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1.
以全球研发顶尖企业和中国大中型企业为对比样本组,运用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数建立计量模型,分行业检测全球研发顶尖企业和中国大中型企业的R&D投资与销售业绩的贡献。同时比较其他资本投资、人力投资的贡献;结果表明,全球研发顶尖企业的R&D投资对销售收入呈显著正相关,对销售业绩的贡献明显大于其他资本投入和人力投入;中国企业的R&D投资对销售业绩的贡献明显小于劳动力投入;R&D对销售业绩的贡献在行业间存在显著差异,高科技行业显著高于低科技行业。 相似文献
2.
以2002~2013年制造业和信息技术业沪深上市公司为样本,分析了金融市场对企业研发投入的影响,并从微观角度探究了二者之间的影响机制。通过对动态R&D投资模型进行面板回归发现:外部金融市场的变化影响着企业R&D投入,股权分置改革促进企业R&D投入,金融危机阻碍企业R&D投入;作为二者之间重要的影响机制,股权融资对企业研发投入存在显著正向影响,对年轻企业尤其显著,但存在三年的滞后期;股权融资主要通过缓解融资约束来提高企业研发投入。 相似文献
3.
本文利用2009年中国企业创新调查数据,首先对中低技术企业进行界定,并在此基础上分析了中低技术企业与中高、高技术企业在创新模式和创新绩效方面的差异。结果发现：（1）行业内部企业R&D研发强度存在高度的异质性,中低技术行业内存在相当比例的高R&D研发强度企业,中高、高技术行业内同样也存在相当比例的中低R&D研发强度企业。企业创新模式除了存在行业差异,基于企业R&D投入强度的企业类型差异也非常明显。（2）从创新绩效看,相对于同行业内的中高和高技术企业,中低技术企业在产品创新方面表现较差;但在服务创新方面并没有显著差别;在过程创新在某些方面甚至优于中高和高技术企业。 相似文献
4.
研发投入、FDI的R&D溢出与自主创新效率的研究——基于重庆制造业的面板数据(2000-2007) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用重庆制造业2000-2007年12个行业面板数据,定量评估FDI的R&D溢出及企业内部研发投入对该行业自主创新效率的影响机制.就行业整体而言,FDI、企业自身R&D资本投入和研发人员投入对其自主创新效率的提高均有显著的促进作用;在劳动密集型行业,FDI和企业研发人员投入对行业企业的自主创新效率提高起到显著的促进作用,但研发资本投入对其没有明显影响;在资本密集型行业,FDI对行业企业自主创新能力的提高没有明显的促进作用,企业资本投入和研发人员投入却起到了重要作用. 相似文献
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以2004—2012年1042家在深圳交易所中小板和创业板IPO公司为样本,检验了风险投资及其背景对我国创业企业研发活动的影响.结果表明：总体而言,风险投资有利于我国创业企业提高研发投入,但并不能提高研发投入对企业未来绩效的贡献.进一步的分析显示,不同背景的风险投资对创业企业研发活动的影响存在显著差异.具体地,与本土背景的风险投资相比,外资背景的风险投资更能促进创业企业提高研发投入以及研发投入对企业未来绩效的贡献;与民营背景的风险投资相比,政府背景的风险投资对创业企业研发投入的影响并无显著差异,但显著降低了研发投入对企业未来绩效的贡献. 相似文献
7.
基于知识结构的R＆D投入与技术创新绩效关系的实证分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
技术创新是企业获得竞争优势的不二法则,技术创新的本质是知识创新,企业的知识结构直接影响着技术创新绩效.R&D是企业知识的主要来源,从知识结构视角将R&D投入分为获得显性知识投入、实物投入及获得隐性知识投入、人力资本投资及人力资本存量,结合企业与外部企业知识交流提出了R&D获得显性知识投入和获得隐性知识投入与企业创新绩效的关系模型,并通过对154家高新技术企业R&D投入的实证分析,发现显性知识对创新绩效的显著影响及臆性知识对创新绩效的贡献,揭示了目前企业以快速占领市场为导向的技术创新战略. 相似文献
8.
以2007-2010年年报披露研发投入数据的沪深A股上市公司1071个观测值为样本,从R&D投入会计处理方法选择的角度分析企业进行R&D资本化与费用化政策选择的影响因素。研究结果表明:新会计准则对R&D投入会计报告的变革有一定的积极意义,R&D资本化与费用化的选择受到了企业特征的影响。研发强度大、盈利水平低、规模较小、负债水平高、股权分散、研发投入不稳定且处于扭亏临界和高技术行业的公司倾向于选择将R&D资本化,而那些规模较大,盈利水平高、负债率低、股权相对集中、研发投入稳定的企业则倾向于将R&D费用化。另外,R&D资本化与费用化的选择与其系统风险、成长性和收益平滑动机没有显著关系。 相似文献
9.
企业规模与R&D投入强度关系的实证分析 总被引：31，自引：5，他引：31
以西安市近八百家企业为研究对象 ,应用结构方程模型 ,对企业规模与企业R&D投入强度的关系进行了实证分析 ,结果表明 :企业规模与企业R&D投入强度呈倒U型曲线关系 ,当企业规模较小时 ,与企业R&D投入强度正相关 ;当企业规模较大时 ,与企业R&D投入强度负相关。实证分析结果显示 :企业被评为高新技术企业对R&D投入强度有正面的影响 ;企业经营者才能有助于增加企业进入高新技术行列的可能性 ,并进而促进R&D投入强度的增大。 相似文献
10.
《科学学与科学技术管理》2021,42(7):139-156
近年来,领导谦卑行为对创新的影响备受关注,但一直缺乏对有效情境的探讨。更重要的是,以往研究普遍聚焦于团队与个人层面,缺少从组织层面考察领导谦卑行为对创新的影响。从产权差异视角研究风险承担与行业竞争对管理层谦卑影响企业研发投入的边界效应。以在沪深A股上市的高新技术企业数据为样本研究发现:谦卑的管理层会降低企业研发投入强度,这在不同产权性质的企业中存在显著差异。具体地,当国有企业风险承担水平较高以及非国有企业面对较弱的行业竞争时,谦卑的管理层会对企业研发投入强度具有显著的负向影响;相对地,当国有企业风险承担水平较低以及非国有企业面对较强的行业竞争时,谦卑的管理层会促进企业研发投入。进一步研究发现,在产权性质差异情境下,管理层谦卑行为对国有企业与非国有企业探索式创新与利用式创新行为具有不同的影响。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
16.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
17.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
18.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
19.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
20.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献