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1.
Although there is consensus that qualitative approaches to social research are distinguished from quantitative approaches by their fundamental philosophical systems, there is resistance to incorporating philosophical distinctions into graduate level research courses. Resistance may be due to the recognition that students have limited experience with, and are intimidated by, the philosophy of science. This study was conducted to examine how students interpret and process the philosophical distinctions associated with research paradigms in the hope of identifying instructional strategies that may facilitate student appreciation of the philosophical distinctions.A multiple case study was conducted with three sections of a doctoral level introduction to qualitative research course during the 1999–2000 academic year. Data for this investigation included demographic characteristics gathered from the university's student information system, and a written exercise in which students are asked to reflect upon the philosophical concepts associated with three research paradigms presented in course readings and class discussion, and to formulate their own personal philosophies of research.Findings suggest that students readily acquire a basic understanding of major philosophical concepts associated with paradigmatic distinctions, and are generally comfortable with the coexistence of multiple research paradigms. However, they have difficulty seeing the logical relationships between philosophical concepts. According to the Reflective Judgment Model [Kitchener, K. S., & King, P. M. (1990). The Reflective Judgment Model: Transforming assumptions about knowledge. In: Mezirow, J., & Associates (Eds.), Fostering critical reflection in adulthood: A guide to transformative and emancipatory learning (pp. 159–176). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.], the reasoning strategies demonstrated by these students are consistent with those of undergraduate college seniors, master's level students, and advanced level graduate students. Instructional strategies that reinforce the strengths of the strategies used at these levels and encourage the development of more advanced strategies are described. Implications of these findings show promise for preparing the “researcher-as-interpreter bricoleur” as described by Denzin and Lincoln (2000)[ Paradigms and perspectives in transition. In N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed.) (pp. 155-162). Thousand Oaks: Sage] that understands and can discuss the philosophical assumptions of all research paradigms.  相似文献   

2.
Editorial comment and summaries

English

Drs Kjöllerström and Lybeck present here a brief report of their European survey of master's and doctoral dissertations in science education, undertaken subsequently to a workshop on Research in Science Education in Europe held at Malente, FR Germany in 1976. The full report of their survey has recently been published by the Institute for Science Education (IPN), Kiel, FR Germany.

The article published here reports on the distribution, size and organization of science education research groups, their areas of research interest and higher degree programmes. It also surveys the main areas of science education research at master's and doctoral level undertaken during the period 1971‐1976, and the employment taken up by master's and doctoral students upon completion of their studies.  相似文献   

3.
This study investigates female undergraduates’ aspirations for master's and doctoral degree programs in Taiwan's universalized and stratified higher education system. It considers the potential effects of economic prospects, parental attitudes, and gender values. First, graduate education is perceived as a means to enhance one's comparative advantages in the competitive labour market. Secondly, parental expectations and women's aspirations seem to decline with education level. They are higher for a master's education and much lower for a doctoral education, implying the influence of family background and traditional gender values, despite some improvements. Finally, specialization and university ranking also substantially affect women's aspirations for graduate education.  相似文献   

4.
The costs of living and studies for postgraduate students will be paid by their mentors. Postgraduates, however, must assume more of their mentors' duties regarding scientific research. The state grants postgraduate students a monthly living allowance, but for a master's degree or doctoral student this is currently a mere 200-plus yuan. The Central China University of Science and Technology has decreed that, starting with postgraduate students enrolled this year, this sum shall be paid by the mentors. The allowance for students working toward a master's degree will increase to 270 yuan, and that for students pursuing doctorates to 350 yuan. Adding this to the research subsidies paid to postgraduates by mentors out of their research grants, it is estimated that a student studying for his or her master's degree will have between five hundred and six hundred yuan per month, and doctoral degree students between seven hundred and eight hundred yuan per month. It is estimated that this reform will result in priority development for disciplines closely concerned with economic development.  相似文献   

5.
The authors describe a national, generic directory of bachelor's, master's, and doctoral internships for human service agencies. Internships are listed for the following types of human service agencies: community mental health, mental retardation, corrections, rehabilitation, and others. Each internship listing includes, by degree level, the following information: (a) number of internship positions available, (b) availability of stipends, (c) typical intern roles and functions emphasized and percentage of time spent in each, (d) length of internship, (e) major theoretical orientations of agency staff, and (f) prerequisite training and experiences. By degree level, the number of human services internship positions listed in the directory are as follows: bachelor's, 65; master's, 246; and doctoral, 163.  相似文献   

6.
Evidence-based research relevant to social work practice has grown dramatically. This article describes a method that was implemented to teach master's and doctoral social work students how to synthesize and evaluate evidence-based interventions for social work–related problems and populations. The method includes eight steps: conceptualize the problem and define the research question(s); conduct a systematic search; define study inclusion and exclusion criteria; identify and categorize types of interventions and outcomes; rate the studies' methodological rigor; determine outcome attainment; combine outcome attainment and study rigor, and compare the evidence across studies. Two examples are presented of the implementation of this approach along with a discussion of the challenges and limitations.  相似文献   

7.
ABSTRACT

As part of an ongoing market research function, the administration at a private university's business school implemented a project to better understand the composition of its master's students. This research was an extension of a similar study conducted for the school's doctoral programs. Like the earlier study on doctoral students, a behavioral approach that employed a theoretical model of the decision process leading to enrollment was applied to master's students. This enrollment process model was utilized to guide the implementation of a survey that sampled the school's current students. Application of this model to questionnaire development procedures is also presented. Based on the information collected, the decision process leading to enrollment in the master's business programs was characterized. Quadrant analysis was applied to selected data derived from the enrollment process model in order to develop a two dimensional profile of students. In practice, this depiction provided insight to student perception of ideal versus actual program characteristics. The usefulness and applicability of the enrollment process model in achieving enrollment management objectives is also discussed.  相似文献   

8.
The focus of this paper is on student learning pathways – with particular reference to the factors motivating coursework master's students to seek entry to a doctoral programme – along with the implications for higher education policy and practice. It is argued nationally and internationally that although a number of challenges continue to confront those with responsibility for teaching and supervising coursework master's students, there are opportunities for renewal especially in terms of the provision of enhanced student support. Located within an international context of postgraduate education, a case study from Australia is provided to highlight the need for more flexible doctoral pathways at a time when calls for revitalised and expanded research workforces are intensifying.  相似文献   

9.
A survey of 521 counselor preparation programs nationwide revealed that most programs with master's or both master's and doctoral degrees have a counseling professional orientation as opposed to psychological or other orientation.  相似文献   

10.
Most of the research on supervision has focused on supervisors in academic institutions (faculty members or doctoral students). In this article the authors describe a study in which they examined supervisors in community agencies where master's level counselors were assigned for practicum and internship training. The survey suggested that agencies were heavily invested in supervising graduate level counseling students and providing them with a rich clinical experience. Respondents typically had a master's degree, used various models of supervision, and provided feedback by means of self-report and audiotape or videotape review of counseling sessions. Results suggest that these supervisors had little contact with the concurrent academic supervisor and may have had little formal training in supervision. Implications of this survey include a need for more training for supervisors in graduate counseling programs and a need for more liaison between campus and field supervisors.  相似文献   

11.
In this article, we consider different approaches to teaching research methods in gerontology across a continuum of educational program levels. Our goal is to offer a conceptual framework and stimulate productive discussion of key issues and challenges in teaching research in gerontology. It is our belief that education in gerontology should include some level of training in research methodologies across all levels of gerontology instruction. Therefore, we have sought to identify those components of research training most appropriate for each level of gerontological education. Thus, basic understanding of research methods is appropriate at the associate's degree level and introductory exposure to basic issues involved in conducting research with elders provides a necessary backdrop to undergraduate programs. More in-depth understanding of gerontological research methods, particularly those involved in applied research, is a component of quality master's level programs. Finally, in-depth knowledge and the ability to apply distinctively gerontological research methods are necessary for conducting advanced original research at the doctoral level.  相似文献   

12.

A survey of 182 employees participating in writing workshops reveals some differences in writing practices, based on the educational level of the employee, and suggests that employees with advanced degrees (e.g., master's or doctoral) vary most noticeably from the other groups. In particular, it seems that a large percentage of workers with graduate training write long reports, write to other experts in their field, and spend time revising. Additional research needs to be done on the impact of educational level on writing practices.  相似文献   

13.
The author argues in a personalized statement that exercise science graduate degree programs ought to include attention to the questions of how people develop and maintain persistent exercise habits, and how health fitness professionals can help them do so. Recommendations are made for two-tiered graduate preparation in exercise science: master's degrees that focus on preparation of health fitness professionals trained in human interaction skills as well as exercise physiological bases for conducting fitness programs, and doctoral degrees that continue to focus on preparation of researchers and faculty members trained to expand the knowledge base in exercise physiology and to prepare both the new master's and doctoral candidates though graduate education programs.  相似文献   

14.
Within counselor preparation, gatekeeping begins during the admission process. This article focuses on the prevalence of screening procedures used in master's‐ and doctoral‐level counselor educator programs (N = 79) accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. Additionally, programs' selection and matriculation processes are discussed along with implications for counselor education and supervision.  相似文献   

15.
Xinhua News Agency (Beijing, September 8) reported that Jiang Nanxiang, minister of education, gave a report on university programs to the twentieth session of the National People's Congress Standing Committee on September 7. He said that in August of this year, the Evaluation Subcommittee of the State Council Committee on Academic Degrees had approved China's first 145 units? to confer doctoral degrees in 805 specialties, and 471 units to confer master's degrees in 2,957 specialties. It also approved a list of 1,143 faculty members to supervise doctoral students.  相似文献   

16.
The author describes the process for developing a new Community College Leadership (CCL) curriculum for a certificate, master's, and doctoral degree in adult and higher education. The article details the research strategy in learning about Oklahoma's community colleges, existing national community college leadership programs, relevant courses needed for a leadership emphasis, and the desired methods to deliver such courses. The author describes the additional steps undertaken to create a relationship with Oklahoma's community colleges and their leaders. A qualitative study was conducted to learn from the community college presidents what challenges, knowledge, and skills future leaders needed to possess. The overarching theme that emerged from the study was the political nature of community colleges and leadership. This political theme placed all other themes secondary to the necessity of leaders being cognizant and skilled at being political beings. Even the theme of inadequate funding was linked to politics. The article concludes with detailed information on the new curriculum and future research and practical application.  相似文献   

17.
Success in postsecondary education requires proficiency with academic online information seeking. Navigating the internet to find information is a complicated task that is vulnerable to lapses in attention. This study examined the relationships among Canadian graduate students' self‐reported behavioral inattention symptoms, awareness and regulation of attentional focus (meta‐attention), and online academic information seeking abilities. One‐hundred and thirteen (99 female) graduate students (83 master's level, 27 doctoral level) completed an online self‐report questionnaire examining domain‐ and strategic‐experience, behavioral inattention symptoms, meta‐attention, and online information seeking ability. Results indicated that self‐reported inattention symptoms, both components of meta‐attention and domain experience each significantly predicted unique variance in online information seeking ability. Implications for research and intervention are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
On behalf of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee and the State Council, I extend warm greetings to those comrades who received their doctoral and master's degrees, and express our sincere thanks to the professors, scientists, and educators who have trained them.  相似文献   

19.
This article provides a historical overview of industrial–organizational (I‐O) psychology and its relationship to the field of performance improvement (PI). I‐O's history is initially described within the context of the broad science of psychology. Key points of intersection between I‐O and PI are identified, including the behaviorist movement and I‐O psychologist Dr. Thomas F. Gilbert. The article then briefly reviews the typical training for doctoral and master's‐level I‐O students and concludes with observations regarding the field of PI from the viewpoint of an I‐O psychologist.  相似文献   

20.
随着博士招生规模的扩大，博士生教育质量问题受到各方关注。导师作为博士生培养中最直接且关键的因素，对博士生的科研创新能力发挥着重要影响，但鲜有严谨的实证研究阐明其影响机制。基于2016年首都高校学生发展状况调查的数据，采用处理效应模型控制学生选择导师的内生性后，估计了导师对博士生科研发表的影响。研究发现，导师的学术指导显著正向影响博士生科研产出，这种影响主要通过作用于博士生科研参与实现，而导师的社会资本对博士生的科研产出存在负向影响。导师学术指导的正向影响更多体现在理工类博士生群体中，导师社会资本的影响更多体现在人文社科类博士生群体中。  相似文献   

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