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1.
能动关联:“云”时代的设计学习理念与策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
当前,人类社会已进入了以"云"计算为标志的、网络荷载和CPU数字计算能力空前成熟、新一代高速互联网迅猛发展的信息化时代。人们获取知识信息的学习方法在应用高科技的实践中不断变革创新,关联主义学习理论由此应运而生,成为数字时代的基本学习理念与认知方法。有必要通过以关联主义思想为理论框架,对设计学科能动适应时代发展而实现泛在学习的关联学习理念与个人知识管理策略,进行初步探讨。 相似文献
2.
Manu Kapur 《Instructional Science》2018,46(1):61-76
The goal of this paper is to isolate the preparatory effects of problem-generation from solution generation in problem-posing contexts, and their underlying mechanisms on learning from instruction. Using a randomized-controlled design, students were assigned to one of two conditions: (a) problem-posing with solution generation, where they generated problems and solutions to a novel situation, or (b) problem-posing without solution generation, where they generated only problems. All students then received instruction on a novel math concept. Findings revealed that problem-posing with solution generation prior to instruction resulted in significantly better conceptual knowledge, without any significant difference in procedural knowledge and transfer. Although solution generation prior to instruction plays a critical role in the development of conceptual understanding, which is necessary for transfer, generating problems plays an equally critical role in transfer. Implications for learning and instruction are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Yadav Alok Kumar Oyelere Solomon Sunday 《Education and Information Technologies》2021,26(3):2539-2562
This paper intends to present an overview of a mobile game-based learning application, BaghLearn that develops and upskills programming and algorithmic knowledge by cross-curricular capabilities through a traditional world-based game. The focus of this research was to explore the learning effectiveness of BaghLearn on students. Mixed method research approach was applied to collect, process and analyze the research data in which undergraduate students who had some prior knowledge or had taken algorithm courses were instructed to test the mobile game learning application. This study exhibits the idea of integrating learning with contextual mobile game as an effective approach in understanding the influence of games towards cognitive achievements of students in computing education. In addition, there are no major requirements for the use of this application (can be maintained in resource-constrained contexts such as Nepal), which makes it expressively satisfying and useful for students who are relentlessly using mobile devices. Besides, this study evaluated the influence of BaghLearn towards learning of the design and analysis of algorithm course, which is a compulsory course for most undergraduate computing education program. Furthermore, the study findings can be used as a guideline for developing learning solutions and usability evaluation of such solutions, especially for infrastructure-constrained contexts. Students using the BaghLearn opined that the application is easy to use, supportive and lead to improved learning satisfaction.
相似文献4.
Sarah J. Grigg 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2014,39(6):617-635
This study describes the development and structure of a coding scheme for analysing solutions to well-structured problems in terms of cognitive processes and problem-solving deficiencies for first-year engineering students. A task analysis approach was used to assess students’ problem solutions using the hierarchical structure from a theoretical framework from mathematics research. The coding scheme comprises 54 codes within the categories of knowledge access, knowledge generation, self-management, conceptual errors, mechanical errors, management errors, approach strategies and solution accuracy, and was demonstrated to be both dependable and credible for analysing problems typical of topics in first-year engineering courses. The problem-solving processes were evaluated in terms of time, process elements, errors committed and self-corrected errors. Therefore, problem-solving performance can be analysed in terms of both accuracy and efficiency of processing, pinpointing areas meriting further study from a cognitive perspective, and for documenting processes for research purposes. 相似文献
5.
协作知识建构是实现知识创新的重要途径,然而,在场无建构、建构无深度和深度难持续的现象是翻转课堂面临的主要挑战,原因在于学习者的经验知识匮乏、概念建构乏力和持续动力不足。为此,研究基于经验之塔理论和认知冲突理论提出了经验认知冲突探究法,它包括经验生成系统、个体认知冲突系统、集体认知冲突系统和知识建构系统。采用基于设计的研究方法,通过三轮迭代实验逐步改进了评价权重、问题设计和学习支架,最终形成了一种翻转课堂模式下的深度协作知识建构策略。研究结果表明,经验认知冲突探究法消解了以微视频为主的经验学习模式的局限性,提供了多元化经验生成方式,建立了以问题嵌入驱动个体、小组和集体认知冲突的基本方法,开发的学习支架能够促进学习者进行深度协作知识建构的连续统发展。 相似文献
6.
Philippe C. Duchastel 《Instructional Science》1990,19(6):437-444
There is strong interest in the field of instructional design in building expert systems that can provide advice to inexperienced instructional designers. This paper questions whether the expert systems model to advice-giving is in fact appropriate for a design process such as instructional design. An alternate approach based on case-based reasoning and the critic approach to advice-giving is considered to be better adapted to the cognitive needs of this task. The cognitive constraints of the task are used to orient the design of an instructional design workbench. The concept of an ID workbench illustrates the direct application of cognitive science to a complex practical task in the area of design. 相似文献
7.
The notion of design thinking is becoming more concrete nowadays, as design researchers and practitioners study the thinking processes involved in design and employ the concept of design thinking to foster better solutions to complex and ill‐defined problems. The goal of the present research is to develop a cognitive activity‐based design methodology for novice visual communication designers, which will be achieved by mapping the findings from a comparative analysis of novice and expert visual communication designers' thinking processes onto the prospective methodology. Under the proposed methodology, activity modes take place in a chronological flow under specific guidelines involving various forms of design cognition. The guidelines correlate to design phases from problem structuring to detailed design and to the cognitive processes of divergent and convergent thinking. The methodology gives open‐ended instruction to novices endeavouring to proceed with the design process, solve complex design problems and make better design decisions. This research has value for its unique approach to methodology development. Furthermore, the proposed methodology provides guidance for more effective cognitive activities during the design process and holds potential for implementation in design education due to its focus on the needs of novice designers. 相似文献
8.
WOODROW M. PARKER MICHELLE MARIE VALLEY CHARLOTTE A. GEARY 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1986,26(1):61-71
In the cross-cultural counseling literature many writers have suggested that counselors and counselor trainees should acquire knowledge about ethnic minority populations. More concrete suggestions are needed, however, regarding specific structures through which such knowledge might be gained. In this article the authors describe a multifaceted approach to acquisition of cross-cultural knowledge that is a culmination of experiences and activities the writers have used in a course titled Counseling Ethnic Minorities. This approach is based on the premise that knowledge and cultural sensitivity can be achieved through a combination of cognitive, affective, and behavioral procedures. The course includes assessment of cultural knowledge, reading ethnic literature, multicultural action planning, and small-group presentations. Students taking this course have judged the multifaceted approach to be a valuable experience for acquiring cross-cultural knowledge and for developing cross-cultural sensitivity. Most participants viewed the course as an important beginning to a lifelong process of learning. 相似文献
9.
ABSTRACTSubject ontology can help implement the structured organization of knowledge for online learners and thus plays an important role in the learning process. However, building ontologies by experts is time-consuming, and the adaptation of such ontologies to different contexts might be a problem. Crowdsourcing, which allows users to build and refine ontologies during their learning process, has exhibited potential for solving this problem. In this study, a crowdsourcing mode-based learning activity flow approach is proposed to guide the learning of online learners while promoting the generation and evolution of subject ontologies using the learners’ contributions to the learning content. This flow makes full use of the learners’ wisdom during the learning process to promote self-regulated learning as well as the generation and evolution of the ontology. Based on the proposed approach, a learning support system was developed and an experiment conducted involving a Chinese lesson on “The Liangzhou Poem”. In the experiment, student participants built 722 triples, of which 584 evolved as formal items in the subject ontology. Moreover, all learners were able to construct a well-organized knowledge graph. Students in both high- and low-scoring groups contributed valuably to the knowledge generation and evolution of the subject ontology. Furthermore, while the widths of the knowledge constructed by students in high- and low-scoring groups were similar, their depths were substantially different. During this process, the crowdsourcing-based activity flow system achieved satisfactory technique acceptance, which means that the proposed approach and system are useful for the effective generation of subject ontologies while helping learners acquire knowledge. 相似文献
10.
The paper argues for the role of an applied cognitive science perspective in education. It outlines the nature of cognitive science, and discusses the relevance and inadequacy of the brains metaphor and the computing metaphor. The concept of parallel distributed processing, bolstered by the social construction of knowledge, provides powerful frameworks for the teaching and learning of basic school subjects. 相似文献
11.
G2000's HR Execution Excellence—Retail Attendance System was one of the innovative projects to receive the ISPI Award of Excellence in 2016. It is a continuous improvement project that applies the concept of holistic human performance improvement using an ISPI human performance technology (HPT) model (ISPI, 2012) to streamline the front‐end and back‐end processes of our Retail Attendance System. As a result, it leads us to achieve one of our business goals: employment regulatory compliance. In our case, the project team was tasked with seeking solutions to ensure that the payroll process for retail staff could be performed accurately and in a timely manner. After applying the HPT model to conduct the gap analysis and identify the causes or factors that were limiting our performance, we integrated the concept of human‐centered design approach at the solution‐design phase of the project, to lead us to innovative solutions. 相似文献
12.
A critical assumption made in Kapur’s (Instr Sci 40:651–672, 2012) productive failure design is that students have the necessary prerequisite knowledge resources to generate and explore solutions to problems before learning the targeted concept. Through two quasi-experimental studies, we interrogated this assumption in the context of learning a multilevel biological concept of monohybrid inheritance. In the first study, students were either provided or not provided with prerequisite micro-level knowledge prior to the generation phase. Findings suggested that students do not necessarily have adequate prior knowledge resources, especially those at the micro-level, to generate representations and solution methods for a multilevel concept such as monohybrid inheritance. The second study examined how this prerequisite knowledge provision influenced how much students learned from the subsequent instruction. Although the prerequisite knowledge provision helped students generate and explore the biological phenomenon at the micro- and macro-levels, the provision seemingly did not confer further learning advantage to these students. Instead, they had learning gains similar to those without the provision, and further reported lower lesson engagement and greater mental effort during the subsequent instruction. 相似文献
13.
案例推理(Case-Based Reasoning,简称CBR)是一种基于经验知识进行推理的人工智能方法,是对人类认知过程的一种模拟。本文在传统欧氏距离算法的基础上结合了模糊数学的计算方法,提高了推理的效率,克服了传统的只能对确定性指标进行搜索的缺陷。 相似文献
14.
Eighth grade students in Australia (N = 60) participated in an experiment on learning how to solve percentage change problems in a regular classroom in three conditions: unitary, pictorial, and equation approaches. The procedure involved a pre-test, an acquisition phase, and a post-test. The main goal was to test the relative merits of the three approaches from a cognitive load perspective. Experimental results indicated superior performance of the equation approach over the unitary or pictorial approach especially for the complex tasks. The unitary approach required students not only to process the interaction between numerous elements within and across solution steps, but also to search for critical information, thus imposing high cognitive load. The pictorial approach did not provide a consistent approach to tackling various percentage change problems. Coupled with the need to coordinate multiple elements within and across solution steps, and the need to search for relevant information in the diagram, this approach imposed high cognitive load. By treating the prior knowledge of percentage quantity as a single unit, the equation approach required students to process two elements only. Empirical evidence and theoretical support favor the equation approach as an instructional method for learning how to solve percentage change problems for eighth graders. 相似文献
15.
神经认知语言学认为语言是个信息系统, 交际的过程即为信息的传递过程。信息系统的工作目的是传递最大的信息量, 而交际的目的是获得更多的新知识。从信息论的基本观点出发, 结合神经认知语言学的某些理论, 可以解释交际法教学中存在的问题, 并找出一些相应的对策。 相似文献
16.
According to cognitive load theory (CLT), the limitations of working memory (WM) in the learning of new tasks together with its ability to cooperate with an unlimited long-term memory (LTM) for familiar tasks enable human beings to deal effectively with complex problems and acquire highly complex knowledge and skills. With regard to WM, CLT has focused to a large extent on learning task characteristics, and to a lesser extent on learner characteristics to manage WM load and optimize learning through instructional design. With regard to LTM, explanations of human learning and cognition have mainly focused on domain-general skills, instead of domain-specific knowledge held in LTM. The contributions to this special issue provide a broader cognitive load view on the role of memory in learning and education by presenting the historical roots and conceptual development of the concept of WM, as well as the theoretical and practical implications of current debates about WM mechanisms (Cowan 2014), by presenting an updated model of cognitive load in which the physical learning environment is considered a distinct causal factor for WM load (Choi et al. 2014), by an experimental demonstration of the effects of persistent pain on the available WM resources for learning (Smith and Ayres 2014), and by using aspects of evolutionary educational psychology to argue for the primacy of domain-specific knowledge in human cognition (Tricot and Sweller 2014). 相似文献
17.
徐章韬 《江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2010,43(6):122-126
运用文本分析法,发现特级教师在深刻理解数学的基础上形成了文化取向的学科知识;课程的知识体现了数学知识的发生发展和结构特点,并考虑了学生的认知特点;学情的知识切合了学生心理发展的特点,并能以具体内容为载体推动学生心理的发展;教学的知识拟合了做数学的过程。提高教师的学科素养能促进教师对教学理论、课程编排及学生认知心理的认识;充分考察认知的文化性,也能促进教师对上述三者的认识,从而有效地发展学科教学知识。 相似文献
18.
云计算对高校信息化的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄晗 《泉州师范学院学报》2011,29(2):50-54
通过阐述云计算的概念、特点和机制,介绍云计算是一种全新的计算模型,它可以变废为宝,为广大教职工与学生提供一台＂超级计算机＂,满足教学与管理的要求.探索云计算两种技术在高校中软件硬件管理、教学资源、办公自动化等方面的应用,并提出现阶段建设＂私有云＂到最终放弃＂私有云＂的过程. 相似文献
19.
智慧教室中的教学互动实践因离身认知观的限制仍停留在传统课堂水平,将具身认知理论引入互动教学模式,实现高水平课堂教学互动。依据智慧教室中教学互动设计贯一性、内容生成性、过程动态性、内容体验性原则,重构互动教学过程,构建基于具身认知的智慧教室课堂互动教学模式。该模式将教学过程分为即时性认知、结构化反思和反思性实践3部分,形成实践中获取认知、认知中进行反思、反思中进行实践的动态循环,智慧教室则提供技术支持以促进学习者的高效互动。该模式有利于引导和帮助学习者开展高效的互动教学,促进学习者实现知识的意义建构和主体性成长。 相似文献
20.
黄青云 《周口师范学院学报》2007,24(1):147-149
文章在反思传统翻译观念与教学模式不足的基础上,以现代教育理念为理论依据,探讨英语专业翻译课程的教学新理念,并提出在翻译教学中教师应引导学生自主学习,积极主动地参与教学活动,在“译”中学习技能,体验规则,积累经验,形成能力。 相似文献