eagerly attended by the general population when presented as “entertainment” and not as “culture,” television, if the frequency of presentation is any guide, has not considered them in the mainstream of popular entertainment. This is a mistake, as the ratings and the popular accpetance of such romps as the 1956 production of “Taming of the Shrew” should prove. The following article reviews some of the major productions of Shakespearean plays over American television. This list includes most of the network presentations although many more productions have been aired over local stations. In addition, many people may have had their interest in Shakespeare aroused by other programs (such as Dr. Frank Baxter's “Shakespeare on TV”) that discussed these works, or by filmic presentations seen on the “Late Show” or its equivalent. One particularly interesting non‐network series was the BBC presentation of “An Age of Kings,” a weaving into chronological order of Shakespearean historical plays that dealt with the story of the English throne during the 14th and 15th centuries. This series of 15 television programs was seen on a number of educational and commercial television stations in the United States, and afforded the extensive audience an opportunity to witness and appreciate both the history of England and the genius of its most famous author. 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):402-420
Long traditions of philosophical and sociological research have addressed questions of the demarcation of science, i.e., how to identify the “unique and essential” characteristics of science which are taken as ostensibly distinguishing it from other forms of human conduct. In contrast, this essay argues that demarcation is most usefully viewed as a practical matter, rhetorically negotiated by scientists (and other social actors) in particular interest‐driven rhetorical contexts. A case study of the 1989 cold fusion controversy illustrates an implicit demarcation rhetoric which grew out of the professional physics community's interest‐driven need to provide a plausible explanation for the errors committed by the Utah cold fusion team. Close analysis of the discourses in the controversy reveals the active construction of working definitions of science and suggests that those definitions ultimately circumscribed the evidential grounds on which the ontological status of cold fusion was a judicated by the scientific community. 相似文献
15.
Phillip J. Mohr 《Communication Studies》2013,64(4):342-351
This article examines two implicit assumptions on which the family viewing concept appears to be based: (1) children's viewing will subside after the end of the family viewing period, and children will be less likely to be exposed to later, more “mature” programming; (2) broadcasters can and do provide programs toward which children and parents share preferences and which are “appropriate” for the family viewing period (6:00‐8:00 p.m. CST, 7:00‐9:00 in other time zones). Data gathered in a 1976 survey confirmed the first assumption. However, while the peak period of children's viewing occurred between 6:30 and 8:00 p.m., substantial numbers of the children continued to view television beyond the family viewing period. Less consistent support was found for the second assumption. Above‐average percentages of both parents and children considered thirty‐one of sixty‐eight programs listed on the questionnaires to be “favorites” or “all right,” and nineteen of the thirty‐one were broadcast during the family viewing period. While parents and children may share attitudes toward certain programs, however, it does not necessarily follow that parents consider those programs appropriate for their children. The results of the survey suggest the need for further study of what constitutes “appropriate” programming for family viewing. 相似文献
16.
Audience reactions to the use of direct and personal disparaging humor in informative public address
Michael Z. Hackman 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(2):126-130
In this study 126 subjects were exposed to one of three versions of a speech on “Effective Listening.” In one version no humor was added to the speech. In the other versions examples of direct and personal self and other‐disparaging humor were included in the presentation. Subjects rated the message and the message source on a number of dependent variables. Data, in general, suggest that those speakers who use direct and personal disparaging humor of any kind are rated as having a better sense of humor than those speakers who use no humor. Further, the use of self‐disparaging humor serves to reduce ratings of expertness while the use of other‐disparaging humor produced lower ratings of character. 相似文献
17.
Trade agreements are constitution‐like in that they constrain action at “lower” or national and sub‐national levels (Jackson, 1988). This article examines some constitution‐like effects of telecommunication provisions in the North American Free Trade Agreement on U.S. policies regulating pornography. Recent U.S. actions to regulate on‐line pornography, through amendments to the Communications Act and the Comstock Act, and relevant cases, including the recent Amateur Action decision, are discussed. The relevant provisions in the NAFTA are outlined. The paper concludes that U.S. efforts to regulate content of on‐line services which appear to fall within the category of enhanced/value‐added telecommunication services would not be strictly “NAFTA‐legal” under the telecommunication chapter, but could be made so utilizing the privacy, consumer protection or cultural‐industries exceptions which were not intended for this purpose nor were advocated by the U.S. The broader implications for the future of the nation state and for a possible international regime governing offensive speech are discussed. 相似文献
18.
A. D. Ursul 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2008,35(2):87-98
This paper analyses the cosmological foundations of the security phenomenon as a form of self-conservation of the evolution of matter in its highest form—cybernetic systems (i.e., systems possessing control). It is noted that self-conservation of matter as a way of its existence depends on the forms of self-conservation and is principally different in baryon matter (the material part of the Universe) and “dark matter,” which is the basic, yet scarcely known, part of the Universe. We have discovered that despite the existence of information as diversity in inanimate nature, it is assumed that a number of its objects (singularities, black holes, “dark matter,” etc.) have no information, and that information exists only in the “material” part of the Universe, where the evolutionary process finds its origin. It is shown that not only the problem of evolution, but also that of cybernetic system security are most closely connected with information and control, the latter occurring only at the biosystem level. According to W.R. Ashby’s necessary diversity law (represented as a law of the general theory of security) the information content of a system must be no less than the diversity of the internal and external negative impacts. Security (self-conservation) is most effectively maintained through progressive or sustainable development realized in the course of self-organization on the super-path of a material system’s universal evolution. 相似文献
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Bonnie J. Morris 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2011,54(3):243-252
Abstract This article examines the writing left in “comments” books at thought‐provoking museum exhibitions. What moves a visitor to share criticism, praise, political invective, or spiritual reflections in a public place where the writing is guaranteed to be seen by others? In a world transformed by text messaging and online communication, museum guestbooks are one of the few remaining opportunities to share hand‐written insights. Do visitors have a learning curve? Some leave inappropriate, even hateful remarks. By comparing the different moods of comments books at a variety of installations, this essay pays tribute to the legacies of public dialogue in museums, a medium of free speech made possible by a simple blank book. 相似文献
20.
首先从历史角度考察纸质出版,认为就具体形态而言是以纸为媒介“镌著于版”“印行于世”的行为,其本质是“信息生产与传播”行为。其次指出互联网时代,纸质出版的价值犹在,但基于数据的生产与传播为大势所趋：数据库是面向特定主题,集成的、相对稳定的、具有统一格式的、能反映历史变化的数据集合,数据库建设是将“孤立、静态和碎片化”的文本数据转化为“关联、动态和整体性”的结构化数据工程。最后,以自然灾害类突发事件中的旱灾数据库建设为例,探讨数据库建设的意义,介绍数据库建设的基本步骤,以期为出版业的转型提供新思路。 相似文献