共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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This study examined cognitive and affective responses of Japanese (N=199) and American participants (N=194) to the depiction of gender in a Japanese animé popular in both countries. As expected, Japanese respondents indicated more familiarity with the animation and also reported that they were fans to a greater extent than Americans. Japanese participants and males showed greater agreement with sex stereotyping in the depiction of characters. Males also showed greater liking for characters and expressed the belief that they were positive role models. American females disliked the characters, especially the female character, significantly more than all other participants. Finally, participants, regardless of country, who held conventional views of gender perceived fewer stereotypes in the depiction of the characters. Given the current interest in animé, implications of findings from viewing sex-stereotypical images and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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A searcher’s interaction with a retrieval system consists of actions such as query formulation, search result list interaction and document interaction. The simulation of searcher interaction has recently gained momentum in the analysis and evaluation of interactive information retrieval (IIR). However, a key issue that has not yet been adequately addressed is the validity of such IIR simulations and whether they reliably predict the performance obtained by a searcher across the session. The aim of this paper is to determine the validity of the common interaction model (CIM) typically used for simulating multi-query sessions. We focus on search result interactions, i.e., inspecting snippets, examining documents and deciding when to stop examining the results of a single query, or when to stop the whole session. To this end, we run a series of simulations grounded by real world behavioral data to show how accurate and responsive the model is to various experimental conditions under which the data were produced. We then validate on a second real world data set derived under similar experimental conditions. We seek to predict cumulated gain across the session. We find that the interaction model with a query-level stopping strategy based on consecutive non-relevant snippets leads to the highest prediction accuracy, and lowest deviation from ground truth, around 9 to 15% depending on the experimental conditions. To our knowledge, the present study is the first validation effort of the CIM that shows that the model’s acceptance and use is justified within IIR evaluations. We also identify and discuss ways to further improve the CIM and its behavioral parameters for more accurate simulations. 相似文献
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Mae Arnold Bell 《Communication Studies》2013,64(1):75-82
Most group discussion textbooks emphasize that good solution, emerge from a variety of positions proposed through systematic, rational discourse, which allows for flexibility during problem‐solving which culminates in a high quality solution. This study attempts to test that assumption empirically; that is, quality decisions are produced through rational discourse. The study consists of simulated discussion of the horse‐trading problem, controlling for levels of substantive conflict, affective conflict, and sex. The results indicate (1) no differences in overall quality; (2) significant difference on flexibility between highly substantive and nonsubstantive discussions; (3) the significant difference on flexibility in substantive conditions is accounted for by male participants, not women; and (4) no difference on flexibility between affective conditions. 相似文献
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《Communication methods and measures》2013,7(1):28-47
This article examines if different conditions of stimulated recall influence perceptions of task-related competence in small discussion groups. Although the validity of simulated recall has been assessed in educational and interpersonal contexts, it is not clear how features of the method influence the measurement of perceptions at different levels of analysis. Participants worked on a task in groups and then viewed a videotape of the interaction. The video was paused for participants to rate each other on several influence measures. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four viewing conditions based on whether participants could see themselves in the video and whether they made self-ratings regarding their participation. Findings revealed that self's visual presence in the video and providing self-ratings had only a minor impact on the distribution of influence ratings. 相似文献
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This study examines how support seekers can integrate verbal and nonverbal cues in social network sites (SNSs) to elicit quality support from others. Building from sensitive interaction systems theory and verbal person centeredness (VPC), participants (N?=?579) evaluated a SNS profile that contained manipulated levels of directness in status updates used to seek support and nonverbal emotional expression in profile pictures. To capture the transaction of support, participants provided supportive messages in public and private conditions that were coded for their level of VPC. Negative emotional cues in profile pictures increased VPC in private messages, whereas directness in status updates negatively predicted VPC in private messages. Participants produced messages with higher levels of VPC after they viewed profiles that incorporated more features to disclose distress effectively. Broadly, this study addresses whether the content people post on SNS profiles shapes the quality of the supportive messages they receive. 相似文献
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News stories about protests are often accompanied by footage or photos depicting dramatic or violent acts that occur during the protest, even though such acts may be rare or insignificant. Although the assumption is that visual depiction of normative deviance draws the attention of audience members, thus facilitating learning about the social issue, extant research does not suggest this will always be the case. The current study found that greater informational utility, not photographic depiction of deviance, increased selective exposure to a protest story in a Web news environment. However, when the protesters were depicted as more, rather than less, deviant, participants reported less positive perceptions of the protesters. In turn, less positive perceptions of the protesters were associated with less attention to and, ultimately, lower comprehension of the accompanying news story. Implications for learning about political and social issues in the current news environment are discussed. 相似文献
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Ariel Merpert María Victoria Anauati Laura Zommer Inés Taylor 《Communication Research Reports》2018,35(1):48-57
The first step in journalistic fact-checking of political discourse is identifying whether statements contain “checkable facts” (i.e., not opinions). This randomized controlled experiment investigated how different demographic factors (age, gender, education, profession, and political affiliation) are associated with the ability to discern if statements contained checkable or noncheckable facts, as well as what impact training in identifying checkable facts can have on overall outcomes. A total of 3,357 participants identified checkable and noncheckable statements from a fictional political speech extract containing eight statements. Overall, participants were able to correctly identify an average of 69% of statements. Specific demographic factors (being male, young, and university educated) were positively associated with increased performance as well as working in professions that commonly analyze data, such as research. Participating in a short training session significantly increased participants’ performance. Initial political affiliation slightly reduces the ability to assess whether statements made by named politicians contained checkable facts. 相似文献
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Kirsten A. Johnson 《Journalism Practice》2020,14(6):749-767
ABSTRACT This experimental study examined whether stories presented on Facebook that appeared to be from a news organization were rated as higher in perceived credibility than stories that appeared to be from a non-news organization. One-hundred-and-seven participants took part in the online study. One group saw stories that appeared to be from a news organization and another group saw the same stories that appeared to be from a non-news organization. Both groups rated the stories the same in terms of perceived credibility. The study also found that the higher the participants rated the stories in terms of perceived credibility, the higher they rated the organization’s perceived credibility. These findings point to potential implications for traditional journalistic outlets regarding their ability to be seen as credible, reliable online news sources—particularly through a social media platform like Facebook. 相似文献
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Kimo Ah Yun Ph.D. 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(2):166-173
This study examined factors that were predicted to be related to the effect that attitude dissimilarity has on interpersonal attraction in the first few minutes of an initial interaction. In this study, 114 participants engaged in dyadic interactions with same‐sex partners that varied in attitude similarity. Prior to and after interacting with one another, participants rated their partner's personal character and whether they believed that a future interaction would be a positive one. These data revealed that the perceived quality of future interactions significantly improved over time and character attributions partially improved. The global predictions made in this study were framed and supported as an expectancy violation explanation. 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(2):147-155
In an experimental study, closed‐circuit television was used to test whether visual and/or audio responses from a listener increased communication accuracy. Thirty‐two dyads were drawn randomly from the male and female populations of the basic speech course at Florida State University, Analysis of covariance was used to adjust for the influence of interaction time. The findings suggested that the audio channel carried the information necessary to improve communication, and the visual channel provided auxiliary feedback which was inefficacious without the audio. A secondary finding indicated that within feedback conditions accuracy is independent of times. 相似文献
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首先,从理论和实践两个方面归纳社会力量参与公共文化服务研究的现状：理论研究包括参与主体、参与模式、参与的必要性与可行性以及参与机制等方面的总结;实践研究主要从农村、城市社区、图书馆、博物馆等地区和行业的角度进行归纳。其次,分析现有研究存在的问题,包括研究深度不够、行业经验理论总结较少、可行性研究缺乏以及制度层面的路径许可和效益分析欠缺等。最后,指出未来应加强分类型分层次研究;加强各种理论在我国的适用性分析研究;全面总结行业经验并加强学科间交流,把提炼公益性公共文化服务基本规律和制定制度层面的路径许可和效益分析作为重点。 相似文献
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This study draws on a sample of participants in online groupsto analyze the interaction between individual-level and communicative-levelfactors that affect public opinion perception. We first assessthe association between individual views on several issues—thedeath penalty, gun regulation and teaching morality in publicschools—and false consensus, i.e., the tendency to attributeown views to others. We also examine whether the associationbetween individual opinion and false consensus is mitigatedby perceived disagreement with offline discussion networks andwith participants in online discussion groups. As expected,not only is there a correlation between personal and perceivedopinion, but also those who strongly favor the three policiesestimate public support to be higher than do those who are unfavorableor moderate. Multivariate models further show that encounteringdisagreement, online or offline, attenuates the associationbetween the individual opinion and false consensus. Theoreticaland practical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
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《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2012,40(5):485-504
ABSTRACTThis study investigated how the prevalent visual depiction of obesity in the media promotes stigmatization of obese individuals. Particularly, this study proposed and tested the two sequential mechanisms which were not explicated in the previous models but indispensable in stigma research: (1) the disease avoidance response (i.e. discomfort for physical contact) and (2) dehumanizing perception. Results of two experiments overall supported the extended model: the headless photos of obese individuals triggered the disease avoidance responses, which sequentially increased the dehumanizing perception of and negative attitudes toward obese individuals. The identity trait (e.g. gender) match increased readers' level of social identification with obese people and alleviated the disease avoidance response when they saw the photo of the obese model as a whole being. By contrast, the opposite effects (i.e. disidentification and heightened discomfort) were found when the participants saw the headless photo of the obese model of the same gender. 相似文献
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Jennifer K. Stitt M.A. Cheri J. Simonds Ph.D. Stephen K. Hunt Ph.D. 《Communication Studies》2013,64(3):341-353
The purpose of this study was to further investigate the effectiveness of speech evaluation procedures and measures. Specifically, this study examines the relationship between rater training and evaluation fidelity— a concept which focuses on the shared understanding of meaning between speech raters and students in terms of what is expected and what is performed. To do so, two studies were conducted. Study one hypothesized that evaluation fidelity would be associated with rater training such that inter‐rater (instructor‐instructor) reliability would be higher after training. The findings suggest that participants in Study one increased their evaluation fidelity in terms of total scores. The variance and frequency reports confirmed that the range of scores decreased (higher evaluation fidelity) after training. Study two hypothesized that instructors who provided their students with training in using the “Criteria for Evaluating Speeches” form would achieve higher evaluation fidelity than those instructors who do not. Results support this hypothesis and reveal higher evaluation fidelity between instructors and students in the group where students received a copy and explanation of the criterion‐based assessment tool. 相似文献
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We present a user-centred, task-oriented, comparative evaluation of two within-document retrieval tools. ProfileSkim computes a relevance profile for a document with respect to a query, and presents the profile as an interactive bar graph. FindSkim provides similar functionality to the web browser “Find” command. A novel simulated work task was devised, where participants are asked to identify (index) relevant pages of an electronic book, given topics from the existing book index. The original book index provides the ground truth, against which the indexing results of the participants can be compared. We confirmed a major hypothesis, namely ProfileSkim proved significantly more efficient than Find-Skim, as measured by time for task. The study indicates that ProfileSkim was as least as effective as FindSkim in identifying relevant pages, as measured by traditional information retrieval measures, and there is some evidence that ProfileSkim is a precision-enhancing tool. Based on qualitative data from questionnaires, we also provide strong evidence to support our conjecture that the participants would be more satisfied when using ProfileSkim than FindSkim. The experimental study confirmed the potential of relevance profiling for improving within-document retrieval. Relevance profiling should prove highly beneficial for users trying to identify relevant information within long documents. 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(2):158-177
This paper examined the effects of strategic voir dire questions on juror evaluations of trial participants. The influence of three types of voir dire questions was assessed on ratings of defendant guilt, defendant credibility, and defense attorney credibility. Using both a control group composed of non‐strategic questions and a control group with no voir dire questions, results indicated that the use of strategic voir dire questions influenced decisions and ratings of trial participants. In particular, questions asking jurors to disregard the defendant's unsavory past produced a main effect on perceptions of guilt. Among other effects additionally, the absence of any voir dire questions seemed to affect negatively perceptions of trial participants on the competence dimension. On both the ratings of defendant character and competence, an interaction emerged between the use of questions encouraging jurors to hold the prosecution to its burden of proof and questions urging jurors to overlook the defendant's unsavory background. Though use of the defendant background question enhanced credibility ratings when the burden of proof question was omitted, these effects were suppressed when both question types were used. In addition, a significant main effect revealed that competence was reduced when jurors were exposed to the question encouraging them to resist group pressure to convict. Furthermore, a three‐way interaction indicated that the highest ratings of defendant competence occurred when jurors were not asked any strategic questions except those urging them to overlook the defendant's unsavory background. 相似文献