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1.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(29):159-173
This essay presents the case for pruning an academic reference collection. Rather than a theoretical discourse on the virtues and vices of weeding, we present a practical discussion that focuses on the actual implementation of a reference pruning project. Thus we cover the planning stages, the logistics of organization, criteria for weeding, and the communication issues that seem always to arise during a weeding project. We also discuss various modes and modalities for dealing with conflict resolution as well as the vexing question of how to deal with reference serials in both their traditional and electronic formats. The emphasis throughout the paper is on the practical problems, issues, and concerns likely to confront librarians attempting to organize and carry out a reference collection review/pruning program. 相似文献
2.
OPINION FORMATION IN MEDIATED CONFLICTS AND CRISES: A THEORY OF COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE MEDIA EFFECTS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kepplinger Hans Mathias; Brosius Hans-Bernd; Staab Joachim Friedrich 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》1991,3(2):132-156
This paper analyzes opinion formation in the cases of threemediated conflicts using a complex model that evaluates therespondents' value systems, the coverage of the mass media used,the recipients' familiarity with specific events occurring inthe conflicts, and their positions on the issues. The modelpredicts that the recipients' long-term value systems influencetheir positions on the issue in two ways. Firstly, value systemshave a direct impact on the short-term positions on an issue.Secondly, value systems have an indirect impact on the positionsof issues by influencing the recipients' selection of news mediaand thus the type and amount of news information they are exposedto. The type and amount of news influences how knowledgeablethey are of the events related to the conflicts. The familiaritywith these events influences their positions on the issues.Value systems, media usage, familiarity and positions on theissues were measured in a survey. A parallel content analysisexamined the coverage of the conflicts in the German mass media(press, radio, television) during the six-month time frame priorto the survey. Both data sets were merged in order to give anestimate of the information each recipient was exposed to. Theresults of multiple regression analyses support the theoreticalmodel. Furthermore, this paper discusses the relevance of themodel for the analysis of opinion formation as well as the limitationsof the model. 相似文献
3.
Effective dispute resolution systems are critical to the functioning of large universities and organizations. However, the design of dispute resolution systems is often inadequate to achieving the stated goals of the system. Analysis of the cases of 45 disputants reveals how the design of a university dispute system and the social context can prevent an ombudsperson from successfully reconciling relationships. This study shows how a dispute system that generally failed to utilize face-to-face meetings or mediation techniques between disputants in a social context of fear and limited social ties was unable to reconcile or preserve working relationships. Analysis from normative pragmatic and social contextual approaches to disputing provides a mechanism for understanding the problems encountered by this ombudsperson and provides a tool for designing more effective dispute resolution systems. 相似文献
4.
Effective dispute resolution systems are critical to the functioning of large universities and organizations. However, the design of dispute resolution systems is often inadequate to achieving the stated goals of the system. Analysis of the cases of 45 disputants reveals how the design of a university dispute system and the social context can prevent an ombudsperson from successfully reconciling relationships. This study shows how a dispute system that generally failed to utilize face-to-face meetings or mediation techniques between disputants in a social context of fear and limited social ties was unable to reconcile or preserve working relationships. Analysis from normative pragmatic and social contextual approaches to disputing provides a mechanism for understanding the problems encountered by this ombudsperson and provides a tool for designing more effective dispute resolution systems. 相似文献
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6.
基于信息参考服务的理念和专业伦理等方面内涵，探讨图书馆参考服务过程中冲突理论相关问题，同时结合计算机通信技术和数据库技术，讨论分析现代信息参考服务中的冲突管理问题，提出在现代信息服务中如何正确有效处理客户冲突的一系列过程、方法及策略。 相似文献
7.
《Microprocessing and Microprogramming》1995,41(2):171-189
Wormhole message routing is supported by the communication hardware of several distributed memory machines. This particular method of message routing has numerous advantages but creates the problem of a routing deadlock. When long messages compete for the same channels in the network, some messages will be blocked until the first message is fully consumed by the processor at the destination of the message. A deadlock occurs if a set of messages mutually blocks, and no message can progress towards its destination. Most deadlock free routing schemes previously known are designed to work on regular binary hypercubes, a very special case of multicomputer interconnection networks. However, these routing schemes do not provide enough flexibility to deal with the irregular 2-D-tori and attached auxiliary cells found on many newer parallel systems.To handle irregular topologies elegantly, a simple proof is necessary to verify the router code. The new proof given in this report is carried out directly on the network graph. It is constructive in the sense that it reveals the design options to deal with irregularities and shows how additional flexibility can be used to achieve better load balancing.Based on the modified routing model, a set of deadlock free router functions relevant to the iWarp system configurations are described and proven to be correct. 相似文献
8.
在对目前异构数据集成研究成果进行比较研究的基础上,引入语义处理与控制技术,对国防专利情报系统异构数据集成语义控制以及专利系统数据模式转换与结构冲突消解方法进行研究,提出消除专利数据命名冲突和实现专利数据语义映射的机制,实现国防专利情报系统之间的信息交互和共享.国防专利情报系统对其他特殊类型的图书馆专利文献系统具有一定的借鉴意义.参考文献12. 相似文献
9.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):227-247
It is argued here that students of rhetoric and communication, along with scholars in other disciplines, have tended to reflect “Establishment” biases in treatments of persuasion in social conflicts. As a result, we have often failed to come to grips with the nature of conflict, the needs of “OUTS” and “HAVE‐NOTS,” and the utility of conflict for societies. In the place of prevailing “system orientations,” a “dual perspective” is proposed—one which would examine persuasion in conflicts from the viewpoint of both the actors attempting to maximize their interests in conflict situations and the system attempting to regulate conflict in the collective interest. The concept of “coercive persuasion” is introduced, and several suggestions for research are offered. 相似文献
10.
José María Moreno-Jiménez Cristina Pérez-Espés Manuela Velázquez 《Government Information Quarterly》2014
Designing public policies using information technology as a communication support system is one of the most important current issues in the public policy making field. This work presents a methodology for the design and selection of public policies based on the cognitive democratic model known as e-Cognocracy. In addition to facilitating debate between representatives and the represented (deliberative democracy), this model allows for co-decision making between citizens and politicians. Furthermore, and of even greater importance, e-Cognocracy generates a process of continuing education that is concordant to the lifelong process of living systems (cognitive process). The methodology contemplates multiple rounds (usually two) when incorporating the preferences of the actors implicated in decision making and takes advantage of the creative capacity of human beings when solving complex problems. At the same time, the methodology permits the evaluation of both the individual and social learning that is derived from the scientific resolution of the problem and the democratisation of the knowledge that is extracted. This methodology was applied to a real-life experience in the Spanish municipality of Cadrete. 相似文献
11.
[目的/意义] 对大规模用户讨论过程进行分析，能够深入挖掘网络百科群体冲突发展特征及其影响因素，并有助于理解内容生产过程中的群体冲突现象，为管理这种冲突提供理论指导。[方法/过程] 在团队冲突理论基础上，构建包括词条主题、冲突成因、任务复杂度、冲突持续时间、冲突强度、冲突转化、冲突结果7个变量的编码框架，采用内容分析法从冲突开端、中间过程、冲突结果三个方面对选自于百度百科吧中与词条编辑冲突相关的137个"用户讨论过程"展开分析。[结果/结论] 研究发现，认知差异、利益矛盾和权力分歧均为网络百科群体冲突发生的原因，且无主次之分；任务复杂度与冲突强度呈正相关关系，且在一定范围内与冲突发生的可能性呈负相关关系，但对冲突结果无直接影响；冲突转化会显著提高冲突强度，冲突强度与冲突持续时间呈正相关关系。冲突强度过大和冲突转化均不利于冲突的解决。网络百科群体冲突结果包括分离、支配、妥协、整合一致、结构性改善5种类型，但超过一半的冲突并未得到解决。 相似文献
12.
中国传媒产业习惯上采用行政官僚制度,在内部冲突管理上沿袭传统冲突管理理论,以消除内部纷争。不过,传媒企业的信息产业特点要求保持较激进的创新性与竞争性,使得传媒企业内部冲突行为必然不同于传统产业。本文应用组织行为理论,采用数理统计方法对境内上市传媒公司内部冲突行为动因给予实证研究,结果表明制度在抑制负向冲突、引导冲突走向等方面具有重要性。 相似文献
13.
William E. Underwood 《Archives and Museum Informatics》1997,11(3-4):261-267
This paper is a synopsis of results achieved in addressing research questions and issues in the management of electronic records. The formulation of records management theory within the context of set theory is briefly described. Steps toward establishing functional requirements for electronic recordkeeping are summarized. The use of software prototyping to develop software techniques for classifying, profiling, and records disposition is described. New research issues and approaches to their resolution are proposed. The methods used in this research suggest the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing issues in the management of electronic records. 相似文献
14.
Inspectors of nuclear power plants manage information to make plants safer and to monitor and evaluate adherence to regulatory requirements. Integrating grounded practical theory and communication as design (CAD), we investigated the collective design of and practice of status meetings—a pair of daily meetings meant to manage information about the day-to-day safety oversight of nuclear power plants. Our analysis focused on (1) the problems these status meetings were meant to address, (2) the techniques participants used or proposed to address them, and (3) the situated ideals reflected in the designs for and practice of these meetings. Clustering the techniques illuminated designable features of status meetings (e.g., what, how much, and how to communicate, turn-taking, timing, pacing, and audience). We extend work on CAD by conceptualizing and investigating collective design work, focusing on the fit, function, and fragmentation of approaches to status meetings. We also contribute to the theory and practice of organizing for safety and reliability by making recommendations for coping when communication processes informed by best practices nonetheless produce persistent, irresolvable tensions that complicate the enactment of safety. 相似文献
15.
This paper reports on problems and conflicts encountered when using decision support systems (DSS) in political contexts. Based on a literature study and two case studies we describe problems encountered in relation not only to the DSS itself, but also to the political decision process. The case studies have been carried out in two cities in Sweden that at different times but in similar situations have used DSS in order to reach a decision in complicated and contested matters. In both cases we have previously found that the method and IT tool used for decision analysis were appreciated by most participants, but the inherent rationality of the DSS was in conflict with how participants usually make decisions as well as with the political process. The assumption was that a strict and open method would make grounds for clear decisions, but the results of the decision process were none of the cases implemented. In one case the result of the decision analysis was that no clear decision was made. In the other case the lowest ranked alternative was implemented. Furthermore, in neither city the method was ever used again. We therefore ask: What are the challenges and limitations to using DSS in political contexts? Our study shows that challenges relate to selecting and using criteria; eliciting weights for criteria (high level of subjectivity); understanding all the amount of facts available in the system; time constraints; and lack of impact on the final decision. This study contributes to both research and practice by increasing the understanding of what challenges are experienced in DSS use, since the findings can be used as a framework of challenges that should be addressed, in design of systems as well as method for use. The study also contributes to understanding the role of politicians in decision-making and the consequences for the use of DSS. Further, the literature study showed that there are overall very few studies on the actual use of DSS in a political context, and we therefore conclude by encouraging more studies reporting actual use. 相似文献
16.
Eytan Gilboa 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2013,30(2):99-120
This analysis of the involvement of journalists in international conflict resolution presents a conceptual model that applies theories and models from both negotiation and communication. Each variant of the model—direct intervention, bridging, and secret mediation—has contributed to conflict resolution in a different way. The model also includes three parameters: action, initiation, and consequences. Findings from eight case studies raise difficult professional, practical, and ethical questions for negotiators, policymakers, and journalists. 相似文献
17.
《Microprocessing and Microprogramming》1995,41(7):469-485
We describe the design of a kernel for an inexpensive front-end processor to run the lower layers of common communication protocols. Implementing a full fledged kernel on a card requires large memory, expensive hardware and heavy processing overhead. We studied the requirements of the layers of communication protocols which generally run as a part of the host kernel. We realised that a workable kernel for the front-end processor which has a subset of the features of the host kernel, could be implemented within reasonable time. This could provide the functions required by the communication protocol layers and run them within the constraints of inexpensive hardware. The aims of this research were manifold:
- 1.(1) To explore the general set of requirements of common connection-oriented and connectionless protocols.
- 2.(2) To design and present algorithms of a kernel which can satisfy such requirements. Since the kernel is based on this general set of requirements, it will be generic and not specific to only the protocol running on the card. Thus it can be used to download different protocols on the card.
- 3.(3) Suggest implementation techniques so as to reduce memory and processing overhead on the host and to improve the performance of the protocols running in the kernel.
- 4.(4) To actually run a protocol on this kernel and compare its performance with an existing design.
18.
Yalan Huang 《亚洲交流杂志》2016,26(5):466-484
Chinese university students’ promotion and performance of the feminist play The Vagina Monologues in 2013 triggered a heated debate and a strain of misogyny in social media, which demonstrate how people perceive feminism in China. Through quantitative content analysis and qualitative text analysis of 533 online comments on this feminist activity, this paper investigates the conflicts and contradictions within feminism in China and four frames (meaning packages) are identified. Three of them, namely the ‘public–private conflict’ frame, the ‘Western-Chinese conflict’ frame, the ‘class conflict’ frame, were employed to express opposition, whereas only one feminist frame held a supportive stance. Feminism in China is found to be perceived as morally deviant, foreign-rooted, and intertwined with issues like nationalism, social polarization, and a modernization-tradition contradiction. In this event, social media facilitated the diffusion of misogyny as well as served as public sphere wherein diverse and deliberative discussion was allowed. 相似文献
19.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(59):37-50
Summary Good Reference desk scheduling is a challenging responsibility which requires the scheduler to possess competent interpersonal communication skills, a strong sense of impartiality in the decision-making process, the ability to manage conflict, and a high level of dedication. Even though desk scheduling is an indispensable element in the smooth functioning of most Reference operations, there is little to be found in library literature which addresses this topic, and even less about the human elements present in desk scheduling. This paper will focus on the philosophical issues and human elements involved in Reference desk scheduling. It will include insight in the institutionalization of scheduling policy and procedures, the relationship between the scheduler and the schedulee, and the management of conflicts which will inevitably occur. 相似文献
20.
《Communication methods and measures》2013,7(2):138-161
The ability to validly measure campaign exposure is central to claims of public communication campaign effectiveness. Surprisingly, scholars have paid remarkably little attention to questions about the validity of various ways to measure campaign exposure. This paper begins to address this gap by outlining conceptual, empirical, and practical issues in developing valid measures of campaign exposure. First, I offer a brief definition of measurement validity and describe a variety of measurement options utilized in recent, large–scale health communication campaign evaluations. Next, I outline conceptual and empirical assumptions behind these various measurement strategies. I continue with a review of research that has applied validation criteria to specific measures of campaign exposure. I conclude by offering a series of guidelines for exposure measurement and validation practices based on the evidence to date, which I caveat by describing tensions and emergent issues that researchers will need to consider in future work. 相似文献