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1.
Abstract

A major assumption underlying: the interpretation of test results to pupils is that the individual receiving: the test report will use the information wisely in making: appropriate occupational choices. This study sought to determine whether test reporting: could be used to validate this assumption by observing: the status of aspiration levels among: students who made significant increases in knowledge of their scholastic ability. A pretest-posttest control group design was employed In which 41 eleventh grade public school pupils who received test reports of their scholastic ability were compared on self-knowledge and occupational aspiration level with 30 pupils who did not receive reports of their scholastic ability. Although pupils who received test reports made significant gains In self-knowledge, there were no significant changes In occupational aspiration levels. The findings suggest that information about scholastic ability only is not sufficient to bring about changes In occupational aspiration level.  相似文献   

2.

This research project was primarily concerned with undergraduate students' attitudes and expectations of autonomous learning and their readiness for such a learning approach. The underlying assumption of the study is that students' attitudes towards and preparedness for autonomous learning will determine the level of autonomy that they could achieve in the learning process. The paper will report on the significant findings and the reflective observations which I hope will help both curriculum planners and teachers to think of ways to develop student autonomy in their specific context.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

This article analyses the lack of Information Technology (IT) competence in postgraduate students of English entering teacher training, by looking at IT provision in Scottish schools. Computers first appeared in Scottish Secondary schools between 1981 and 1983. It was considered a reasonable assumption that students entering teacher education, over a decade later, would be competent in IT. The results of this 3-year study show that this assumption was misplaced and considers possible reasons as to why the results were so disappointing. A questionnaire to graduates, who had attended school between 1987 and 1992 aimed to establish their exposure to IT in school and university and establish their confidence in using IT. The second phase of the study surveyed schools to establish whether or not the situation had changed since the policy recommendations made by Her Majesty's Inspectors (HMI) in 1987 and to consider the IT competence of English graduates who might train to be teachers in the year 2000.  相似文献   

4.
Abstract

Two groups of undergraduates helped to devise a contemporary Ten Commandments. By comparison with the original, they preferred general, positive formulations to specific, negative ones. The explanation may be the assumption that what is needed for morality are exceptionless principles, which can easily be formulated only in highly general terms, but at the cost of obscuring their implications for actual conduct. A preferable alternative might be to think in terms of rules which can be formulated more precisely, but which can also admit of exceptions.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

A group of 040 first-grade children reacted to four criterion attitude" "elected to reflect different way" teacher" may respond verbally toward a child with defective speech. They answered four questions indicating their acceptability of him. The purpose of the Investigation was to study the effect of the teacher attitudes on the children's responses. Results Indicate a significant relationship" and support the assumption that the social acceptability of speech-defective school children Is related to teacher attitudes. These children are chosen more often by their peers when the basis for selection Is friendship rather than speaking ability.  相似文献   

6.
Abstract

Piketty’s Capital has created enormous interest around the world, not least in educational circles. One reason for this may be his readiness to refer, in a book largely focused on economic history, to the ways that education has, and might, contribute to better and more equal social outcomes. This article welcomes this approach, but argues that Piketty’s suggestions remain somewhat limited due to his adherence to a more or less distributional, rather than relational, approach, and then sets out to address this issue by arguing that the assumption that it is the distribution of credentials which accounts for their contribution is mistaken. Instead, the article advances arguments which recognize the separate contributions of the content of credentials, and their valorization. The main focus of this article is thus on the different ways educational credentials are realized, which, it is argued, is a major basis for the maintenance of educational inequality.  相似文献   

7.
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8.
Abstract

The article analyses how citizenship is conceptualised in policy documents of four key international organisations. The basic assumption is that public policy has not turned away from adult learning for active citizenship, but that there are rather new ways in which international governmental organisations conceptualise and in some cases seek to operationalise active citizenship in the context of their thinking on lifelong learning. We argue that the language of citizens and citizenship continues to be an important thread in the publications of these organisations. The theoretical framework of Emile Durkheim is referred to since his work helps to explore and address the changes. The analysis of Durkheim draws attention to the crucial role of intermediary bodies which serve as a restraint on both individuals and state.  相似文献   

9.
Abstract

A 4‐year project is described which was designed to improve mathematics instruction and achievements in two Israeli junior high schools. Project activities focused on the individual teachers, the mathematics staff, and the organization of instruction at the school level, under the assumption that more efficient teaching would lead to greater pupil learning.

Evaluation data gathered from classroom observation, questionnaires and tests indicated a general positive impact: many teachers improved their teaching strategies, more curricular material was being covered in class, a school‐wide program for mathematics instruction was established, teamwork among teachers was formalized, and pupil achievements improved.  相似文献   

10.
Abstract

The academy has a reputation of resisting change; the assumption is that the faculty are unwilling to consider alterations to the tempo, pattern, texture and content of the academy. While many basic structures within the academy remain in place, there are in fact multiple surface-level changes that have impacted academe over the years. This article focuses on what academic life is about and how it is changing in the twenty-first century. The author highlights the changing nature of peer review and how early-career scholars might be best served with a thoughtful and relevant mentoring from senior scholars in order to improve their skills. The author concludes with what he sees as fundamental changes to academic life that will be forthcoming.  相似文献   

11.
Colleen Livingston 《PRIMUS》2019,29(7):677-687
Abstract

This paper describes an activity using a dog treat ball to introduce systems of first-order differential equations. Beads are placed in the first of two hemispherical chambers of a food-dispensing dog toy. As the ball is turned, students track the number of beads in the first chamber, the second chamber, and the exterior of the ball. Students develop a working assumption, write a system of differential equations to model the number of beads in each region, and use a spreadsheet to compare their experimental and model results.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

Practice domain and needs of a profession should determine development and use of research methodologies. The complexity and broad range of social work interventions require an approach to research that is more far-reaching, with greater depth, than offered by either the positivists or post-modernists. In this article, a model presents research as skills of social work practice, integrating the contentious practice research dichotomy. Acknowledging that differences in language and perceptions of practitioners and researchers create enormous challenges, a basic assumption in the model is that good practitioners conduct research in their implementation of practice. Juxtaposing practice components with research methodologies, case material illustrates the professional helping relationship as a shared conceptualization of reality, social work assessment as theory construction with need for validity and reliability, and use of triangulation to prevent drift and unplanned shifts in the intervention.  相似文献   

13.
Summaries

English

It is generally assumed that better facilities will affect the quality of education in schools, but evidence concerning this assumption is often not considered or even known. In this article, the author reviews some important studies examining the influence of facilities on science teaching. He concludes that, while the provision of good facilities may not change educational practices dramatically, they help to foster science teaching activities which involve students in a variety of stimulating activities. In general terms, the evidence reviewed in relation to science teaching is consistent with the notion that the students’ physical environment affects their study behaviour. It may be argued, therefore, that attention must be paid to the provision of good teaching facilities if active forms of learning are to be encouraged.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

This article describes activities and experiences that encourage students to construct and reconstruct knowledge of self and teaching through community building and reflective practices. Following the assumption that teacher education should focus on the human and ethical dimensions of teaching, and the conscious development of a sense of self, specifically the inner self, the author makes the claim that teaching is an act of “soul turning,” or self‐transformation. When students of teaching are given opportunities to reflect on who they are in the context of their teaching and in relationships with others, possibilities exist for the development of greater self‐understanding and awareness. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

15.
ABSTRACT

In Australia, like many western countries, there has been a convergence of education policy around a set of utilitarian and economistic approaches to vocational education and training in schools. Such approaches are based on the assumption that there is a direct relationship between national economic growth, productivity and human capital development resulting in the persuasive political argument that schools should be more closely aligned to the needs of the economy to better prepare ‘job ready’ workers. These common sense views resonate strongly in school communities where the problem of youth unemployment is most acute and students are deemed to be ‘at risk’, ‘disadvantaged’ or ‘disengaged’. This article starts from a different place by rejecting the fatalism and determinism of neoliberal ideology based on the assumption that students must simply ‘adapt’ to a precarious labour market. Whilst schools have a responsibility to prepare students for the world of work there is also a moral and political obligation to educate them extraordinarily well as democratic citizens. In conclusion, we draw on the experiences of young people themselves to identify a range of pedagogical conditions that need to be created and more widely sustained to support their career aspirations and life chances.  相似文献   

16.
ABSTRACT

This essay examines 19: The Musical—a memorial project that marks the suffrage centennial. The author employs an intersectional lens to examine the arguments this memorialization makes about a suffrage past as well as a feminist present and future. This intersectional emphasis is especially important given the prevalent present-day assumption of the suffrage movement as an entirely white women's endeavor—one that especially forgets the racism and exclusivity that riddled the suffrage movement.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to provide statistical evidence to support the assumption that adolescents have personal and social problems which affect their school achievement. 217 eighth and ninth grade students from the Shawnee Mission Public Schools, Shawnee Mission, Kansas were given the Mooney Problems Check Lists and the SRA Achievement Series in September, 1964. Coefficients of correlation were then computed between the seven areas and a composite score of the Mooney and the ten subtest scores of the SRA. The statistical analysis revealed an inverse relationship between the number of problems reported on the Mooney and the student achievement scores as reported by the SRA. The relationship was statistically significant at the .01 level of confidence.  相似文献   

18.

Administrators in the field of tertiary education frequently assume a type of rationality based on bureaucratic or political models of organisations or some combination of the two. This article will question this assumption by discussion around two broad topics ‐ loose coupling and mythology.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

The article suggests that the teacher's professional responsibility is both a moral and a social concept but that it has been little examined. It is suggested that the concept has suffered from too narrow an interpretation under role theories. One source of philosophical ideas (from Richard Niebuhr) for re‐interpreting and broadening the concept of responsibility is examined. Finally a proposal is made for a new use of the concept particularly associated with a positive assumption of responsibility by the professional teacher.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Participatory programs are increasingly recognised as effective in assisting rural communities identify issues of concern, determine their needs, and draw in resources to enact social and environmental change. A fundamental assumption of these programs is that farmer knowledge is used and valued in the process of group interaction and social learning. The role of farmer knowledge in group learning in Australia is explored in this paper using case studies of Landcare and Prograze. In both case studies, group activity focused upon building landholder knowledge and skills for sustainable pasture management. Research findings suggest farmer knowledge can remain dormant unless critical factors in group learning and development are addressed. These include experiential learning, integrating information, effective facilitation, group autonomy and building ongoing relationships and learning opportunities.  相似文献   

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