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1.
Cheri Chan 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2015,35(1):111-124
This study, conducted over a one-year period, examined the collaboration practices in a large-scale school-university capacity-building collaborative action research project that was designed to help English language teachers develop the skills needed to deal with the reforms to assessment practices in Hong Kong's school curriculum. The study theorized collaboration as a complex construction that must be understood in the context of the prevailing ideologies shaping professional development practices for teachers. Online data generated from the collaborative action research project were analysed to explore the discursive construction of interpersonal relationships. Critical discourse analysis was used to examine the discursive strategies that were used in the emails of two university researchers and two school teachers to negotiate and manage collaboration practices. It examined the complexities of negotiating collaboration as a social practice in institutional cultures in a non-Western sociocultural setting. The implications of the findings for policy, professional development and future research are discussed. 相似文献
2.
ABSTRACTThere is little empirical research related to the readiness and capacity of academics for team-based collaboration. This case study used the existing literature about collaboration as a term of reference to examine the perceptions of a group of academics engaged in course design and how prepared they were individually and as teams for collaboration. The study found that participants recognised and understood the key elements that distinguish collaboration from other forms of interaction. However, they did not express a depth of understanding about the cognitive and social capacities required for collaboration and the skills, structures and processes necessary to enable team-based collaborative practice. While the participants felt they were willing and largely prepared as individuals for collaboration, closer scrutiny indicated substantial variation in their reports about the willingness, knowledge and skills of the teams on which they served. In addition, participants reported that current conditions at the institutional level serve as inhibitors to collaboration in course design. This included the absence of committed leadership and organisational supports for collaboration. Participants described the dominant culture as more supportive of individualised, competitive and hierarchical work practices. Under these work conditions, participants noted a reliance on individuals’ goodwill to collaborate in the absence of broader organisational structures and support. 相似文献
3.
《Ethnography and Education》2013,8(2):211-228
In this article we used an orienting framework of interactional ethnography to make visible classrooms acting as cultures. We examined the interactional patterns from two different classrooms as participants jointly negotiated and constructed meaning. We first demonstrated how participants began to construct a classroom culture in the first weeks of school. Next, we examined how taking up an ethnographic perspective assisted a teacher candidate to successfully enter an ongoing classroom culture. In the last analytic sequence, we followed the discursive practices surrounding a fifth grade student who re-entered an ongoing classroom culture after an absence of four months. The results showed that using ethnographic skills of observation and interpretation assisted both the teacher candidate and the returning student to become communicatively and culturally competent members, by recognising the social and academic patterned practices that were already taking shape through the classroom interactions. 相似文献
4.
This article examines the preschool–school transition in the Finnish school system from institutional and professional perspectives. It takes place in a context in which the fluent transition from preschool to primary school is supported by developing joint lessons for preschool and primary school children. Transition is seen as a process in which culturally and historically constructed institutional boundaries form an arena for professional learning. The study focuses on boundary work and boundary spaces. Boundaries are seen as spaces where resources from different practices are brought together to expand interpretations of multifaceted tasks. The data are analyzed from a discursive perspective. The study investigates how professionals create new forms of activity when collaborating in boundary spaces. Three discursive frames were identified. The first is called the ‘initiative frame’, the second the ‘consensus frame’ and the third the ‘collaboration frame’. These frames are considered in relation to creating new, shared practices and a common object of activity. 相似文献
5.
ABSTRACTOver the last decades privatization policies have taken centre stage in many processes of educational reform globally. In Latin America, these policies have played an important role since the 1990s leading to an increasing participation of private agents in educational provision. The case of Uruguay stands out for having remained somehow apart from this privatization agenda. More recently, however, research has identified a significant shift in the discursive order especially driven by a series of new actors including think tanks and civil society organizations favourable to different forms of privatization. Building on case study methods and informed by a cultural political economy (CPE) approach this paper addresses two purposes. First, it attempts to explore possible explanations for the scarce development of the private sector in Uruguayan education. Second, it aims to characterize the discourses and strategies increasingly used by different actors to frame and promote policy ideas potentially leading to privatization policies. The study shows how a small but influential number of actors have become involved in the process of promoting ideas that seek to influence policymaking. Findings reveal how these actors frame school autonomy and accountability as policy solutions by means of different strategies of networking and knowledge mobilization. 相似文献
6.
Nicholas Rowe 《高等教育研究与发展》2020,39(4):792-805
ABSTRACTThis article examines the teaching of collaboration within tertiary education, critiquing the hegemony of a neoliberal mandate. This review of academic literature first identifies the significance of social capital and an intrinsic motivation to collaborate, to theorize how an important and complex graduate attribute (termed here ‘collaborative dexterity’) might be approached by pedagogy. This leads into a historical analysis of research into higher education, revealing how the instrumentalization of collaboration to enhance the private advantage of learners continues to pervade academia’s understanding of collaboration. As higher education transitioned from learning ‘through’ collaboration to learning ‘to’ collaborate, extrinsic motivations for collaboration were promoted further through assessment procedures, maintaining a narrow economic-exchange approach to collaboration. These educational practices inhibit the development of collaborative dispositions, foster self-interest and ultimately limit graduates’ preparation for the needs of collaborative work environments. Moreover, while educational scholarship has extensively explored why collaboration is important and how it may be assessed, much less consideration has been given to how collaboration might actually be taught within diverse disciplinary areas in tertiary education. This suggests an urgent need for further research into how collaboration is taught within tertiary education, in ways that extend beyond a neoliberal conceptualization of collaboration. 相似文献
7.
崔向平齐菊红高海燕 《现代远程教育研究》2013,(6):92-97
PBL校际协作是指校际间围绕特定主题开展基于项目的远程协作学习,主要有两种基本组织模式,共同协作建构模式和差异化建构模式。这两种模式的项目选题均立足于教材内容和生活实际,整个校际协作的探究活动以教师为主导、以学生为主体、以知识协同建构为主线。共同协作建构模式的突出特征是校际间通过网络开展远程协作探究贯穿于整个活动过程中,而差异化建构模式则主要利用地区差异作为学习的资源。这两种协作模式的应用效果表明：PBL校际协作模式能够逐步转变师生观念,实现师生协同知识建构,提高师生综合能力,有效培养学生面向21世纪学习的技能,有效促进教师的专业发展,拉近城乡师生间的距离,促进城乡义务教育均衡发展。PBL校际协作模式应当予以重视和推广。 相似文献
8.
This article examines student teachers' discursive constructions of difference, cultural diversity and race as they write and talk about their cultures and identities in relation to teaching and learning in the first year of a Primary Teaching Degree in a regional Australian university.
The qualitative case study which informs this paper considered the discursive resources that students bring to teacher education from their past experiences and contact with cultural differences in communities, families and schools. It examined various discourses around cultural diversity that are available to them in the teacher education course and how their discursive practices are mediated and reconstructed in the particular university context. A major goal was to explore how universities in largely homogeneous settings might firstly work with the resources that students bring to teacher education and, secondly, assist students to consider the implications of cultural and linguistic diversity for teaching language and literacy. 相似文献
The qualitative case study which informs this paper considered the discursive resources that students bring to teacher education from their past experiences and contact with cultural differences in communities, families and schools. It examined various discourses around cultural diversity that are available to them in the teacher education course and how their discursive practices are mediated and reconstructed in the particular university context. A major goal was to explore how universities in largely homogeneous settings might firstly work with the resources that students bring to teacher education and, secondly, assist students to consider the implications of cultural and linguistic diversity for teaching language and literacy. 相似文献
9.
This article explores whether features associated with effective professional communities among K-12 teachers are relevant and sufficient for improving the practice of supervisors in teacher education programs. Interview and observational data from nineteen supervisors in one teacher education program illuminate what supervisors want in order to improve their professional practices and how their needs could be met through ongoing collaboration. The article proposes five features of professional communities that can help supervisors improve their work: norms promoting collaboration; trust and familiarity; activities deprivatizing practices; access to logistical information and shared expectations about the role of supervisors; and time for collaboration. 相似文献
10.
The English further education (FE) sector caters for young learners who are regularly defined as at risk due to a range of economic and social challenges, as transitions from youth to adulthood become more protracted, and inequalities amongst young people and between generations persist and deepen. At a time when policy places increasing responsibilities on governors and leaders to balance college performance and cost-effectiveness against FE’s long-standing social justice mission, this article analyses how this tension plays out through the discursive construction of young learners by two English college governing boards. We use a critical discourse analysis approach to connect how young learners are ‘talked into being’ through the micro-level processes of governing within the wider context in which college governing operates. We argue that, despite a wider drive for governors to interact with learners, their understanding of learners is dominated by data, through which young learners in particular are constituted as a risk rather than at risk. We explore the discursive constructions of young learners that ensue in this data-dominated context, and the social practices governing boards use to manage the risks posed by young learners. We highlight the different positionings of governors and college senior managers within these constitutive practices, arguing that the ways young learners are discursively constructed is revealing of a central tension in college governing practices—that between the high-performing and the socially just college. 相似文献
11.
This paper discusses how discursive power and creativity are found to be inter-related in a context not traditionally associated
with creative work; the operating theatre of a hospital. Here, it is proposed that creativity relies on socio-cultural factors
emphasizing the practical nature of creativity, and highlighting the fact that a large part of our creativity connects with
our everyday social life and practices. We assume that power is exercised in an embedded manner in everyday work and continuously
reproduced and redefined between the social actors. The data utilized here derive from a collective ethnographic research
project focusing on surgical workplace learning and professional identity. Observational data and field notes from work situations
in operating theatres are utilized. The paper illustrates the manifestations of discursive power through three selected example
episodes. Our findings show the intertwined nature of power and creativity in OT work practices. The power relations do not
function only to restrict collaboration but can also promote collective creativity. Collective creativity in inter-professional
work is exercise of agency in the workplace, especially with the actors with less power. Shared creative solutions in the
work practices are achieved in a shared organizational culture in which power becomes discursively internalised and institutionalised.
We argue that new insights will be brought up in the area of workplace learning and professional development by taking into
account the institutionalized collective acts in working communities. The study supports the need for further development
of inter-professional collaboration and learning in health care work organizations. 相似文献
12.
Natasha Penelope Wardman 《Gender and education》2017,29(6):796-812
In a global climate increasingly shaped by neoliberal agendas that privilege meritocratic individualism, it is apparent that society as a whole and educational policy-makers and practitioners in particular expect students to take more ‘responsibility’ for their own learning and behaviour at school. In the Australian context, as elsewhere, schools are seen as sites in which students should develop and practise responsibility for self and others in ways that are enterprising, productive, civic-minded, and in accordance with social norms. Yet, few studies have critically examined how the concept of responsibility features in the everyday, taken-for-granted, discursive practices of policy-makers, teachers and students. This paper discusses findings from an ethnographic study concerned with how the discursive constructions of responsibility in three regional Australian primary schools shape upper-primary students’ understandings and experiences of responsibility for self and others. Using the theoretical insights of Michel Foucault, Emmanuel Levinas and Judith Butler to interpret data, I argue that gendered discourses of biological determinism and peer pressure work to reinforce the misconception that violence and irresponsibility are ‘naturally’ masculine traits. 相似文献
13.
David J. Corson 《Gender and education》1992,4(3):229-254
Since the mid‐1970s studies of language and gender have been increasingly concerned with social justice issues. One aim of these studies has been to identify the role that language plays in the location and maintenance of women in a disadvantageous position in society. This article looks at the role that education plays in creating unjust gender arrangements in society through its language policies and the discursive practices that it legitimates. It begins by critically reviewing many of the studies that have found differences in the respective discourses of men and women. It then reviews the smaller corpus of studies that describe differences in the discourse of preschool and school‐age girls and boys. It then reviews the language policies and discourse practices that schools often adopt which seem to create and reinforce disadvantages for girls and women, suggesting how unjust power is exercised through the medium of school discourse and through taken‐for‐granted school language policies. The article concludes with recommendations for school language policy action. 相似文献
14.
Alandeom W. Oliveira Troy D. Sadler Daniel F. Suslak 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2007,2(1):119-150
This study examines how participation in a verbal exchange during an inquiry-based classroom activity allows three college
students and their science instructor to use linguistic signs (choices of words, grammatical structures, discursive structures,
prosody and poetic discourse) to construct authority and expertise. Our work explores linguistic and interactional processes
of identification (the dynamic construction and transaction of expert identity) and examines how discursive strategies adopted
by the professor at different moments of the verbal exchange influence the students’ subsequent discursive practices and perceptions
of authority. We adopt a dialogic, socio-constructivist perspective on identity, viewing personal identities as being partially
constructed via interactional positioning. Our findings reveal that the attainment of expertise involves two different types
of language-mediated processes: the transmission of a professional vision or intension and the emergence of a perception of
agency among students. The former is centered on referential-denotative meanings of speech (elicitation of standard account
and operational definition) while the latter requires effective use of pragmatic–performative functions of speech (non-evaluative
and more than minimal recipient practices). Consideration is given to the need for science instructors to be able to utilize
pragmatic functions of language strategically to encourage students to position themselves within the identity of science
expertise. 相似文献
15.
Matthew Houdek 《Quarterly Journal of Speech》2018,104(3):279-306
I theorize how the common sense of racialized violence, manifest in public discourse, is engendered by the rhetorical process of racial sedimentation. This meaning-making process fashions a seemingly legitimate text from a reservoir of historically deposited fragments that congeal in response to racial crises as a means of explaining away the threat to the racial status quo and burying critical counterdiscourses. I demonstrate this sedimentation process by analyzing both the dominant and vernacular discourses that emerged in response to eight black churches that were burned in a ten-day period following the June 2015 AME church massacre. I also consider how these vernacular rhetorics mobilize fugitive fragments from what Karma Chávez calls the “undercommonsense” to form a survival discourse and what possibilities those radical (from Latin radix, “root”) meaning-making practices may hold. This essay advances communication studies scholarship by connecting discursive approaches to race and racism with rhetorical scholarship on fragmentation, ideology, and public memory. It offers a vocabulary for confronting civil society’s material rhetorics that mask the material realities of racism and racial oppression, and calls for rhetoricians to take seriously the common-sense racism that perpetuates these dynamics and how it might be revised or contested. 相似文献
16.
This mixed‐method study examined characteristics and predictors of teacher collaboration. Limited research exists that describes the characteristics of teacher collaboration, and surprisingly little work explains the ways in which teaching experience and teachers’ perceptions of the school environment influence teacher collaboration. Questionnaire data were collected from a sample of 118 elementary school teachers in six schools in a northeast urban school district, and interviews were conducted with administrators in each school. Three schools were in their second year implementing the Responsive Classroom ® (RC) approach, and three schools were comparison schools. Teachers reported collaborating approximately once or twice per month, generally with fellow grade‐level teachers about student‐centered topics. Teachers in RC schools reported more frequent formal collaboration than comparison school teachers. In regards to predicting teacher collaboration, teachers who used more RC practices and/or resources reported collaborating more, valuing collaboration to a higher degree, and perceiving greater involvement in school decision‐making, controlling for whether they taught at a RC school. Also, teachers’ perceptions of the school environment related positively to teacher collaboration. The current study adds to the understanding of teacher collaboration and its antecedents, contributing uniquely to the literature on how a school‐wide educational initiative is associated with teachers’ perceptions of their school environment as well as their collaborative behaviors and beliefs. 相似文献
17.
Ching-wai Ho 《Chinese Education & Society》2018,51(6):431-448
AbstractThis study adopted a discursive institutional framework to examine how teachers make sense of and understand transformation in their work and workplace during education reforms. Examination of this process is highly significant because it helps us to understand the often misplaced emphasis on workload in analysis of teachers’ work pressure in public and academic discussions, which might not reflect the whole picture. In-depth interviews were used to obtain information from the teachers’ perspective as front-line practitioners in the education institution. The study identified the discursive processes contributing to the institutionalization of new ideas and practices introduced during education reforms. This article argues that through situating teachers’ response to the reform in the relevant sociohistorical context, we can better delineate how meaning negotiation is possible in the moment of institutional change. 相似文献
18.
Mark Murphy 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(5):345-360
There has been a recent general resurgence of interest in civil society, a resurgence that is also found in adult education. Radical adult educators, in particular, view civil society as the privileged sphere of radical learning and social change. It is seen as the site to engage in democratic struggle, social movements and political change. This new elevation of civil society is tied into a wider crisis on the political left ? the crisis of socialism. This crisis is reflected in the wider debates on the politics of civil society, a debate centred on the differences between Marxist and post-Marxist definitions of civil society. The purpose of this paper is to clarify this debate, and outline its implications for adult education theory and practice. To this end, the paper examines the history of the civil society idea, a history demonstrating that analyses of civil society need to be placed alongside understandings of the state and the market. These understandings of political and economic society provide the bases for two very different political agendas - socialism and radical democracy. The paper discusses how these two agendas impact on adult education, in particular how different analyses of the state/economy/civil society relationship suggest divergent conceptions of social conflict. 相似文献
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论文从协作知识建构的视角研究教师基于教师论坛的交互行为,通过选取教师论坛网中的教师BBS作为个案进行分析,得出现有教师论坛在交互时的质量及存在的问题,提出能有效的促进协作知识构建的教师论坛组织策略——促进边缘性参与策略、信息属性分类策略和观点收敛策略。 相似文献