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1.
世界开放教育资源运动与中国开放大学建设 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自2001年美国麻省理工学院启动开放式课件以来,开放教育资源运动已经经历了近十年的探索与实践。各国政府和高等教育院校、学界人士以及大众群体在理解、应用开放教育资源（OER）的过程中对OER所产生的促进知识共享、减少教育成本、增强创新能力、发展合作精神等核心要素有了更为深刻的认识。同时也产生了创建、发展OER,努力投身于OER运动的强大动力。在推进OER可持续发展的过程中,我们看到世界优质教育资源得以共享的美好前景和实现教育公平的有效途径。本文将回顾联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）为促进开放教育资源运动所采取的一系列行动;以国际视角观测国际组织在推进开放教育资源运动中所发挥的作用;同时基于＂超越开放教育资源社区：发展政策,并重视能力构建＂的思路,结合中国开放大学未来的建设,提出国家开放大学在搭建终身学习平台的过程中,要首先形成国内优质教育资源共享的机制,并在此基础上,发展国际合作,通过参与世界开放教育资源运动,发展构建和分享知识的核心价值。 相似文献
2.
自2001年美国麻省理工学院（MIT）对国际社会宣布推行开放课件（OCW：OpenCourseware）以来,越来越多的大学创建了开放教育资源（OER）项目,很多OER项目创立之初是受外来资金的支持,当项目周期临近或者结束的时候,大学OER是否具有长期的可持续性是很多项目也是开放教育资源运动本身发展面临的重要挑战。聚焦OER项目可持续性,主要是关注大学开放教育资源项目能否实现资金的自给自足和成本的自我补偿。美国杨百翰大学实证研究回答了三个问题：自主学习项目的课程转化为开放教育资源的成本如何？开放教育资源对付费学习项目产生怎样的影响？如果这种影响是积极的,是否足够支持在自主学习项目中维持一个开放教育资源项目？研究结果有力地说明,杨百翰大学自主学习项目转向开放共享模式后在财政上是可以实现自给的。杨百翰大学自主学习项目的OER试点课程提供了一个积极的结论,那就是开放教育资源提供机构可以实现自我的可持续发展,同时满足了向全社会免费开放课程、提供公共产品的目标。 相似文献
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开放教育资源（OER）应用在英国有许多成功案例,例如：个人使用OER的成功案例OpenLearn项目、成功合作案例LECH—e（跨科学课程的合作、TESSA（机构间的合作）、openEd2．0（开放课件之间的合作）等项目,还存在P2PU、OERu等一些特殊的组织。2012年底Futurelearn项目启动。我国应借鉴成功经验,完善OER建设,做好OER平台运营,积极拓展机构之间的各种合作关系。 相似文献
4.
袁晓蓉 《中阿科技论坛(中英文)》2023,(9):126-130
随着我国综合国力的不断增强,汉语教学与中华文化的国际传播成为世界了解中国的重要途径,对于推动和加强中国“软实力”有着重要的现实意义。为保障国际中文教育的可持续发展,建设中文教学资源共建共享平台至关重要。文章以开放教育资源（Open Educational Resources,以下简称OER）的理念为理论基础,采用文献资料法研究了国际中文教学资源现状,着重探讨OER视角下国际中文教学资源共建共享平台建设的新思路和新方法。研究结果表明：借助OER的理念和技术手段建设国际中文教学资源共建共享平台,能有效促进中文教育国际化和数字化发展,推进全球中文教师共同体的发展,提升中文教学质量,进而推动全球中文教育事业的发展。 相似文献
5.
以“开放教育资源”(OER)为主题,本文梳理了开放教育资源发展历史和分布情况,以此为入手,调查了440个上海市青年(28周岁以下)使用开放教育资源的情况,根据调查数据并结合访谈,试图了解本市青年对开放教育资源的使用现状,把握本市青年对开放教育资源的需求、评价和看法,探讨开放教育资源的普及对教育资源结构、教育公平和教育方式变革上的影响,并对开放教育资源的未来发展提出建议与展望. 相似文献
6.
开放教育资源的版权与访问许可研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
版权问题是开放教育资源（Open Educational Resources,OER）建设中面临的主要问题之一。本文分析了与数字化资源相关的版权法规对OER的约束以及几种主要开放共享许可协议的特点,归纳了四类作品（版权作品、开放共享许可访问的作品、可以舍理使用的作品以及公共领域的作品）解决OER版权问题的方法,对于OER建设具有指导意义。 相似文献
7.
MIT 开放课件在国际社会引起积极的反响与回应,欧洲与北美各国积极行动起来,亚洲各国在推进开放教育资源运动中如何发展和促进开放教育资源的共建共享,有效地应用并创建具有多元文化特征的开放教育资源,推进教育公平和终身学习目标的实现,如何在政府政策支持下采取联合行动,扫除阻碍OER开发与应用的屏障,并尝试在本国发展各类OER项目,将有助于我们思考中国OER发展的方向,并从国外OER实践探索中得到启示. 相似文献
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9.
将OER（Open Education Resource）与创建世界一流大学的目标紧密结合起来,才是中国开放教育资源发展的最佳路径。 相似文献
10.
OER典型项目的剖析研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
开放教育资源(Open Educational Resources,OER)从开放课件(Open Course Ware)发展而来,目前在国际上对OER的研究和项目建设已经有较多成功经验。本文首先阐述了OER的由来及其内涵,然后分析了五种典型的OER项目,并从中归纳OER资源服务与应用及当前OER项目的特点,最后对于我国开展OER建设提出建议。 相似文献
11.
Sanjaya Mishra 《Distance Education》2017,38(3):369-380
Enthusiasts and evangelists of open educational resources (OER) see these resources as a panacea for all of the problems of education. However, despite its promises, their adoption in educational institutions is slow. There are many barriers to the adoption of OER, and many are from within the community of OER advocates. This commentary calls for a wider discussion to remove these barriers to mainstreaming OER in teaching and learning and argues for a rethinking of the idea of ‘open’ to make it more inclusive by redefining the concept. It reminds us of the original thinking behind OER – which was to create universally available educational resources that can improve the quality of teaching and learning. This commentary posits arguments against conflating OER and open education, questions the narrow definitions of OER, and raises issues around how to be more flexible and open to mainstreaming OER and removing barriers from within the OER movement. 相似文献
12.
Open educational practices for curriculum enhancement 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Open educational resources (OER) and open educational practices (OEP) are relatively new areas in educational research. How OER and OEP can help practitioners enhance curricula is one of a number of under-researched topics. This article aims to enable practitioners to identify and implement appropriate open practices to enhance higher education curricula. To that aim, we put forward a framework of four open educational practices based on patterns of OER reuse (‘as is’ or adapted), mapped against the processes of curriculum design and delivery. The framework was developed from the in-depth analysis of 20 cases of higher education practitioners, which revealed patterns of OER reuse across disciplines, institutions and needs. For each open practice we offer evidence, examples and ideas for application by practitioners. We also put forward recommendations for institutional policies on OER and OEP. 相似文献
13.
《Distance Education》2012,33(2):135-150
The open educational resources (OER) movement is relatively new with few higher education institutions (HEIs) publishing or using them, and even fewer using them to widen engagement or participation in HE study. Although distance teaching universities have been in the vanguard of widening opportunities for HE study, they vary in how far they are doing so. Some use this informal learning through studying OER as a bridge to formal learning; others see it as an end in itself, often as part of a wider set of lifelong learning activities. Initial experiences of some European distance teaching universities indicate that OER are fine for confident and experienced learners but most people will require other support mechanisms to achieve participation. More effort may be needed to design and present OER in ways that are suited to the learners to support their learning, including developing new ways to recognize achievements through open study. 相似文献
14.
Adoption of open educational resources (OER) textbook for an introductory information systems course
Open educational resources (OER) can make educational resources widely available to all students and educators for free; however, OER are still untried in many academic programmes in higher education. This article reports a case of adoption of an open access textbook for an introductory information systems course and discusses the process and suggestions of adoption of an OER textbook based upon the authors’ own experience. The study indicates that the process of adoption of an open access textbook demands more intellectual work on the instructors’ side in comparison with the adoption of a new commercial textbook. The study suggests that discipline-based communities of practice (CoP) can ease the workload problem in the process of adopting OER textbooks. The findings are important in encouraging the OER community to shift from project-based OER textbook development to discipline-based CoP for effective OER textbook adoption. 相似文献
15.
中国自2003年以来积极开展了以精品课程为主要内容的开放教育资源运动,但随着精品课程建设规模的不断扩大和应用力度不断加强,遇到了很多或预料之中或预料之外的问题。基于大学文化与开放教育资源发展的相关性,可以从三个方面对中国开放教育资源发展进行文化审视：第一,大学的行政化管理体制消弭了大学文化的作用,开放教育资源的建设与应用成为一项行政命令与计划,大学的主动性和创造性在繁杂的申请与评价流程中逐渐消磨殆尽;第二,大学的功利主义价值观侵蚀了大学文化的内涵,开放教育资源的建设与应用成为急功近利的面子工程,缺乏持续有效的过程支持和长期规划;第三,大学的同质性发展取向扼杀了大学文化的独特性,开放教育资源的发展成为千篇一律的流水线,缺乏良好的社会影响和成本收益。由此,从大学文化角度审视中国开放教育资源发展呈现出一种应然性。 相似文献
16.
The recent developments within open educational resources (OERs) and open licensing have generated considerable interest among distance educators since open and distance learning is supposed to be the largest consumer/user of and contributor to OER. In China, given the policy of development and use of elaborate courses, conversion of radio and television universities into open universities, establishment of the China Open Resources for Education, and adoption of Creative Commons by the Chinese government, there seems to be further expansion of OER movement in the country. Against this backdrop, it was imperative to know how distance education/open university teachers use OERs and what constraints they face in doing so. This study reports a structured questionnaire and open-ended interview findings on all the 74 teachers of the Beijing Open University for four variables: awareness, needs, utilization, and constraints. The findings show that while the teachers were generally aware of OERs, they misunderstood all web resources as OER; the Chinese elaborate courses dominated the perception and use of OER; and those who used OER mainly required it for teaching content, relevant research, and for adopting teaching methods. Searching for OER, choosing appropriate OER and copyright issues were the common constraints to effective use of OER. These results have been discussed further in relation to international research studies on OER, the context of Chinese distance/open university education, and the Chinese OER policy. 相似文献
17.
Frank de Langen 《Open Learning》2013,28(3):209-222
The economic proverb ‘There is no such thing such as a free lunch’ applies also to open educational resources (OER). In recent years, several authors have used revenue models and business models to analyse the different sources of possible funding for OER. In this article the business models of Osterwalder and Chesbrough are combined with research on the motives of the participants of OER to analyse possible funding models. If the motives of governments (knowledge economy), educational institutions (efficiency, marketing), individual producers (reputation, academic interests) and users (intermediary educational products, learning) are combined, it is shown that the only long-term sustainable independent business model is based on subsidies. However, this conclusion depends both on the definition of openness (in the sense of at no cost) and on motives. More research on both aspects could alter these conclusions. 相似文献
18.
Marisa Ponti 《Learning, Media and Technology》2014,39(2):154-168
Digital media and open educational resources (OER) are said to redraw the boundaries between learners and teachers, by weakening the centralization of expertise and the distribution of subject-matter authority. This paper presents the findings of an ethnographic study of how the use of OER mediates the relations between self-directed learners and facilitators in two online open courses offered at a non-formal educational organization. Findings highlight the different role played by OER in mediating the relations between learners and facilitators in the two courses. In one course, early-stage learners encountered difficulties in repurposing OER and needed help to move to a more advanced stage of conceptual understanding. In the other course, well-read participants used OER to develop an affinity space in which the facilitator was a fellow learner. The findings suggest that OER are better viewed as artifacts-in-interaction rather than resources to be delivered as they are to learners. Although facilitators at P2PU do not play the role of academic teachers, it is argued that the influence of OER on the facilitator role can have implications for that of the academic teachers as well. 相似文献
19.
国家精品课程项目是中国高等教育领域的一项重大项目,旨在通过开放教育资源建设提升本科教学质量。西方研究者普遍认为,国家精品课程是受美国麻省理工学院开放课件项目(简称MIT OCW)启发的一种开放课程形式。本文以中国国家精品课程项目为研究主题,围绕项目的目标、运作实施、发展历程、启动背景、与MIT OCW的联系和差异等问题,采用文献研究、正式访谈、非正式交流等研究方法收集和分析研究资料,聚焦研究问题。论文提出基于开放教育资源的目的进行分类,将开放教育资源实践模式分为转变性的建设、直接使用、重新使用和公开/咨询四种类型,并利用这一分析框架讨论了中国国家精品课程项目和MIT OCW项目的异同。文章认为,国家精品课程项目是中国独立应对国内挑战的决策,而不是引进的开放课程模式;中国和北美地区对大学教学的认识非常不同,中国高等教育既借鉴了历史上法国重教学和德国重研究的大学模式,又结合了利用"榜样"、注重团队建设提升质量的传统。这使得国家精品课程项目具有独特的体制优势,与其他开放教育资源项目相区别,而且难以在北美地区执行,但这也有助于启发我们重新思考北美的大学教学及其改革。 相似文献
20.
《Distance Education》2012,33(2):283-290
This reflection examines some of the continuing and emerging issues in the open educational resources (OER) field. These include blending OER with university management structures; formal and non-formal OER; the need for sustainable OER business models; and expanding awareness, adoption, and use of OER. In the future, research will need to examine the concept of open educational practices (OEP) and OER issues relevant to faculty incentives and career advancement in the university. The author suggests there is no silver bullet solution to the “open” road ahead. Proprietary and open content will coexist in the education sector. OER are not a panacea for resolving all the range of global education issues and divides. OER are, however, a valuable resource that must be developed and sustained. OER may ultimately be the genuine equalizer for education and for empowering social inclusion in a pluralistic, multicultural, and imperfect world. 相似文献