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1.
Age of Bilingual Exposure Is Related to the Contribution of Phonological and Semantic Knowledge to Successful Reading Development 
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下载免费PDF全文 Bilingual children's reading as a function of age of first bilingual language exposure (AoE) was examined. Bilingual (varied AoE) and monolingual children (N = 421) were compared in their English language and reading abilities (6–10 years) using phonological awareness, semantic knowledge, and reading tasks. Structural equation modeling was applied to determine how bilingual AoE predicts reading outcomes. Early exposed bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on phonological awareness and word reading. Phonology and semantic (vocabulary) knowledge differentially predicted reading depending on the bilingual experience and AoE. Understanding how bilingual experiences impact phonological awareness and semantic knowledge, and in turn, impact reading outcomes is relevant for our understanding of what language and reading skills are best to focus on, and when, to promote optimal reading success. 相似文献
2.
In hearing children, reading skills have been found to be closely related to phonological awareness. We used several standardized tests to investigate the reading and phonological awareness skills of 27 deaf school-age children who were experienced cochlear implant users. Approximately two-thirds of the children performed at or above the level of their hearing peers on the phonological awareness and reading tasks. Reading scores were found to be strongly correlated with measures of phonological awareness. These correlations remained the same when we statistically controlled for potentially confounding demographic variables such as age at testing and speech perception skills. However, these correlations decreased even after we statistically controlled for vocabulary size. This finding suggests that lexicon size is a mediating factor in the relationship between the children's phonological awareness and reading skills, a finding that has also been reported for typically developing hearing children. 相似文献
3.
从语音意识的概念入手,明晰了语音意识的内涵。通过回顾国内外相关研究,表明语音意识和英语阅读能力间存在显著正相关关系,文章阐释了语音意识作用于阅读的原因。研究表明,重视语音意识,采取科学的方法对语音意识进行训练是提高大学英语阅读能力的新的有效途径。本文提出了具体的提高语音意识的教学方法。 相似文献
4.
Phonological Analysis Skills, Verbal Working Memory, and Reading Ability in Second-Grade Children 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
This study tested the hypothesis that phonological analysis skills make a unique contribution to reading ability against the hypothesis that one latent phonological factor underlies the assocations among analysis skills, verbal working memory skills, and reading achievement. Hierachical multiple regression analyses examined the unique contributions of phonological analysis and verbal working memory measures to the prediction of 3 measures of concurrent reading ability in 68 second-grade children (mean age 7 years 4 months). Phonological analysis and verbal working memory measures each accounted for unique variation in each of the 3 reading measures. In addition, phonological analysis measures, but not verbal working memory measures, were particularly strong predictors of pseudoword reading skills. These results suggest that, although phonological analysis and verbal working memory skills share a substantial amount of common variance, phonological analysis and verbal working memory tasks do tap somewhat different reading-related skills. 相似文献
5.
《Educational Assessment》2013,18(4):349-368
The central argument of this experiment is that phonological awareness deficits are characteristic of children with low reading, and therefore phonological awareness tasks will be better predictors of children at risk for low reading than tasks reflecting other processes associated with successful reading. The Early Reading Screening (ERS) was developed to identify kindergarten children at risk in terms of Stanovich's (1988) phonogical core deficit model. It was compared with the Screening Index (SI; Jansky & deHirsch, 1972), a prediction model based on underlying visual-motor and oral language processes believed to be associated with successful reading. Data from 129 middle- to high-socioeconomic status urban kindergarten children were analyzed using correlations between the two screenings and a first-grade reading outcome measure. The ERS accounted for 48% of first-grade reading variance, whereas the SI accounted for 14%. When a 2 x 2 classification matrix was used to test prediction accuracy, both tests correctly identified roughly 85% of successful readers, but the ERS was a better predictor of low reading. The value of this study lies in its dual analysis methods as well as in the notion of using a predictor associated with poor rather than successful performance on the outcome measure. 相似文献
6.
R. Cohen Mimran 《Reading and writing》2006,19(3):291-311
The purpose of the present study was to examine the contribution of phonological and nonphonological language skills to reading
among Hebrew-speaking children with and without reading disabilities (RD) aged 10–13. We expected that the performance of
children with RD would be significantly poorer in all of the language processes compared with those of chronological age-matched
children with no RD. Also, we expected that nonphonological language skills would contribute unique variance to reading level.
The results showed that the most marked predictor for all reading measures was the phonological awareness measure. However,
nonphonological language skills also showed a significant contribution to variance in accuracy and rate of reading real words
but not to variance in pseudoword reading. The discussion highlights how investigating different orthographic systems can deepen our understanding of the role
of the different language processes at play in reading. Our results further stress the importance of using multi-componential
reading measures (i.e., pseudowords, real words and reading rate) when analyzing the relationship between reading and language
skills. 相似文献
7.
Catherine McBride-Chang 《Child development》1996,67(4):1836-1856
Multiple measures of speech perception, phonological awareness, naming speed, verbal short-term memory, and word reading were concurrently administered to 136 third- and fourth-grade children. Structural equation modeling was used to contrast 5 models of the relations of speech perception and phonological processing skills to reading with IQ controlled. The best-fitting model, the Indirect Model, was one in which the effect of speech perception on reading was mediated by its relations with phonological processing abilities. Naming speed was particularly highly associated with speech perception, possible evidence for the Motor Theory. Phonological awareness was also substantially correlated with speech perception. 相似文献
8.
Nathalie N. Bélanger Shari R. Baum Rachel I. Mayberry 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(3):263-285
Deaf people often achieve low levels of reading skills. The hypothesis that the use of phonological codes is associated with good reading skills in deaf readers is not yet fully supported in the literature. We investigated skilled and less skilled adult deaf readers' use of orthographic and phonological codes in reading. Experiment 1 used a masked priming paradigm to investigate automatic use of these codes during visual word processing. Experiment 2 used a serial recall task to determine whether orthographic and phonological codes are used to maintain words in memory. Skilled hearing, skilled deaf, and less skilled deaf readers used orthographic codes during word recognition and recall, but only skilled hearing readers relied on phonological codes during these tasks. It is important to note that skilled and less skilled deaf readers performed similarly in both tasks, indicating that reading difficulties in deaf adults may not be linked to the activation of phonological codes during reading. 相似文献
9.
A 3-group reading-level design was used to investigate phonological analysis, verbal working memory, and pseudoword reading performance in less skilled fourth-grade readers. Children were given phonological oddity tasks assessing their sensitivity to subsyllabic and phonemic units, together with standardized tests of verbal working memory and pseudoword reading. Less skilled fourth-grade readers performed lower than both chronological age and reading-level controls on the phonological oddity and pseudoword reading tests. Less skilled fourth-grade readers performed at the same level as skilled second-grade readers on a test of verbal working memory. Skilled fourth-grade readers scored higher than both other groups on this test. Correlational analyses were consistent with the view that phonological analysis skills contribute more strongly than verbal working memory skills to children's decoding abilities. 相似文献
10.
《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(1):31-54
Orthographic consistency in different languages is likely to have an effect on phonological recoding skills, which are basic to the acquisition of reading. To explore this issue, we investigated word and nonword reading in German- and English-speaking 7- to 12-year-old children. Comparability of the stimuli across the 2 languages was strictly controlled: The German and English words used were common to both languages. Nonwords were derived by exchanging consonantal onsets between short words and by recombining syllables in long words. An identical set of CVCVCV nonwords was also presented to both language groups. At ages 7, 8, and 9, English-speaking children made a higher proportion of errors than their German-speaking peers when reading nonwords and words of low frequency. This was the case even when word-recognition ability was equated between the 2 language groups. By age 12, both groups had equally fast nonword-recognition latencies, but English-speaking readers were still less accurate when recoding long and complex nonwords. Only the younger English-speaking readers made substantial numbers of errors with CVCVCV nonwords. Vowels, which are the most inconsistent feature of English orthography, were often mispronounced in English but hardly ever in German, where they are consistent. Word-substitution errors occurred more frequently in English than in German. We suggest that low orthographic consistency, as in English, necessitates the use of complex and error-prone strategies in phonological recoding, whereas high consistency, as in German, allows phonological recoding into syllables on-line. This makes the teaching of phonological recoding relatively straightforward and allows the acquisition of basic reading skills to proceed at a faster pace. Differences in the teaching of reading might in turn contribute to differences in recoding skills. 相似文献
11.
This paper describes an applied training study which investigated the differential effects of two instructional methods on the reading performance of primary school children with reading difficulties. Sixty five children aged 7-10 participated. Twenty five children were assigned to each of two experimental groups: direct instruction in phonological awareness and the alphabetic principle, or the same direct instruction in phonological awareness in conjunction with training in specific metalinguistic concepts and metacognitive strategies. Fifteen children were selected as controls. Reading performance from baseline was measured within a pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest experimental design. Data and results are presented on 60 children owing to attrition. Results showed that direct instruction in phonological awareness improved the reading performance of children with reading difficulties over time. However, direct instruction in phonological awareness in conjunction with explicit training in specific metalinguistic concepts and metacognitive strategies was more advantageous overall. 相似文献
12.
Reading is not only the most effective way to get the knowledge of the language but also the only way to improve the language skills of English learners.However,the vast majority of students’reading ability are far apart from the curriculum standards in reality.Reading English newspaper helps to mobilize the enthusiasm of students’reading,and improve their reading ability.It forms a bridge between learning and real life.It extends the English reading from the teaching materials and guides students to a lot of extracurricular reading,creating a new reading space for students. 相似文献
13.
Madelon van den Boer Peter F. de Jong Marleen M. Haentjens-van Meeteren 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(4):243-256
Beginning readers' reading latencies increase as words become longer. This length effect is believed to be a marker of a serial reading process. We examined the effects of visual and phonological skills on the length effect. Participants were 184 second-grade children who read 3- to 5-letter words and nonwords. Results indicated that reading latencies could be decomposed into a length effect and an overall reading speed. Individual differences in the length effect were predicted by phonological awareness and visual attention span. Rapid naming accounted only for differences in overall reading speed. 相似文献
14.
胡建强 《柳州职业技术学院学报》2006,6(1):104-106
阅读是一门综合技能的学习。大学英语教学的最终目标是培养学生以书面或口头方式进行交际的能力。阅读在公外英语教学中占了最大的比例,在英语三、四级、应用能力B级考试中所占的分值也最高。在当今这个高度信息化、全球经济一体化的时代,阅读能力的提高也意味着综合素质的提高。本文所介绍的技巧及教学模式对学生三、四级英语阅读能力及初级阶段的英语阅读能力的提高较为有效。 相似文献
15.
Orthographic and Phonological Processes in Reading 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Investigations of reading have focussed largely on two component processes, phonological processing and orthographic processing.
However, a number of unresolved issues have hampered progress in the investigation of these abilities. Three such issues that
formed the focus of the present study were (1) the extent to which tasks used to operationalise orthographic processing measure
the same construct, (2) the extent to which tasks from a range of phonological processing domains measure the same construct,
and (3) the degree to which orthographic processing tasks reflect orthographic processes independent of extraneous phonological
operations, and conversely, phonological processing tasks measure phonological processes independent of orthographic processes.
To address these questions, a variety of tasks used to evaluate orthographic processing (orthographic verification, homophone
verification, nonlexical choice, irregular word reading, irregular word spelling), phonological processing (phoneme deletion,
phonological choice, nonword reading, nonword spelling) and related domains (e.g., word identification, IQ) were administered
to 177 children from Grades 3, 4 and 5. Factor analysis conducted using accuracy data revealed that orthographic processing
tasks congregate along a single factor, while phonological processing tasks congregate along another, separate factor, viewed
as evidence for the construct validity of orthographic processing and phonological processing, respectively. When response-time
data were analysed, these same tasks did not differentiate on the basis of their orthographic and phonological demands, but
rather in terms of their more general task demands. Additionally, results reveal that some phonological processing and orthographic
processing tasks measure their respective construct with a greater degree of purity than do others. It is recommended that
these tasks be used in future research. 相似文献
16.
The primary goal of this study was to comparethree theoretical accounts of readingdisability (RD) by simultaneously studyingphonological, visual, and temporal processingskills. Adults with and without RD werecompared on measures of phonological processingwith the Auditory Analysis Test (AAT) and theWoodcock Reading Mastery Test (WRMT-R) WordAttack subtest. Visual processing was assessedwith the Useful Field of View test (UFOV®)and the Frequency Doubling Technology Perimeter(FDT). The Repetition Test was used toevaluate temporal processing skills. Adultswith RD evidenced poorer phonological andtemporal processing skills than did adultswithout RD, but no significant differencesbetween the groups were found in visualprocessing. Future research is needed toclarify the relations among phonological,visual, and temporal skills and the roles theyplay in RD. The trajectory and co-existence ofdeficits throughout development, as well as howspecifically such impairments affect reading,warrant further investigation. 相似文献
17.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy of the multisensory teaching approach to improve reading skills
at the first-grade level. The control group was taught by the Houghton-Mifflin Basal Reading Program while the treatment group
was taught by the Language Basics: Elementary, which incorporates the Orton-Gillingham-based Alphabetic Phonics Method. The
results showed that the treatment group made statistically significant gains in phonological awareness, decoding, and reading
comprehension while the control group made gains only on reading comprehension. 相似文献
18.
在外语教学中,阅读是一个极为重要的环节,阅读理解是所有阅读技巧的目标也是阅读学习的最终目的,它可以加强学习者的听、说、写、译等技巧。在网络环境下,计算机的使用比传统的方法更能加强学习者的阅读理解能力。 相似文献
19.
Reading and Writing - Phonological awareness has been found to be an important skill underpinning reading development in several alphabetic languages. However, the development of phonological... 相似文献
20.
Phonological awareness and phonological memory have been cited separately as two cognitive skills thought to underpin literacy. Few studies, however, have investigated the relationship between these two skills and their relative contribution to early reading and spelling. The aims of this longitudinal study were to evaluate the developmental relationship between these two phonological processing skills and to consider their relative contributions to early literacy. This paper reports results from the first 12 months of the study, which monitored 80 preliterate children during their first year of formal schooling. The findings discussed here suggest that phonological awareness and phonological memory both make significant yet distinctive contributions to early literacy: while early phonological awareness may predict subsequent single‐word reading, early phonological memory appears to play an important part in the development of the decoding strategies needed for later reading. Evidence that a qualitative change in phonological memory takes place during the first year of formal schooling confirms earlier claims that a phonological strategy for spelling may develop before a similar strategy for reading (Frith, 1985; Huxford, 1993). 相似文献