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1.
Recent surveys in early childhood special education and developmental school psychology reveal that criterion-referenced or curriculum-based developmental assessment (CBA) is the primary form of measurement employed by interdisciplinary early intervention teams. Despite their wide use, little technical adequacy data are available on the validity of CBA instruments with specific populations of handicapped preschoolers. This research analyzed the concurrent validity of two norm-based and six curriculum-based scales commonly used within community early intervention programs with a sample of 50 infants and preschool children having diverse neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral deficits. Results supported the concur- rent validity of CBA measures despite some significant interscale differences. Based on these results, guidelines are offered regarding "best practices" in the use of CBA systems by early intervention teams.  相似文献   

2.
Recent surveys in early childhood special education and developmental school psychology reveal that criterion-referenced or curriculum-based developmental assessment (CBA) is the primary form of measurement employed by interdisciplinary early intervention teams. Despite their wide use, little technical adequacy data are available on the validity of CBA instruments with specific populations of handicapped preschoolers. This research analyzed the concurrent validity of two norm-based and six curriculum-based scales commonly used within community early intervention programs with a sample of 50 infants and preschool children having diverse neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral deficits. Results supported the concur- rent validity of CBA measures despite some significant interscale differences. Based on these results, guidelines are offered regarding “best practices” in the use of CBA systems by early intervention teams.  相似文献   

3.
Gickling's model of curriculum-based assessment (CBA) has been linked to problem identification and intervention development and is used in several school consultation approaches. This article uses Ellis's (2001) three levels of research criteria to examine the use of CBA in a school consultation model. Aside from the need for more psychometric data, available research has consistently supported the theoretical soundness and demonstrated the effectiveness of CBA. However, there is evidence that CBA lacks widespread and consistent implementation. Areas for future research and implications for practice are included.  相似文献   

4.
The showcase writing portfolio process was introduced for nine weeks to eighteen first grade students as an instructional intervention strategy to significantly increase: 1) quality of writing as assessed by the modified holistic rubrics, 2) quantity of writing as assessed using a count of total words written and number of words per journal entry, and 3) motivation to write as assessed by the frequency of visitation to the writing center. Using a t-test analysis, there was a significant increase on all three post assessment measures, as compared to the pre-assessment measures. Thus, the showcase writing portfolio process is an effective teaching strategy for improving writing. The educational implications and significance of this research are: 1) the intervention can be readily integrated into existing early literacy practices advocated in an early childhood curriculum; 2) the measure can be easily used by classroom practitioners for assessment of writing products and processes; 3) the study expands practitioners' uses of the portfolio process as a teaching and motivating methodology.  相似文献   

5.
The showcase writing portfolio process was introduced for nine weeks to eighteen first grade students as an instructional intervention strategy to significantly increase: 1) quality of writing as assessed by the modified holistic rubrics, 2) quantity of writing as assessed using a count of total words written and number of words per journal entry, and 3) motivation to write as assessed by the frequency of visitation to the writing center. Using a t-test analysis, there was a significant increase on all three post assessment measures, as compared to the pre-assessment measures. Thus, the showcase writing portfolio process is an effective teaching strategy for improving writing. The educational implications and significance of this research are: 1) the intervention can be readily integrated into existing early literacy practices advocated in an early childhood curriculum; 2) the measure can be easily used by classroom practitioners for assessment of writing products and processes; 3) the study expands practitioners' uses of the portfolio process as a teaching and motivating methodology.  相似文献   

6.
One important feature of vocational education is to provide students with solid conceptual knowledge along with substantial practical experience, acquired in school and workplace contexts, respectively. However, the research provided evidence that students do not spontaneously articulate the knowledge acquired in different contexts, and that specific instructional activities have to be designed and introduced. The present study deals with this type of activity conducted in a vocational school for health and social care assistants, which involved the use of collaborative writing about workplace critical incidents. The goal was to identify the patterns of interactions, and specifically the type of peer-feedback that engage students in productive collaboration. Qualitative analyses show that the writing productions could be categorized in four collaboration patterns differing in the level in which students would elaborate on their peers’ experience and profit from the peers’ suggestions in order to improve their understanding. On this basis, we propose a series of recommendations for implementing effective and instructionally relevant collaborative writing activities in vocational education.  相似文献   

7.
ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to explore the validity of the assessment tool. The purposive sampling method is applied in this research on a total of 551 preschool children between 4 and 6 years old. Their ages range from 46 to 81 months, with an average age of 63.9 months (SD?=?7.58). The assessment tool used in this research is the “Computerized Visual Motor Integration Assessment Tool Using Chinese Basic Strokes”. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to automatically determine children’s writing classification. The findings suggest that the assessment tool developed has good validity in terms of sensitivity, specificity and the accuracy. This tool is recommended for use in the diagnosis of Chinese visual motor integration issues for preschoolers, so that their potential writing difficulties may be detected early, and the goal of early intervention may be achieved.  相似文献   

8.
Curriculum‐based assessment (CBA) strategies have been suggested as an alternative model to traditional norm‐referenced assessment for decision making in special education. The application of CBA procedures across all decision making areas (i.e., screening and referring; determining eligibility and classifying; planning programs; monitoring progress and modifying programs; and evaluating programs) is presented. Implementation of a CBA model in applied settings indicates that this model may be feasible, efficient, accurate, and effective for all levels of decision making in special education. Suggestions for further research are offered.  相似文献   

9.
Leon  Jody  Sue 《Assessing Writing》2008,13(1):45-60
This paper is an examination of statewide district writing achievement gain data from the Nebraska Statewide Writing Assessment system and implications for statewide assessment writing models. The writing assessment program is used to gain compliance with the United States No Child Left Behind Law (NCLB), a federal effort to influence school district assessment and accountability. While the research literature is mixed with some viewing statewide writing assessment as narrowing writing curriculum and “standardizing” writing, others point out that it facilitates sharing between teachers to improve writing and teachers are empowered by their participation in the process.Nebraska's Statewide Writing Assessment, based on the six-trait model, has strong support from teachers regarding their perception of the assessment in supporting teaching practices and student success. Examination of achievement gain data revealed gains in 4th, 8th, and 11th grades in the average number of students rated proficient from one administration of the assessment to the next.Implications for educational practice, recommendations for future research, and relevant related issues (NCLB concerns and measurement issues) are discussed.  相似文献   

10.
The purpose of this article is to address a major gap in the instructional sensitivity literature on how to develop instructionally sensitive assessments. We propose an approach to developing and evaluating instructionally sensitive assessments in science and test this approach with one elementary life‐science module. The assessment we developed was administered to 125 students in seven classrooms. The development approach considered three dimensions of instructional sensitivity; that is, assessment items should: represent the curriculum content, reflect the quality of instruction, and have formative value for teaching. Focusing solely on the first dimension, representation of the curriculum content, this study was guided by the following research questions: (1) What science module characteristics can be systematically manipulated to develop items that prove to be instructionally sensitive? and (2) Are the instructionally sensitive assessments developed sufficiently valid to make inferences about the impact of instruction on students' performance? In this article, we describe our item development approach and provide empirical evidence to support validity arguments about the developed instructionally sensitive items. Results indicated that: (1) manipulations of the items at different proximities to vary their sensitivity were aligned with the rules for item development and also corresponded with pre‐to‐post gains; and (2) the items developed at different distances from the science module showed a pattern of pre‐to‐post gain consistent with their instructional sensitivity, that is, the closer the items were to the science module, the larger the observed gains and effect sizes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 691–712, 2012  相似文献   

11.
The need for measures of reading comprehension that are consistent with current research and theory is being addressed in the development of new state-wide reading tests in Michigan. A synthesis of research from a variety of disciplines supports the constructive, interactive view of reading that provides the conceptual framework for the new Michigan tests. The procedures for selecting and analyzing texts and constructing comprehension questions described in this article are an important first step in the development of approaches to comprehension assessment that are both conceptually and instructionally valid.  相似文献   

12.
This study investigates the extent to which the Dynamic Approach (DA) to Teacher Professional Development (TPD) can help teachers develop their assessment skills and through that contribute to the improvement of student learning outcomes. To achieve this aim, a multi-treatment group randomisation study was conducted to compare the impact of the DA with the impact of the Competency-Based Approach (CBA) on developing assessment skills and promoting student learning outcomes. Assessment skills of 178 teachers and achievement of their students (n = 2358) were measured before and after the intervention. The DA had greater impact on teacher assessment skills and student learning outcomes than the CBA. Differential effects were also identified since differences in the impact of each approach were only identified for teachers who were situated at higher stages of assessment skills. Implications of findings for research, policy and practice are drawn.  相似文献   

13.
This article discusses three sets of challenges involved in the assessment of writing from a developmental perspective. These challenges include defining a workable theory of development, developing a suitable construct, and overcoming limitations in technocentric approaches to writing assessment.In North America in recent years, a burgeoning number of scholars have begun to explore the development of writing ability through the lens of knowledge transfer research. This paper discusses limitations in current and traditional conceptions of transfer, proposing a bioecological model of transfer to resolve these issues. Related to issues of transfer are challenges in defining the construct under investigation in the assessment of writing development. Beaufort's (2007) model of expertise in writing is discussed as a promising framework for defining this construct. Related to these challenges are limitations in current assessment technologies. Drawing on Huot's (2002) concept of assessment-as-research, this article discusses possibilities for broadening the range of assessment practices available to assessors of writing.  相似文献   

14.
A significant number of studies have examined the cognitive components of basic academic skills, which has led to major changes in both teaching and early identification assessment practices. However, the majority of previous research has focused solely on reading. This study examines the cognitive components of academic writing skills across early grade levels (1–4) while controlling for basic word identification skills. Results from this study suggest writing skill requires several cognitive skills of differing emphasis depending on the level of writing skill. Perceptual and rapid perceptual processing skills are important during the early acquisition of writing skills followed by a transition to language and language retrieval skills and later still to working memory skills. Applications for education and cognitive assessment are discussed.  相似文献   

15.
Early literacy interventions have demonstrated that pedagogically sound programmes can boost reading achievement for students who do not succeed in early literacy learning. However, there is less evidence as to what extent gains are maintained in subsequent years or the factors which may contribute to sustained progress. The research reported in this article employed a cross‐sectional design to investigate the achievement of students who had previously participated in Reading Recovery. Two to four years after successfully completing the intervention, students were assessed in reading and writing by using standardised assessment tools. Although 60% of students had retained parity in reading in comparison with their age cohort, 40% were markedly below the mean of the cohort and the national norm. Data from case study schools provide some initial suggestions for school implementation factors which affect continued success. Conclusions regarding the need to plan for sustainability of gains following early intervention are made.  相似文献   

16.
Complex Problem Solving (CPS) skills are essential to successfully deal with environments that change dynamically and involve a large number of interconnected and partially unknown causal influences. The increasing importance of such skills in the 21st century requires appropriate assessment and intervention methods, which in turn rely on adequate item construction, delivery, and scoring. The lack of assessment tools, however, has slowed down research on and understanding of CPS. This paper first presents the MicroDYN framework for assessing CPS, which is based on linear structural equation systems with input and output variables and opaque relations among them. Second, a versatile assessment platform, the CBA Item Builder, which allows the authoring, delivery, and scoring of CPS tasks for scientific and educational purposes is introduced. Third, we demonstrate the potential of such a tool for research by reporting an experimental study illustrating the effect of domain specific content knowledge on performance in CPS tasks both on an overall performance and on a process level. The importance of accessible and versatile technical platforms not only for assessment and research but also for intervention and learning are discussed with a particular focus on educational contexts.  相似文献   

17.
本文旨在探讨写作自动评价系统应用于教学的有效模式,为今后相关的教学和科研实践提供行动指南。基于先前研究成果,作者提出基于自动评价系统的自主写作、多维反馈以及修改于一体的系统的先导模式,并应用于为期两学期的教学实验中,探讨其在实际教学中的有效性。研究采取量化和质性研究相结合的方法,通过准实验、教师日志和访谈,多角度探究模式在教学中的运用效果。  相似文献   

18.
《教育实用测度》2013,26(3):171-191
The purpose of this study is to describe a Many-Faceted Rasch (FACETS) model for the measurement of writing ability. The FACETS model is a multivariate extension of Rasch measurement models that can be used to provide a framework for calibrating both raters and writing tasks within the context of writing assessment. The use of the FACETS model for solving measurement problems encountered in the large-scale assessment of writing ability is presented here. A random sample of 1,000 students from a statewide assessment of writing ability is used to illustrate the FACETS model. The data suggest that there are significant differences in rater severity, even after extensive training. Small, but statistically significant, differences in writing- task difficulty were also found. The FACETS model offers a promising approach for addressing measurement problems encountered in the large- scale assessment of writing ability through written compositions.  相似文献   

19.
A qualitative research project was carried out to explore the views of children with special educational needs, their parents and teachers about one aspect of educational psychology practice: the dynamic assessment of cognitive skills. The research was carried out in a highly diverse and inclusive borough in East London, by Nicola Lawrence from Hounslow Educational Psychology Service, and Sharon Cahill from the University of East London. The views of nine children were sought through semi‐structured interviews regarding the process of dynamic assessment, supported with tools and techniques to facilitate discussion. The views of eight parents and seven teachers were also sought, through semi‐structured interviews and focus groups, regarding the psychological reports produced from dynamic assessment. Of the original findings acquired through thematic analysis of the data, those pertaining to the perceived impact of dynamic assessment of cognitive skills are reported. Dynamic assessment was reported to impact positively upon the child's emotional well‐being, self‐perceptions, approach to learning and social relationships, both directly, and through the subsequent intervention of parents and educators. Dynamic assessment, as well as providing instructionally useful information for parents and teachers, encouraged them to move beyond locating the problem within the child, to reconceptualising their special educational needs in context. As a result, parents and teachers became more positive and optimistic about the child, the current situation and the child's future. Dynamic assessment impacted upon the child's holistic needs, parenting and the development of inclusive practice in the classroom. It is concluded that from the perspective of service users, dynamic assessment forms a worthwhile and valuable part of educational psychology practice.  相似文献   

20.
Historically, child care quality research has focused primarily on typically developing children cared for in center-based programs. Findings from this research suggests that variations in quality of care have an effect on children's well-being and developmental outcomes. In this paper, we draw on child care quality research to inform our understanding of quality in early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families. Conceptual issues in defining quality and methodological challenges for assessing quality of early intervention services are presented. In the final sections of this paper, we discuss our efforts to design a measure of quality for early intervention programs and present some of the unresolved issues related to the assessment of quality in early intervention programs.  相似文献   

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