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1.
纤维素降解过程中金属离子作用的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用微量量热法研究了7种金属离子及几种混合离子对纤维素酶降解纤维素反应的影响.实验结果表明,在pH=4.60,T=310K时,相同浓度的离子中Li+、Na+、K+、Ni2+、Zn2+、Co2+离子均表现出抑制作用,其中Li+抑制作用显著;Cu2+有明显的激活作用.当Li+、Na+、K+3种离子混合共同作用于反应时,表现出激活作用;当Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+3种离子,Co2+、Ni2+2种离子混合共同作用于反应时,表现出抑制作用. 相似文献
2.
Imprinted polymers were prepared for selective removal of Cu(II) ions from metal solutions. Three ion-imprinted polymers were synthesized with methacrylic acid (MAA), acrylamide (AA) and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) respectively as the functional monomers, ethleneglycoldimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linking agent, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator and Cu (II) ion as the imprint ion. The template Cu (II) ion was removed from the polymer by leaching with a liquid of a 1:1 volumetric ratio of HCl to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The capacity and selectivity of Cu(II) ion adsorption were investigated with the three imprinted polymers and their non-imprinted counterparts. The polymers have a maximum adsorption capacity at pH 7.0. The isotherm of their batch adsorption of Cu(II) ions shows a Langmuir adsorption pattern. Imprinted polymers all have a much higher capacity and higher selectivity of Cu(II) adsorption than non-imprinted ones. MAA polymer benefits the most from imprinting. Imprinted MAA polymer has the highest selectivity when used to rebind Cu (II) ion from an aqueous solution in the presence of other metal ions. Ion imprinting can be a promising technique of preparing selective adsorbents to separate and preconcentrate metal in a medium of multiple competitive metal ions through solid phase extraction (SPE). 相似文献
3.
Imprinted polymers were prepared for selective removal of Cu（Ⅱ） ions from metal solutions. Three ion-imprinted polymers were synthesized with methacrylic acid （MAA）, acrylamide （AA） and N,N＇-methylenebisacrylamide （MBAA） respectively as the functional monomers, ethleneglycoldimethacrylate （EGDMA） as the cross-linking agent, 2,2＇- azobisisobutyronitrile （AIBN） as the initiator and Cu （Ⅱ） ion as the imprint ion. The template Cu （Ⅱ） ion was removed from the polymer by leaching with a liquid of a 1：1 volumetric ratio of HCl to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid （EDTA）. The capacity and selectivity of Cu（Ⅱ） ion adsorption were investigated with the three imprinted polymers and their non-imprinted counterparts. The polymers have a maximum adsorption capacity at pH 7.0. The isotherm of their batch adsorption of Cu（Ⅱ） ions shows a Langmuir adsorption pattern. Imprinted polymers all have a much higher capacity and higher selectivity of Cu（Ⅱ） adsorption than nonimprinted ones. MAA polymer benefits the most from imprinting. Imprinted MAA polymer has the highest selectivity when used to rebind Cu （Ⅱ） ion from an aqueous solution in the presence of other metal ions. Ion imprinting can be a promising technique of preparing selective adsorbents to separate and preconcentrate metal in a medium of multiple competitive metal ions through solid phase extraction （SPE）. 相似文献
4.
张景煌 《闽西职业技术学院学报》2011,13(2):115-120
采用化学还原的方法制备石墨烯氧化物,并将其负载在聚吡咯上,通过XRD、SEM、TEM、Raman、TGA等手段表征其结构。将其应用于系列金属离子水溶液的吸附试验,发现其对Hg2+具有很好的吸附选择性和吸附量,并且该石墨烯氧化物材料在经过酸处理后还能循环利用,这为含Hg2+废水的处理提供了一种潜在的方法。 相似文献
5.
合成了大孔交联聚(N-对乙烯基苄基己内酰胺)和大孔交联聚(N-对乙烯基苄基脲)两种酰胺基树脂.测定了这两种树脂对水溶液中鞣酸的吸附等温线,发现所有的吸附等温线都符合Freundlich吸附等温方程,相关系数大于0.99;同时,聚(N-对乙烯基苄基脲)对水溶液中鞣酸的吸附亲和性相对聚(N-对乙烯基苄基己内酰胺)更大.根据热力学函数关系计算了等量吸附焓、Gibbs吸附自由能和吸附熵.表明两种酰胺基树脂对水溶液中鞣酸的吸附均为吸热的、物理吸附过程;同时,聚(N-对乙烯基苄基脲)对水溶液中鞣酸的吸附相对聚(N-对乙烯基苄基己内酰胺)有更低的吸附焓变、吸附自由能变和吸附熵变. 相似文献
6.
文中利用啤酒酵母去除模拟废水中Zn2+、Mn2、Cu2+,通过对预处理试剂、吸附温度、吸附液pH值与浸泡时间等因素进行正交分析,确定了影响吸附的主要因素是酸度和预处理试剂.研究pH值、离子初始浓度、吸附时间、离子强度等条件对吸附率的影响,结果表明,用NaOH浸泡后2h,在pH=5~6时吸附效果最好.用吸附等温线Langmuir(exe)、Freundlich和Temkin方程拟合,相关性都比较好.用不同的吸附动力学方程描述啤酒酵母吸附金属离子的最优模型为Elovich方程. 相似文献
7.
A series of Li_(1-x)Na_xV_3O_8 materials was prepared by solution reaction followed by calcination method and their electrochemical performances in 2 M Li_2SO_4-water-ethanol solution as negative electrodes for aqueous electrolyte lithium ion battery were studied and compared each other.X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that partially substituting sodium for lithium in LiV_3O_8 could increase the interlayer distances of (100) plane.Cyclic voltammetric experiments have demonstrated that the Li~ insertion and extraction kinetics of Li_(0.7)Na_(0.3)V_3O_8 is superior to that of LiV_3O_8.Charge/discharge results showed that the discharge specific capacity of Li_(0.7)Na_(0.3)V_3O_8 electrode is higher than that of LiV_3O_8 electrode. 相似文献
8.
采用共沉淀法和水热法分别制备了铁、钒和银、碳的双组分共掺杂改性TiO2吸附剂Fe-V-TiO2和Ag-C-TiO2,并分别以亚甲基蓝和活性艳红X-3B为目标物来评价吸附剂的活性;采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM等现代手段对吸附剂的理化性能进行详细表征.结果表明,成功制备了Fe-V-TiO2和Ag-C-TiO2纳米高效吸附剂,其吸附具有一定的选择性;吸附处理30 min,前者对100 ppm亚甲基蓝的脱色率达95.86%,后者对50 ppm活性艳红X-3B的脱色率达92.06%. 相似文献
9.
To predict the economic loss of crops caused by acid rain, we used partial least squares （PLS） regression to build a model of single dependent variable - the economic loss calculated with the decrease in yield related to the pH value and levels of Ca^2＋, NH4^＋, Na^＋, K^＋, Mg^2＋, SO4^2-, NO3^-, and Cl^- in acid rain. We selected vegetables which were sensitive to acid rain as the sample crops, and collected 12 groups of data, of which 8 groups were used for modeling and 4 groups for testing. Using the cross validation method to evaluate the performace of this prediction model indicates that the optimum number of principal components was 3, determined by the minimum of prediction residual error sum of squares, and the prediction error of the regression equation ranges from -2.25% to 4.32%. The model predicted that the economic loss of vegetables from acid rain is negatively corrrelated to pH and the concentrations of NH4^＋, SO4^2-, NO3^-, and Cl^- in the rain, and positively correlated to the concentrations of Ca^2＋, Na^＋, K^＋ and Mg^2＋. The precision of the model may be improved if the non-linearity of original data is addressed. 相似文献
10.
用ρPb2＋和ρCd2＋分别为25.0,50,0,100.0,200.0,400.0mg/L的溶液及二者的混合溶液对蚯蚓进行急性毒性实验,经2,4,6,8,10,12d染毒处理后,用原子吸收分光光度计测定镉、铅在蚯蚓体内的富集量.结果表明：在实验剂量范围内,镉、铅的富集量随染毒时间的延长而增加,随着浓度的增大而增加,呈剂量效应变化.不同浓度的镉、铅胁迫下,蚯蚓对镉或铅富集的量与富集速率各不相同.蚯蚓对铅的富集量远远大于镉.表明蚯蚓可用于环境重金属污染监测和净化环境重金属污染. 相似文献
11.
使用水热法合成了NaGd(WO4)2:Yb3+,Er3+,Tm3+荧光粉,借助PMMA胶体模板自组装法制备了三维反蛋白石光子晶体,并表征了样品的表面形貌和结构特征。样品具有四方晶系NaGd(WO4)2的晶格结构,电子显微镜观察到规则排布的微球蛋白石模板和退火之后形成的正六边形空腔结构。光谱测试发现,在反蛋白石光子晶体微孔直径185 nm左右时,得到了相对最强的发光增强效果;实验样品中光子带隙的存在显著增强了蓝光发光而抑制了红光发光,导致光子晶体样品整体发光从荧光粉的暖白光转变为偏绿色。对比荧光粉样品,反蛋白石光子晶体样品中Er3+离子4S3/2→4 I15/2的发光寿命显著增加,但光子带隙的变化对寿命影响不大。与参考样品相比,反蛋白石光子晶体样品对温度淬灭现象具有显著的抑制作用。 相似文献
12.
本文研究了冠醚化分物2,3,4,5—二(1’,2’—苯)—9.15—二对甲苯磺酰基—9.15—二氮杂—1.6,12,—三氧杂环十七—2.4—二烯(M)在电子轰击下分子裂解方式。在电子轰击下,大环(M)上所连的对甲苯磺酰基以及环上的键发生断裂产生亚稳离子,推导了m/z593,495,439,341,212,198,181,168等的亚稳态离子的结构。 相似文献
13.
在硫酸介质中,Fe3+定量的为金属钢还原为Fe2+,再继续用氧化剂（K2Cr2O7或Ce（SO4）2等）标准溶液进行自动电位滴定,方法简便、快速,所得结果与经典方法吻合较好．本文对铁红粉、铁矿标样、磁铁矿标样等进行了对比测定,结果均较满意． 相似文献
14.
研究用可见分光光度法测定磷酸亚铁锂复合碳中的总磷，发现锂声子和亚铁离子不干扰磷的测定。实测了磷酸亚铁锂复合碳样品，发现其中总磷含量和理论值接近，该方法简单、准确、易操作。 相似文献
15.
腐殖酸对钴、镉作用的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文采用碱溶酸沉法提取土壤中的腐殖酸,研究对Co2+、Cd2+的吸附作用机理.结果表明:最佳pH范围为6～7,吸附过程属于放热过程.用该种腐殖酸样品吸附Co2+服从Langmuir和Freudlich吸附等温模型,19℃、35℃、45℃的饱和吸附量为12.51、9.52、8.30mg/g;吸附Cd2+在19℃、35℃时服从Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型,饱和吸附量为33.90、33.43mg/g,但在45℃时主要服从Freundlich吸附等温模型.腐殖酸对Co2+、Cd2+的吸附是通过两级络合反应形成配合物的方式结合. 相似文献
16.
磷酸亚铁锂复合碳正极材料中锂、铁的测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究用原子吸收分光光度法测定磷酸亚铁锂复合碳材料中的锂,铁。结果表明,在稀硝酸分散介质中,应用拟定的方法测定磷酸亚铁锂复合碳样品,发现其中锂、铁的含量和理论值接近,可用于磷酸亚铁锂复合碳材料中锂,铁的测定。 相似文献
17.
以β-环糊精(β-CD)为单体,对硝基甲苯为模型分子,环氧氯丙烷(ECH)为交联剂,用反相乳液法合成了聚合物微球,经索氏提取器洗脱掉对硝基甲苯后制得分子印迹β-环糊精聚合物微球(MI-β-CDPMs)。利用静态吸附方法对MI-β-CDPMs的吸附性能和Scatchard曲线分析进行研究,结果表明:球状MI-β-CDPMs对水溶液中的对硝基甲苯分子有高负载量和高效识别性;高亲和位点的解离常数为Kd1=12.4069mmol/L,最大表观结合量Qmax1=3.5794mmol/g,低亲和位点的解离常数为Kd2=55.096mmol/L,最大表观结合量Qmax2=10.8893mmol/g。 相似文献
18.
研究了溴化十六烷基吡啶存在下硫酸铵—碘化钾—结晶紫体系浮选分离铋的行为及其与常见离子分离的条件.结果表明,在O.5mL溴化十六烷基吡啶(10g/L)存在下,当固体(NH_4)_2SO_4、碘化钾溶液(0.1mol/L)和结晶紫溶液(0.001mol/L)的用量分别为1.0g、1.0mL、1. 0mL时,控制pH值为7.0,Bi~(3+)可被该体系浮选,而常见离子Zn~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Al~(3+)不被浮选,据此实现了Bi~(3+)与这些离子的定量分离,对合成水样进行了定量浮选分离测定,结果满意。 相似文献
19.
In order to separate ZSM-5 zeolite powders from solution easily, a series of magnetic ZSM-5 zeolites were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis with the addition of magnetic Fe3O4 panicles during the crystalline process. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, infrared （IR） spectrum, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX）, specific surface area, magnetic susceptibility and adsorption capability. It was found that the magnetic ZSM-5 zeolites had good magnetism and the magnetic susceptibility increased with the increasing amount of Fe3O4 panicles. Compared with the pure ZSM-5 zeolite, the adsorption capability of magnetic ZSM-5 zeolites was acceptable. When the magnetic zeolites were used to adsorb Pb^2＋ from solution, the magnetic zeolite powder could be conveniently separated with magnetic separation technology. 相似文献
20.
以天然硅藻土为模板,糠醇为碳源,通过模板法能制备了多孔炭材料.N2吸附研究表明,此多孔炭的比表面积为542m2/g,中孔率可达54.7%,是一种既有微孔,同时也富含中大孔的多孔材料. 相似文献