共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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研究采用实验及统计分析法，对山西大学体育学院2002级100名男生的简单反应时分别进行10次测量，使Excel-2000软件单因素方差分析法对测量结果的可靠性进行统计分析和比较研究。在研究中，将测量次数定为10次，是为了达到简化测量方法的目的。结果表明：测量结果的取值方法不同，反应时的可靠性有显著差异。取平均值时，红光、绿光、声音分别测量10次，并且在剔除3个最大值和3个最小值后，可靠性都达到0．93以上。这种取值方法，既可以保持经济性，同时也可以保证较高听可靠性。它与目前国民体质监测工作特点是相符的。 相似文献
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体育测量中确定测量次数的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
体育测量中,通过增加重复测量次数可减小随机误差,达到提高测量的可靠性。但测量次数的增加,进行测量所付出的代价也会加大,特别是体育测量中还要考虑受试者的生理、心理承受能力及测量客观条件等因素。正确的确定所需测量次数,是进行体育测量首先要解决的实际问题。笔者对确定合适的体育测量次数进行分析和探讨。 相似文献
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目的:对正常青年人步态的时空及运动学参数进行可靠性分析,确定步态参数的最佳测试次数,为步态测试次数的标准化提供依据.方法:利用三维运动捕捉系统采集35例正常青年人的步态时空及运动学参数;利用组内相关系数(ICC)对步态参数进行可靠性分析.结果:重复测试4次,正常青年人时空各参数的ICC值均达到0.9以上;重复测试6次,正常青年人运动学各参数的ICC值均达到0.9以上.结论:1)正常青年人每次测试取一个步态周期、重复测试4次能使时空参数达到较高的可靠性;2)同样条件下,正常青年人需要重复测试6次能使运动学参数达到较高的可靠性;3)正常青年人的时空参数的可靠性高于运动学参数. 相似文献
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采用实验法及数理统计分析法，对431名大学生的感知跳跃进行多次测量，用单因素方差分析法对测量数据的可靠性进行统计分析。结果表明，性别、测量次数和取值方法是影响测量可靠性的因素。建议在运动员选材、机能评定以及全民健身体质测评工作中推广应用文章中的两种方法。 相似文献
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测量的可靠性是评价测量质量的重要指标。一般认为测量的可靠性代表测量结果的准确性，这显然是一种误解，尤其是目前应用较多的几种可靠性估价方法似乎无法对可靠性作出正确的估价。为此，对于可靠性及其估价方法应重新加以审视和评析，以期重新认识并有所改善。通过分析和示例结果，可以得出如下结论：测量的可靠性不能完全表达测量结果的准确度；在可靠性定义中一致性不能由相关或相似性替代；在进行差异分析时，应注意重复测量结果的关联属性，并推荐使用非参数检验方法；可靠性分析不能替代误差分析与处理等其他方法。 相似文献
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简单反应时测量方法的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运动员的反应速度与运动成绩密切相关，简单反应是各种复杂反应的基础，能反映其潜在能力。因此，简单反应时是诸多运动项目运动员选材的一项重要心理指标。实践中发现用目前的测量方法进行测量，误差很大。通过每班４０人，３组共１２０人分别进行测试次数、测试时间和刺激强度等的实验，并以１０名对象进行验证，综合其它有关研究成果得出：测试时应严格控制激强度；被试在测试前应有一个视、听适应过程；初步确定测试以５０次为宜。并提出了在目前条件下更准确地进行简单反应时测量的测试与评价方法。 相似文献
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确定简单反应时标准观测值方法的实验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
简单反应时的测量在运动员选材等领域有着广泛的应用，传统确定简单反应时标准观测值的方法缺乏科学性。通过有关文献资料和书籍的查阅和实验研究提出新方法，即去除单个观测值，对重复出现测量值进行加权平均，其方法具有理论根据，符合客观事实且具有科学性．为进一步对有关反应时的研究提供基础性工作。 相似文献
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(三)移动速度和动作速度的评价在评价速度时,带球速度、“起动”速度和反应速度是很重要的。运动员对简单刺激物和复杂刺激物的反应速度,可以用各种构造的反应计来测量。在预测运动能力时,要注意到这些测量的结果。但在足球运动选材时,仍然必须获得对简单刺激物进行反应的特殊动作速度的资料(例如,守门员扑球动作)。作者对20余名身高基本相等(168～171厘米)的13～14岁的守门员进行的研究证明在解决比赛任务吋,守门员刺激物的反应是一种整体的特殊的动作速度,而不是如用手和脚接触电钮这种局部的动作速度。假如用动作的反应时间 相似文献
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Blanksby B Nicholson L Elliott B 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2002,1(1):11-24
This study examined the grab, track and handle swimming racing starts by elitelevel swimmers. Videography was used to analyse these starts before and after a period of dive start practice. Participants underwent 2-4 sessions weekly until 14 +/- 2 practice sessions were completed. Practice sessions comprised 5 grab starts (preferred technique) and 10 handle starts; or 5 grab starts and 10 track starts. The performance criterion measure was time to 10 m. Reaction, movement, block and flight times, flight distance, and the centre of mass at the set position were measured. No significant differences between dive groups in time to 10 m were revealed pre- or post-training. The training period further exaggerated the differences in centre of mass positions in the set position between the three techniques. The handle start revealed a significant change forward in the centre of mass that allowed for decreased movement and block times. The training period improved 10 m, reaction, movement, block and flight times irrespective of the technique used. Hence, regular dive start practice significantly improved the start performances of elite swimmers. Coaches should consider including regular dive practice sessions of approximately 15 minutes to improve dive start performances. 相似文献
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Daniele Conte Mitchell Robert Smith Fabrizio Santolamazza Terence Girard Favero Antonio Tessitore Aaron Coutts 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(11):1205-1211
This study aimed to assess the reliability, usefulness and construct validity of the newly developed Combined Basketball Skill Test (CBST). Fifteen recreational (age = 22.8 ± 4.2 y, stature = 184.8 ± 6.5 cm, body mass = 81.6 ± 9.6 kg, training experience = 9.8 ± 5.3 y) and fifteen semiprofessional (age = 18.9 ± 3.3 y, stature = 190.5 ± 8.1 cm, body mass = 84.2 ± 11.2 kg, training experience = 11.1 ± 3.5 y) players volunteered to participate in this study. Test–retest reliability and usefulness were examined for recreational players, while construct validity was evaluated comparing the two player groups. The CBST is composed of 12 trials and its outcome measures include: completion time (sum of the 12 trial times); penalty time (sum of the times from the 12 trials); performance time (completion time + penalty time) and total number of errors. Relative reliability analysis showed acceptable ICC values (i.e. ≥0.70) in all the studied variables. Absolute reliability analysis showed a CV < 5% for completion (1.6%) and performance (2.0%) time, while a CV >5% is reported for the remaining variables. The usefulness of the test was considered “Marginal” and “Good” when comparing TE values with SWC02 and SWC05, respectively for all the studied variables. Likely and very likely differences were shown between recreational and semiprofessional players in all investigated variables. Results showed that the CBST is reliable, useful to detect moderate changes and valid to assess basketball skills. 相似文献
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This paper describes an experiment which examined the effects of anxiety on choice reaction time and movement time. A balanced repeated measures design was adopted in which eight female subjects performed a six-choice visual reaction task in 'no anxiety' and 'anxiety' conditions. The anxiety condition required subjects to jump from a balcony 15 feet (4.57 m) into a foam-filled pit below. Subjects in the anxiety condition demonstrated significantly higher levels of cognitive anxiety and longer reaction times than those in the no anxiety condition. The analysis of the reaction time data also revealed a significant interaction between anxiety and block. No significant effects emerged in the case of movement time. 相似文献
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选取我国重点城市U13足球比赛的15支队伍中的206名男子运动员作为研究对象,对其神经类型和反应时进行了测定和分析,结果表明:参加我国重点城市U13足球比赛的运动员中有50％的运动员为优秀神经类型,适合于从事体育运动;13岁组和训练年限较多组中的优秀神经类型所占的比例较大,说明随着年龄的成熟和训练的深入,神经过程会得到优化;不同年龄、训练年限、神经类型的个体在反应时上无差异,选择反应时短的运动员并不能反映其具有较优秀的神经类型. 相似文献
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This paper describes an experiment which examined the effects of anxiety on choice reaction time and movement time. A balanced repeated measures design was adopted in which eight female subjects performed a six‐choice visual reaction task in ‘no anxiety’ and ‘anxiety’ conditions. The anxiety condition required subjects to jump from a balcony 15 feet (4.57 m) into a foam‐filled pit below. Subjects in the anxiety condition demonstrated significantly higher levels of cognitive anxiety and longer reaction times than those in the no anxiety condition. The analysis of the reaction time data also revealed a significant interaction between anxiety and block. No significant effects emerged in the case of movement time. 相似文献
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The simple auditory reaction time is one of the fastest reaction times and is thought to be rarely less than 100 ms. The current false start criterion in a sprint used by the International Association of Athletics Federations is based on this assumed auditory reaction time of 100 ms. However, there is evidence, both anecdotal and from reflex research, that simple auditory reaction times of less than 100 ms can be achieved. Reaction time in nine athletes performing sprint starts in four conditions was measured using starting blocks instrumented with piezoelectric force transducers in each footplate that were synchronized with the starting signal. Only three conditions were used to calculate reaction times. The pre-motor and pseudo-motor time for two athletes were also measured across 13 muscles using surface electromyography (EMG) synchronized with the rest of the system. Five of the athletes had mean reaction times of less than 100 ms in at least one condition and 20% of all starts in the first two conditions had a reaction time of less than 100 ms. The results demonstrate that the neuromuscular-physiological component of simple auditory reaction times can be under 85 ms and that EMG latencies can be under 60 ms. 相似文献
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Franz Konstantin Fuss 《Sports Engineering》2009,12(1):41-53
Reducing the mass of a racing wheelchair improves the winning time even for relatively small mass reductions over short distances
(100 m). In this study, the improvement of speed and winning time on mass reduction was modelled mathematically, the speed
profiles of 100 m wheelchair races as well as the rolling resistance and drag area of the athlete–wheelchair system was determined
experimentally, and the improvement of the winning time through mass reduction was calculated from the mathematical model
and experimental data. For winning times of 30 s, the relative improvement of the winning time is at least equal to the relative
reduction of mass. For winning times of 15 s, the relative improvement of the winning time is at least half the relative reduction
of mass. A reduction by 1 kg results in an overall improvement of the winning time of about 1–2.3% for winning times of 15–30 s
(100-m race). In absolute terms, a mass saving of 1 and 5 kg on a 60-kg system would reduce a 15-s winning time for the 100 m
by 0.132 and 0.66 s, respectively, and a 30-s winning time by 0.63 and 2.86 s, respectively. The mass of a wheelchair is the
most important parameter for improving the winning time. The influence of the mass on the winning time is 4 or 1.5 times greater
than the influence of the rolling friction coefficient, and 4 or 5.5 times greater than the influence of the drag area in
a 15 or 30-s race, respectively. These principles should be considered when designing a racing wheelchair. 相似文献
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Accelerometer-based systems are often used to quantify human movement. This study’s aim was to assess the reliability and validity of the Myotest® accelerometer-based system for measuring running stride kinematics. Twenty habitual runners ran two 60 m trials at 12, 15, 18 and 21 km·h?1. Contact time, aerial time and step frequency parameters from six consecutive running steps of each trial were extracted using Myotest® data. Between-trial reproducibility of measures was determined by comparing kinematic parameters from the two runs performed at the same speed. Myotest® measures were compared against photocell-based (Optojump Next®) and high-frequency video data to establish concurrent validity. The Myotest®-derived parameters were highly reproducible between trials at all running speeds (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.886 to 0.974). Compared to the photo-cell and high-speed video-based measures, the mean contact times from the Myotest® were 34% shorter and aerial times were 64% longer. Only step frequency was comparable between systems and demonstrated high between-system correlation (ICC ≥ 0.857). The Myotest® is a practical portable device that is reliable for measuring contact time, aerial time and step frequency during running. In terms of validity, it provides accurate step frequency measures but underestimates contact time and overestimates aerial time compared to photocell- and optical-based systems. 相似文献
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Yusuke Ikeda Hiroshi Ichikawa Rio Nara Yasuhiro Baba Yoshimitsu Shimoyama 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(2):189-195
The purpose of this study was to determine the installation of the backstroke start device reduces 15-m time. Thirteen college swimmers participated in this study. The aerial start and underwater motions were recorded with two digital video cameras. The center of mass (CM) of the swimmer, angular displacements and velocities of the shoulder, hip and knee joints were calculated. As an indicator of performance, the 5- and 15-m times were measured. The 5- and 15-m times in the backstroke start device condition were significantly shorter than in the non-backstroke start device condition. The vertical velocities of the CM at hand-off and toe-off in the backstroke start device condition were significantly greater than in the non-backstroke start device condition, while there was no significant difference in the CM horizontal velocity at toe-off. As a result, the height of the great trochanter at entry of the fingertips, with the backstroke start device, was 15 cm higher than in the non-backstroke start device condition. In addition, the CM horizontal velocities at 5 m in the backstroke start device condition were significantly greater than those of the non-backstroke start device. Thus, the use of the backstroke start device may reduce the 15-m time by diminution of the entry area. 相似文献