共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Yuping Tsai 《Economics of Education Review》2010,29(4):606-617
Studies examining the wage effect of overeducation have generated very consistent results. Their findings suggest that, for workers with similar educational attainment, workers who are overeducated for the job suffer from significant wage penalties. However, most studies use cross-sectional data, implicitly assuming that workers are randomly assigned to being overeducated. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the period 1979–2005, this study conducts a panel analysis to account for time-constant individual characteristics. It uses a numerical approach to provide the wage effects in the presence of non-classical measurement error in the educational mismatch variables. The results provide evidence that overeducated status does not cause lower earnings. Instead, the significant wage differential found in previous studies is simply a result of ignoring the non-random assignment of workers to jobs. 相似文献
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Aashish Mehta Jesus Felipe Pilipinas Quising Sheila Camingue 《Economics of Education Review》2011,30(6):1334-1347
A worker is said to be overeducated if he/she has acquired more education than is required to perform his/her job. In the absence of data measuring the number of years of schooling required to perform particular jobs, we propose a new approach to testing for overeducation. Overeducation is confirmed if we observe that education levels rose in jobs that offer very low returns to education and that underwent little technological change. Using labor force surveys from four developing countries, we find evidence of overeducation in unskilled jobs in the Philippines, mild evidence in Mexico, and little evidence in India and Thailand. We show that a job's mean and modal years of schooling are poor proxies for required education. We also show that overeducation sometimes increases within unskilled jobs, even while a growing share of educated workers enter skilled jobs. This may be because the quality of education segments the labor market. 相似文献
4.
This paper examines the incidence and determinants of overeducation in the Belgian private sector. Two different approaches are used to define overeducation by means of data on characteristics of employees and employers. Using the 1995 Structure of Earnings Survey, between 22% and 24% of the workforce is found to be overeducated. Results support the idea that employers view labour market experience as a substitute for formal education. They also show that male workers and people employed in state‐owned firms are less affected by overeducation. Further results suggest that the size of the establishment has a very weak (negative) impact on overeducation. 相似文献
5.
Russell W. Rumberger 《Economics of Education Review》1981,1(3):293-314
Research is reported that examines changes between 1960 and 1976 in the incidence of overeducation, defined as the discrepancy between the educational attainments of workers and the educational requirements of their jobs. Estimates are derived at the aggregate level and separately for race and sex groups. Results suggest that the overall incidence of overeducation has increased in recent times because the skill requirements of jobs have changed only slightly, while the educational attainments of workers have increased substantially. Whites continue to be less overeducated than blacks, but the gap has narrowed. 相似文献
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This paper attempts to measure the effect of non-formal training on the employment and earnings of Peruvian male and female workers. The main findings are: (i) workers with limited educational attainment face limited training opportunities; (ii) training significantly improves the employment probabilities, but not the earnings, of private-sector employed or self-employed women; (iii) while training does not affect the employment probabilities of men, it affects significantly wage gains of those employed in the private sector and; (iv) regardless of gender, training does not increase the earnings of self-employed workers. 相似文献
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随着我国高等教育的扩展，越来越多受过高等教育的劳动力涌入市场，他们就业难的问题也随之突显。毕业生失业率不断上升，与此同时，很多受教育从事了与自己教育水平不匹配的工作。他们的教育技能得不到充分发挥，受教育的经济地位相对于以前有所下降。我国是否发生了过度教育?本由此对三个不同类型的企业进行经验研究，研究结果表明，这些企业不同程度地发生了过度教育，过度教育工人的收入受到了损失。 相似文献
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WU Xiangrong 《Frontiers of Education in China》2007,2(1):123
The paper estimates the returns to overeducation by the Over-Required and Undereducation (ORU) model. The estimated results indicate that the returns to overeducation are positive, but lower than the returns to required education, which suggests that while overeducated employees’ earnings are diminished, they still can benefit from it. The paper also attempts to estimate the returns to overeducation by occupations, industries and regions. The result shows that in the field where educational level has much to do with the skills required by employers, education-job match has a greater effect on one’s earnings, such as professionals and skilled persons. On the contrary, education-job mismatch has little effect on one’s earnings, such as non-skilled employees, administrative and clerical employees. In addition, the returns to overeducation are lower or insignificant for those working in competitive but lower paid industries and areas. Conversely, the returns to overeducation are higher for those working in the highly monopolized and highly paid industry and area. It can be argued that regardless of the incidence of overeducation, those with higher level of education prefer to choose the lower level of job in these industries and areas. 相似文献
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This paper analyses the impact of academic achievement on future salaries by looking into the grade point average (GPA)-earnings relationship for graduates of a leading Russian university. The study is based on pooled cross-sectional graduate survey data for 2014–2015. The issue of how student academic achievement impacts future labour market rewards is analysed through academic, demographic and labour market factors. We found that there is a significant positive impact of GPA on salaries of BA graduates (9–12% wage premium for an additional GPA point) and an insignificant or negative impact for MA programmes graduates. The study depicts that this negative effect can be partially explained by employment sector-specific variables. Among the main factors which positively affect earnings of graduates is work experience. Graduates who combined study and work achieve a 30% wage premium. However, there is no evidence that combining study and work affects student academic achievement, even for those who combined studies with full-time job. Despite the higher GPA of female students, male graduates’ earnings are 18% higher. Gender wage differences can be explained by gender distribution by the sector of employment: the over-representation of women in the low-paid education and science sectors and their under-representation in entrepreneurship and corporate sector. 相似文献
10.
Longer-Term Economic Effects of College Selectivity and Control 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study uses a nationally representative sample of baccalaureate recipients—4 years after graduation—to assess the effects of college selectivity and control on earnings and indebtedness related to undergraduate education. After controlling for salient background, education, and labor market characteristics there is strong evidence of a substantial earnings return to college selectivity and control, which is consistent with the bulk of earlier work in this area. The impact of these factors on education-related debt is varied, with graduates from more selective private institutions continuing to bear the largest debt burden. Findings also suggest, however, that the enhanced earnings for graduates from selective private colleges are quickly offsetting the associated debt burden. Potentially problematic issues include a mix of high debt loads and sub-par labor market experiences for graduates from low selectivity private institutions—those that also serve a disproportionate number of nontraditional students. 相似文献
11.
This paper compares graduates of the formal vocational and technical education (VTE) system in Côte d'Ivoire with those of informal apprenticeships, in terms of access to jobs, earnings, and the internal rate of return to investment in education. The structure of the labor market is explicitly considered in the analysis and the selection process into each segment is modelled. It is found that formal and informal VTE are not substitutes but prepare people for different careers. Within the “optimal” career path, each type of VTE carries similar returns. Promotion of informal VTE could increase society's returns to educational expenditures and contribute to realizing the employment creation potential of the informal sector. 相似文献
12.
Xiangrong Wu 《Frontiers of Education in China》2008,3(1):123-136
The paper estimates the returns to overeducation by the Over-Required and Undereducation (ORU) model. The estimated results
indicate that the returns to overeducation are positive, but lower than the returns to required education, which suggests
that while overeducated employees’ earnings are diminished, they still can benefit from it. The paper also attempts to estimate
the returns to overeducation by occupations, industries and regions. The result shows that in the field where educational
level has much to do with the skills required by employers, education-job match has a greater effect on one’s earnings, such
as professionals and skilled persons. On the contrary, education-job mismatch has little effect on one’s earnings, such as
non-skilled employees, administrative and clerical employees. In addition, the returns to overeducation are lower or insignificant
for those working in competitive but lower paid industries and areas. Conversely, the returns to overeducation are higher
for those working in the highly monopolized and highly paid industry and area. It can be argued that regardless of the incidence
of overeducation, those with higher level of education prefer to choose the lower level of job in these industries and areas.
__________
Translated from Beijing Daxue Jiaoyu Pinglun 北京大学教育评论 (Peking University Education Review), 2007, 5(2): 136–146 相似文献
13.
《Higher Education Policy》2001,14(2):141-159
Analysis of labor statistics and employer surveys indicate that the unemployment rate for university graduates may be 22 percent and that their prospects for employment have worsened over time. In addition, the share of graduates obtaining employment in the public sector has fallen drastically. The messages from the managers of surveyed firms are clear: (a) university graduates are poorly trained and unproductive on the job; (b) graduate skills have steadily deteriorated over the past decade; and (c) shortcomings are particularly severe in oral and written communication, and in applied technical skills. Employers frequently compensate for insufficient academic preparation by organizing remedial courses for new employees. This increases the firms’ operating costs, and reduces their profitability and competitiveness. 相似文献
14.
Trond Beldo Klausen 《Journal of Education & Work》2016,29(4):494-518
This paper studies the association between graduation age and earnings among university graduates in Denmark, which is a country with one of the oldest student populations in the world. Exploiting a rich data-set from administrative registers, the current study is able to track labour market career for a longer period of time and to control for more labour market-relevant variables than any previous study of graduation age and earnings. The results show that graduation age has either a slightly positive or an insignificant impact on starting wages within the public sector or a negative impact on starting wages among private sector employees. This applies to both genders, but the differences are stronger among male employees. The analyses of long-term wages reveal a more homogeneous pattern. Mature graduates earn less in all the years investigated. The wage differences are greatest among male graduates employed in private enterprises, and the gap increases throughout their careers. 相似文献
15.
J E MacLeod-Gallinger 《American annals of the deaf》1992,137(4):315-325
Discrepancies in labor force, occupation, and earnings outcomes were observed between men and women in a follow-up study of 4,900 deaf high school graduates who had responded to annual surveys conducted from 1982 to 1989. Reasons for the disparities were sought by further examination of the postsecondary programs undertaken, degrees earned, labor force activities, jobs held, and socioeconomic status. Despite efforts to expand career awareness and postsecondary programs for deaf people, deaf women continue to pursue a relatively narrow range of programs, leading to stereotypical female careers. Moreover, when women earn less than a bachelor's degree, they experience high underemployment and unemployment relative to deaf men and hearing peers. Without concerted intervention, this condition may be exacerbated as the labor market demands that workers be more professionally and technically trained in career areas where deaf females are yet underrepresented. 相似文献
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调查显示,平等就业权、劳动报酬权、隐私权和知情权是高校毕业生就业权利遭到侵害的主要表现形式。目前,我国的维权保护体系尚不健全、政府和相关就业部门不合理的政策导向、就业市场中人才供求失衡和高校毕业生的维权意识薄弱是诱发高校毕业生就业侵权的症结所在。因此,国家需要制定和完善高校毕业生就业的相关法律法规,政府要加大对就业市场的监管并加大反就业侵权的宣传,高校也需要提高毕业生的维权意识和自我保护能力。 相似文献
17.
How does performance at university affect labor market outcomes? Employing a regression discontinuity design, we show that university degree class causally affects graduates’ industry, wages, and earnings. Our sample consists of students at the London School of Economics, and our data combine administrative records with the Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education survey. We estimate that receiving a First Class degree instead of an Upper Second increases the probability of working in a high-wage industry by fourteen percentage points, leads to three percent higher wages, and yields two percent higher annual salaries. For the comparison between Upper and Lower Seconds, the corresponding figures are ten, seven, and four. Effects are larger for males and graduates of math-intensive degree programs. We show that this is consistent with a model of statistical discrimination, in which employers attach more importance to the degree class signal if it is more informative about underlying ability. 相似文献
18.
大学毕业生出现低薪现象的原因主要有供求总量失衡、市场歧视等几个方面.尽管在操作过程中会遇到一些困难和阻力,但政府在大学毕业生就业市场设立最低工资保障是完全必要的.因为设立针对这个群体的最低工资保障不仅是反对市场歧视的一种必要手段,而且也是鼓励人力资本投资的必然要求,更是为大学毕业生提供生活保障和发展基础的基本要求.政府应尽快建立分地区分类别的大学毕业生最低工资指导价,对就业市场和高等教育进行必要的监督和干预. 相似文献
19.
论文将劳动力市场划分为体制内劳动力市场与体制外劳动力市场,将大学毕业生的求职过程划分为信息收集与求职进行两个阶段,在一个二元、动态的分析框架内,就强弱社会关系对大学生就业机会获得及起薪水平的影响进行了实证研究。研究发现,强弱社会关系对大学生求职的影响与空间相关:在体制外劳动力市场,弱关系更有助于获得就业信息,弱关系比强关系更"强";但在体制内劳动力市场,强关系比弱关系更"强"。强弱关系对大学生求职的影响也与时间相关:在求职进行阶段,强关系更有助于就业机会获得,强关系比弱关系更"强"。但不管是强关系,还是弱关系,对大学生起薪水平均没有"强"影响,强弱关系对大学生起薪水平的影响与空间及时间都无关。 相似文献
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This paper investigates whether employers use university prestige as a signal of workers’ unobservable productivity. Our test is based on employer learning-statistical discrimination models, which suggest that if employers use university reputation to predict a worker’s unobservable quality, then college prestige should become less important for earnings as a worker gains labor market experience. In this framework, we use a regression discontinuity design to estimate a 13% wage premium for college graduates in their first year of the labor market who were barely accepted by one of the two most prestigious universities in Chile compared with those barely rejected by these two schools. However, we find that this premium decreases to 4% for workers with 6 or more years of labor market experience. This result suggests that college prestige becomes less important for employers as workers reveal their quality throughout their careers. 相似文献