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研发驱动现代产业形成的三阶段理论探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着科技的发展和信息化时代的到来,市场竞争的压力促使市场参与者不断进行研发创新.研发活动的存在让企业在满足市场需求的同时,也可以创造需求,这使得以利益取向和生产规模决定产业形成的传统产业形成理论受到了挑战.现代产业是以研发为驱动力而形成的价值链集合,其形成过程可以划分为单独研发向合作研发转化阶段、合作研发向研发产业化转化阶段和现代产业形成阶段等三个阶段.未来企业的发展趋势将由实体制造向虚拟制造转变.企业研发活动也将完全外部化,形成研发产业,研发产业则构成了现代产业的驱动核心. 相似文献
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快节奏的市场竞争加速了产品更新换代,为了提升竞争力,企业研发活动逐渐外部化,研发活动呈现产业化趋势.研发活动产业化的基础是,有一个专门从事研发活动的主体,这一新兴的“主体”在运作模式上,具有一些不同于其他企业主体的特征.研究借鉴国外研发主体运行机制,对于我国研发主体再造、发展研发产业具有重要意义.以MR＆D公司为例,作了这方面的探讨. 相似文献
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国外研发产业主体运行机制分析--以MR&D公司为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
快节奏的市场竞争加速了产品更新换代,为了提升竞争力,企业研发活动逐渐外部化,研发活动呈现产业化趋势.研发活动产业化的基础是,有一个专门从事研发活动的主体,这一新兴的"主体"在运作模式上,具有一些不同于其他企业主体的特征.研究借鉴国外研发主体运行机制,对于我国研发主体再造、发展研发产业具有重要意义.以MR&D公司为例,作了这方面的探讨. 相似文献
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采用我国29个省、市、自治区高技术产业与传统产业2001~2010年的R&D投入与产出数据,基于空间权重矩阵,利用空间计量分析方法,考察了空间权重矩阵下我国高技术产业与传统产业的省际R&D溢出效应。实证结果表明:在不同空间计量模型下,高技术产业与传统产业省际溢出效应均很明显,尽管我国高技术产业的R&D活动较活跃,但高技术产业在R&D溢出方面低于传统产业;高技术产业研发资本投入对R&D产出的贡献要高于研发人员投入,而传统产业恰恰相反;在不同产业的溢出中,经济距离因素都扮演着重要角色。 相似文献
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技术创新和研发活动在当今知识经济时代中的地位日渐突出,它们与区城经济发展形成日益紧密的关联.全球性的研发活动由于不断外部化和商业化而逐渐具备产业化特征,"研发产业"的提法已被广为接受,其飞速发展对于世界经济和科技的发展具有重大意义. 相似文献
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采用2009-2015年中国31个省（市、区）的面板数据,从经济贡献率的视角对我国企业R&D活动的主体地位进行了再检验,并基于动态门槛面板数据模型分析了企业及政府两大R&D投入主体对区域经济的非线性差异性影响。研究认为,以R&D投入的经济绩效为评价标准,我国企业主体地位尚未真正建立;处于不同科技水平的地区,不同R&D主体的经济绩效存在差异：科技发展水平低于第一门槛时,政府R&D投入更利于促进区域经济;科技发展水平超过第一门槛时,企业才能显著促进区域经济发展;而科技水平超过第二门槛时,政府和企业对区域经济的带动效应趋于一致。我国现有研发活动中,政府和企业超过70%的R&D投入份额位于第二门槛之上,因此引导企业向中等科技发展水平地区的R&D投入,同时增大政府对科技落后地区R&D活动的扶持和补贴应成为我国科技政策的重要目标。 相似文献
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随着全球创新网络及知识经济迅速发展,研发产业作为一种战略性新型产业,对于产业结构升级转型具有重要作用.研发产业集聚及产业空间布局演进过程具有其特殊性的内在机理和外在作用机制,对于区域经济发展及地理空间的演变发挥着重要作用,其演化路径及作用机理分析对于深化研发产业性质特征、演化动力、空间集散形态及产业融合具有重要意义,其空间集聚分析对于丰富空间经济学及新经济地理学内涵与外延的研究具有一定的推动意义和现实参鉴价值.从文献回顾、研发产业的空间形态及表现、研发产业集聚的动力因素、研发产业集聚对于区域空间重构的演化路径及作用机理分析等方面阐述研发集聚重构区域空间内容,结合欧美日等发达国家的研发产业集聚案例及实证分析系统说明研发集聚的技术创新能力及空间辐射影响力.最后通过研发产业集聚对于区域空间重构的演化路径和研发产业集聚导致区域地理实体空间结构的变化及区域指向的变更、研发产业集散的时空过程导致产业资源的整合和空间重组、研发产业集聚加速区域创新能力提升及研发联盟的空间响应机制、研发产业集聚导致的集聚经济和外部经济加速空间溢出效应形成等4个方面,系统分析研发产业集聚对于区域空间重构的作用机理. 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献