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1.
袁洋 《科技创业月刊》2015,28(2):5-7,10
测算的武汉市1996-2011年碳排放量基于14个主要碳源,包含三次产业。结果表明,自1996年以来武汉市碳排放呈现"平稳-上升-平稳-波动"的四阶段特征。并进一步运用LMDI模型从能源结构、能源效率、经济因素与人口规模四个影响因进行分析,发现能源结构、能源效率因素对武汉市碳排放量具有一定抑制作用,而经济因素与人口规模因素则对武汉市碳排放有较强推动作用。最后据此提出推进武汉市碳减排的对策建议。  相似文献   

2.
中国能源生态足迹的技术进步影响实证分析   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
邹艳芬 《资源科学》2010,32(7):1280-1288
全球生态环境的日益恶化和能源使用的巨大环境影响使能源消耗的生态占用问题受到各国的广泛关注。本文借助生态足迹分析法(EFA)的理念,计算了中国1980年-2007年的能源生态足迹,并利用非参数的DEA-Malmquist生产率方法将广义技术进步分解为科技进步、纯技术效率和规模效率3个部分,然后采用时间序列法实证分析了这3个部分和能源专有技术进步对中国能源生态足迹的作用。结果表明,技术进步确实能够降低能源生态足迹,但各因素的相对作用和作用周期有一定的差异;比较而言,广义技术进步的作用要大于能源专有技术的作用;规模效率的滞后性最明显;技术效率的相对作用较大,科技进步的贡献相对低些,但随着时间推移,技术效率的作用慢慢减弱,而科技进步的作用却逐渐稳步增强。另外,在人口、国内生产总值、能源结构和产业结构四个考察因素中,能源消费结构的消极作用最大,人口的作用次之,产业结构的积极作用再次之,经济发展的作用要小得多。  相似文献   

3.
基于Laspeyres完全分解技术测算了东部能源消费的变动并进行纵向与横向比较,结果表明:经济增长是推动区域能耗增长的主要因素,技术进步与结构调整对能源消费起到节约作用;其中,部门能源效率的提高是节能的主导因素,工业部门的结构比重与能源效率的微弱变动都会对整体节能产生很大的影响,其能源效率的提高是技术节能的主要原因;结构调整的短期节能效应并不明显,且呈阶段性变化的特征,根源在于高耗能产业投资效应与前期能源消费的提前透支及其滞后影响,产业结构效应弱化;最后给出了产业结构与能源结构优化、节能技术进步等方面的政策建议。  相似文献   

4.
论文综述了我国能源效率影响因素的国内研究文献。现有文献主要集中于研究产业结构、能源消费结构、技术进步、对外开放对能源效率的影响。关于产业结构变动的影响方向和程度还存在争论;在能源消费结构的影响方面,多数研究发现煤炭相对比重的下降有利于提高能源效率;对于技术进步和对外开放的影响,基本上也是持肯定的观点。此外,还有少数文献研究了市场经济体制、能源价格、所有制结构等因素对能源效率的影响。  相似文献   

5.
中国能源消费碳排放变化的因素分解及实证分析   总被引:76,自引:16,他引:60  
朱勤  彭希哲  陆志明  吴开亚 《资源科学》2009,31(12):2072-2079
本文综合考量经济产出规模、人口规模、产业结构、能源结构及能源效率等因素对碳排放的影响,基于扩展的Kaya恒等式建立因素分解模型,应用LMDI分解方法对能源消费碳排放进行因素分解。应用该模型对中国1980年~2007年的能源消费碳排放进行分解分析,探讨其主要影响因素的作用机理并量化其贡献率。研究结果表明,经济产出效应对我国该阶段能源消费碳排放的贡献率最大,达到152.73%,其他各影响因素按贡献率绝对值大小依次是:能源强度效应为-79.93%,人口规模效应为20.20%,产业结构效应为7.78%,能源结构效应为-0.77%。研究认为,产业结构整体变化对该阶段碳排放增长未能表现出负效应,其主要原因是产业规模占GDP近半的第二产业的碳排放呈现长期增长态势,其贡献率抵消了第一、三产业对碳排放增长的负效应。目前我国节能减排的重点在于调整产业结构、优化能源结构及提高能源效率。针对实证结果,提出了相应的节能减排政策建议。  相似文献   

6.
王维国  范丹 《资源科学》2012,34(10):1816-1824
本文将能源和非期望产出二氧化碳纳入生产率分析框架中,基于序列DEA的方向性距离函数及Malmqulist-Luenberger指数测度了1999年-2010年我国28个省、市、区及东、中、西三大区域的全要素能源效率的动态变化及其分解变量。实证结果表明:不考虑碳排放约束下的全要素能源效率被高估,而考虑碳排放约束后我国的产业结构得到了优化调整,呈现出规模效率的提升。从区域差异来看,1999年-2010年间我国三大区域全要素能源效率东部最高、中部次之、西部最低,其中西部区域其收敛速度要高于中部、及东部区域,各区域的全要素能源效率存在趋同的趋势。影响因素分析结果可知:我国2000年后经济发展与全要素能源效率指数呈现"U"型趋势;技术效应对中部,西部区域的全要素能源效率具有促进作用;产业结构的调整对中、西部区域的全要素能源效率有显著的抑制作用;对外开放度、产权所有制结构、政府支持力度对全国的全要素能源效率的有显著的促进作用,并且对中、西部的贡献比例较大。  相似文献   

7.
江苏省节能减排影响因素及其效应比较   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
王迪  聂锐 《资源科学》2010,32(7):1252-1258
文章以江苏省为考察对象,研究了经济增长、产业结构变动、能源技术进步和能源消费结构等因素对能源消费的CO2排放的影响,采用Laspeyres指数完全分解技术对江苏省6部门终端能源消费及其CO2排放的变动情况进行分解。结果显示:①经济增长的规模效应是能源消费及CO2排放逐年增长的主要原因,占68.92%;②产业结构变动的节能减排作用相对较小,且呈阶段性变化的特征,1995年-2002年间,产业结构调整起到了节能减排的作用,而其后起反向作用,其根源在于高耗能产业投资效应与前期能源投入的提前透支及其滞后影响;③高能源依赖的产业结构对能源消费与CO2排放起到推动作用,产业结构的节能减排效应弱化;④技术进步与能源消费结构的优化调整对节能减排起到了主导作用,节能减排贡献度分别达到了-15.1%、-12.3%,其中高耗能工业部门结构比重与能源效率的微弱变动都对整体节能减排产生很大的影响;⑤在产业结构调整、能源技术进步、能源结构优化和投资结构控制等方面提出相应的建议。  相似文献   

8.
甘肃省能源经济系统分析与优化策略研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
杨冕  陈兴鹏  杨福霞 《资源科学》2010,32(2):359-365
能源经济系统的优化不仅是实现区域节能减排目标的重要途径,更是社会经济可持续发展的主要内容,本文以甘肃省为研究案例,基于计量经济学方法,对其经济增长与能源消耗之间的动态关系进行了定量研究;进而运用结构分解模型,对比分析了影响单位GDP能耗的主要因素。研究结果表明:甘肃省GDP与能耗总量之间存在长期的协整关系;促进甘肃省能源强度降低的主要因素是各产业能源利用效率的提高,而产业结构变动对全省能源强度降低的贡献份额较小;对能源强度降低贡献较大的为第二产业的效率份额与结构份额,而第三产业结构份额对能源强度降低的贡献为负。文章最后从产业结构优化、关键技术推进、能源结构优化三个角度提出了甘肃省能源经济系统的优化策略。  相似文献   

9.
碳排放约束视角下的全要素能源效率及影响因素研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李强  魏巍 《软科学》2015,(4):71-74
基于1993~2011年我国29个省(市、区)的省级面板数据,对我国各省域的全要素能源效率进行测度,发现我国不同地区的能源效率存在较大差异,东部地区全要素能源效率最高、中部地区次之、西部地区能源效率最低。全要素能源效率影响因素的实证检验结果表明:产业结构和经济规模对能源效率具有显著的促进作用;随着我国经济的快速发展、第三产业比重的提高,我国能源效率将趋于下降;对外开放和交通基础设施对能源效率影响为负,"污染天堂假说"得到验证;资源禀赋对能源效率影响为负,但不显著,"资源越丰裕地区能源效率越低"命题并不稳健。  相似文献   

10.
运用基于规模报酬不变的投入导向的超效率DEA模型计算"金砖国家"2003~2010年全要素能源效率,研究表明"金砖国家"全要素能源效率整体水平不高,且各国存在显著差异。为分析技术进步、产业结构、能源消费结构等因素对"金砖国家"全要素能源效率的影响,采用Tobit模型发现"金砖国家"产业结构与能源消费结构的优化程度对全要素能源效率的影响程度均较大,而技术进步对各国全要素能源效率影响不显著。  相似文献   

11.
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China's science enterprise by making S&T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party's Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.  相似文献   

12.
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.  相似文献   

13.
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."  相似文献   

14.
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.  相似文献   

15.
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.  相似文献   

16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.  相似文献   

17.
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.  相似文献   

18.
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.  相似文献   

19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.  相似文献   

20.
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states (Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403).  相似文献   

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