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1.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, which is strongly associated with liver dysfunction. Hyperglycemia, through an oxidative stress pathway, damages various tissues. Herbal medicine is a good candidate to ameliorate hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. In this study, the effects of aqueous Allium sativum (garlic) extract (AGE) on gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) and production of nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated in the liver tissue of diabetic rats. Four groups of rats contained normal control rats, garlic control rats (AGE), Streptozotocin (STZ) + nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats (DM), and diabetic rats treated with garlic (DM + AGE). Glucose levels and liver enzymes activities were determined by colorimetric assay in the serum. Gene expression of iNOS by real-time PCR, NO levels by Griess method, oxidative stress parameters by spectrophotometric method and histopathological examination by hematoxylin and eosin staining method were evaluated in the liver tissues. Glucose levels, activities of liver enzymes, oxidative stress markers, iNOS gene expression, and NO production increased significantly in diabetic rats in comparison with control rats, whereas after oral administration of garlic, these parameters decreased significantly, close to the normal levels. Hence, the beneficial effects of garlic on the liver injury of diabetes could be included in the hypoglycaemic and antioxidant properties of garlic via a decrease in gene expression of iNOS and subsequent NO production.  相似文献   

2.
Oxidative stress has been proposed as one of the causes involved in idiopathic fetal growth restriction (IFGR). However, the exact relationship between oxidative stress and IFGR is not understood. This study aimed at understanding the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in IFGR materno-fetal dyads and matched controls. 75 materno-fetal dyads with IFGR were enrolled with equal number of normal low risk controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured as marker of oxidative stress, while paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of serum were measured as markers of antioxidant status. MDA levels were increased in both maternal and cord blood of IFGR neonates as compared to controls (p < 0.001). TAC of serum were found to be decreased in IFGR (both maternal and cord blood) as compared to controls (p < 0.001; p < 0.05, respectively). PON1 activity was found to be decreased in the IFGR mothers while it was found increased in IFGR cord blood (p < 0.01; p < 0.001)). IFGR is a state of increased oxidative stress. Decreased PON1 enzymatic activity in mothers is also associated with IFGR.  相似文献   

3.
The study was conducted to find out the extent of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in ischemic stroke patients (ISPs) with and without diabetes. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was studied as a marker of lipid peroxidation. Glutathione (GSH), uric acid and ceruloplasmin were estimated to study the antioxidant potential of ISPs. Significantly higher levels of MDA were found in both the groups of ISPs and the increase in MDA was more in ISPs without diabetes. GSH levels were decreased significantly in both the groups of ISPs and maximum decline was found in ISPs with diabetes. Uric acid levels were significantly increased in both the groups of ISPs. Ceruloplasmin levels were increased significantly in ISPs without diabetes, whereas its levels were slightly decreased in ISPs with diabetes. A negative correlation was found between MDA and the antioxidants GSH, uric acid and ceruloplasmin in ISPs with diabetes. This study suggests that there is an association between ischemic stroke and increased oxidative stress and the antioxidant potential is impaired in both the groups of ISPs with and without diabetes.  相似文献   

4.
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5.

Introduction:

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infectious diseases in children. The aim of this study was to determine the total prooxidant and antioxidant capacity of children with UTI, as well as changes of oxidative status parameters according to acute inflammation persistence and acute kidney injury (AKI) development.

Materials and methods:

The patients enrolled in the study comprised 50 Caucasian children (median age was 6 months) with UTI. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP) and renal function parameters urea and creatinine were analyzed in patient’s serums.

Results:

According to duration of inflammation during UTI, TAS values were significantly higher (0.99 vs. 0.58 mmol/L, P = 0.017) and OSI values were significantly lower (0.032 vs. 0.041 AU, P = 0.037) in the subjects with longer duration of inflammation than in the subjects with shorter duration of inflammation. We did not find significant difference in basal values of oxidative status parameters according to AKI development.

Conclusions:

OSI values could detect the simultaneous change of TAS and TOS due to change in the oxidative-antioxidant balance during the recovery of children with UTI. TAS and OSI as markers of oxidative stress during UTI are sensitive to accompanying inflammatory condition. Further investigations are needed to evaluate whether TAS, TOS and OSI could be used to monitor disease severity in children with UTI.  相似文献   

6.
The anti-candidial effect of garlic extract (Allium sativum L.) was investigated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced after a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Rats were divided into six groups with fifteen rats in each group: (1) Normal control rats (2) Control rats + C. albicans (3) Control rats + garlic extract + C. albicans (4) Diabetic control rats (5) Diabetic rats + C. albicans (6) Diabetic rats + garlic extract + C. albicans. The concerned groups were inoculated with C.albicans on the 15 th day. At the end of one month experiment, fasted rats were killed by cervical decapitation. Blood was collected for estimation of glucose and C. albicans concentrations were estimated in liver and kidneys homogenates. A significant increase was observed in serum glucose levels in diabetic rats. A loss of bodyweight, polydipsia and polyphagia were observed in diabetic rats. Administration of alcoholic extract of garlic (0.25 g/kg body weight) reduced the hyperglycemia, polydipsia, polyphagia and associated weight loss of streptozotocin-treated rats. Administration of garlic extract significantly reduced C. albicans concentrations in liver and kidneys homogenates in infected control and diabetic rats. It is concluded that garlic extract improves candidia infection in diabetic rats.  相似文献   

7.
Effect of irbesartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, was studied in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic nephropathy. Polyuria, proteinuria, blood urea, creatinine clearance, and urinary electrolytes were determined to assess kidney damage. There was a significant increase in urine volume, urinary protein and blood urea in STZ induced diabetic rats. On the other hand, irbesartan treatment resulted in a significant reduction in urinary protein and blood urea in these rats. Irbesartan treatment also improved creatinine clearance and exhibited a natriuretic effect in these animals. Results suggest that irbesartan treatment ameliorate STZ induced diabetic nephropathic changes, in rats.  相似文献   

8.
Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder associated with maternal hypertension, placental abnormalities and adverse fetal outcomes. The various pathways involved in its etiology include endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory milieu, lipid peroxidation and immunological imbalance. The present study was conducted to evaluate the causative and predictive role of nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation end products (MDA) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) in clinical presentation, severity and fetal outcome in preeclampsia. The study population was divided into 3 groups- Non- pregnant females comprising the control population; G1 and G2 groups included normal pregnant and pregnant females with preeclampsia with 50 patients in each group. Nitric Oxide and MDA levels were found to be highest in the preeclamptic patients as compared to other two groups. ROC curve analysis shows the superiority of the inflammatory markers as determinants of severity of preeclampsia which suggests the emerging role of pro inflammatory markers in the various pathological changes in preeclampsia. TNF-α emerged as the best marker in multivariate analysis and thus, has the potential for being used as a marker for PIH. Our study illustrates the multifactorial etiology of preeclampsia involving oxidative stress, proinflammatory milieu and endothelial dysfunction.  相似文献   

9.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation during acute phase reactions. The current study was designed to investigate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) along with the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) during progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis in diabetic patients, and correlate the levels of cytokines with the progression of NAFLD. Fifty-two diabetic patients compared to 18 healthy controls were participated in this study. Based on clinical diagnosis, patients were divided into three groups: simple steatosis, NASH and fibrosis. Serum liver function tests, fasting blood glucose, bilirubin, ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-10 and lipid profile were measured. TNF-α levels were significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared to control subjects with a significant positive correlation with body mass index and fasting blood glucose (FBG) but with negative correlation with IL-10. Serum IL-10 levels were significantly lower in NAFLD patients compared with controls. A positive correlation between IL-10 and HDL-C with concomitant negative correlation between IL-10 and FBG and triacylglycerides was found. Cytokine analyses showed that there was a prominent imbalance between TNF-α and IL-10 in patients with NAFLD, and this imbalance increase by increasing the progression of NAFLD especially in obese diabetic patients. TNF-α and IL-10 could be used in diagnosis and follow-up of NAFLD stages in a way to avoid liver biopsies in greater proportion of patients.  相似文献   

10.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed in various metabolic reactions cause unlimited damage by attacking and oxidizing the macromolecules. An arsenal of antioxidant substances neutralizes these ROS at various sites of their metabolic cascade, and if disequilibrium exists between the pro and antioxidant system, oxidative stress persists. The present study was undertaken in schizophrenia, to highlight the response and role of some endogenous antioxidants viz. reduced glutathione (GSH), bilirubin, total proteins, albumin and uric acid in scavenging the ROS. The effect of severity of disease, age factor, and substance abuse was also studied. In all, 50 schizophrenics and 50 age and sex-matched controls were enrolled in the present study. Fasting blood samples were drawn for estimating malondialdehyde (MDA), GSH, bilirubin, total proteins, albumin and uric acid in both the groups. The results were statistically analyzed by Z-test and correlated using correlation coefficient (r). The study shows reduction in MDA levels and decline in the level of endogenous antioxidants, but within the normal range. Chronic schizophrenics were at a higher risk of oxidative stress and age and substance abuse seems to worsen the situation.  相似文献   

11.
Hemodialysis represents a chronic stress status for its recipients. Many hypotheses state that this may be associated with oxidative stress. Thus, there may be deficiency of antioxidants like erythrocytic superoxide dismutase, catalase, vitamin E or increased generation of free radicals like superoxide anions. A study was carried out to investigate oxidant and antioxidant status in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis and effect of vitamin E supplementation on these two status. Blood samples were collected from patients before and after hemodialysis and from controls. The samples were analyzed for quantitation of MDA as index of lipid peroxide, nitric oxide, vitamin E, vitamin C and enzymatic antioxidants namely erythrocyte SOD and catalase. As compared to controls, the levels of serum MDA were significantly increased and activities of erythrocyte SOD and catalase, levels of serum nitric oxide, serum vitamin E and plasma vitamin C were significantly decreased both before and after hemodialysis. The efficiency of vitamin E therapy in hemodialysis patients was assessed by re-evaluating oxidant and antioxidant status of same patients after supplementation of vitamin E. Vitamin E supplementation caused decrease in serum MDA and increase in levels of serum nitric oxide, vitamin E, vitamin C and activities of erythrocytic SOD and catalase. Our results suggest the presence of oxidative stress and the possible preventive role of vitamin E therapy in hemodialysis patients.  相似文献   

12.
In traditional medicine, Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus) was used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia in diabetes has been associated with increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage to tissue compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of eucalyptus in the diet (20 g/Kg) and drinking water (2.5 g/L) on lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and antioxidant power in plasma and liver homogenate, as well as glycated-Hb (HbA1C) of blood in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for a period of 4 weeks. Diabetes induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/Kg). At the end of the treatment period, the level of plasma glucose, plasma and liver malondialdehyde (MDA, the main product of lipid peroxidation), protein carbonyl (PC, one of the protein oxidation products) and HbA1C increased and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) decreased in diabetic rats compared to normal rats. Eucalyptus administration for 4 weeks caused a significant decrease in the plasma glucose levels, plasma and liver MDA, PC and HbA1C, also a concomitant increase in the levels of FRAP in diabetic treated rats. In conclusion, the present study showed that eucalyptus posses antioxidant activities. Eucalyptus probably restores antioxidant power, due to the improved hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.  相似文献   

13.
Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus induce increased lipid peroxidation and peroxyl radical formation, an important mechanism in genesis of microangiopathy. We took up a study on oxidative stress, measured by plasma MDA and antioxidant vitamin status in type − 2 DM patients with and without retinopathy and compared them with a control non-diabetic group. Lipid peroxidation marker MDA was significantly elevated (p < 0.001) in both the diabetic groups whereas, serum vitamin E and vitamin C registered a significant fall (p<0.001) as compared to controls. Our correlation study revealed a significant positive association between plasma MDA with both fasting and 2hr post prandial plasma glucose (r=0.81, p < 0.001, r=0.92, p <0.001) suggesting the role of hyperglycemia in free radical production. Plasma MDA also depicted significant positive relation (p< 0.001) with all lipid parameters except serum HDLc pointing the role of dyslipidemia towards lipid peroxidation. Plasma MDA level was also found to be negatively correlated with both the vitamins (p<0.001, p<0.001) in the study group explaining their protective consumption in the oxidative process prevailing in diabetic retinopathy.  相似文献   

14.
The changes in the erythrocyte lipid peroxidation products (MDA), levels of glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid and plasma vitamin E (non enzymatic antioxidant parameters) and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase in erythrocytes and plasma glutathione - S - transferase (GST) activity were estimated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This work was undertaken to assess oxidative stress and anti oxidant status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It was observed that there was a significant increase in erythrocyte MDA levels, activities of SOD, GPX, plasma GST and a significant decrease in erythrocyte GSH, ascorbic acid, plasma vitamin E levels and catalse activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis when compared to controls. The results of our study suggests higher oxygen free radical production, evidenced by increased MDA and decreased GSH, ascorbic acid, vitamin E and Catalase activity, support to the oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis. The increased activities of antioxidant enzymes may be a compensatory regulation in response to increased oxidative stress.  相似文献   

15.
In the present study the antioxidative potential ofMomordica charantia, Azadirachta indica, Allium sativum andOcimum sanctum was assessed in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Lipid peroxide levels were also measured in normal, diabetic and treated animals. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher and antioxidant activity was found low in diabetic groups as compared to the control groups, and significant alteration in both the MDA levels and antioxidant activity was also observed when the above herbal hypoglycemic agents were given to diabetic rats. On the basis of our results we conclude thatM. charantia, A. indica, A. sativum andO. sanctum are not only useful in controlling the lipid peroxide levels but are also helpful in further strengthening the antioxidant potential.  相似文献   

16.
Increased oxidative stress is a widely accepted participant in the development and progression of diabetes and its complications. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus and effect of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress. In all 120 subjects were enrolled in the present study, 40 subjects are age and sex matched controls. Test group comprised of clinically diagnosed (n = 80) type 2 diabetic patients. Biochemical parameters like serum MDA, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, erythrocyte reduced glutathione and platelet aggregation were analyzed in control and diabetic group. Test group is further categorized as Group I (n = 40) diabetics were treated by only hypoglycemic drugs and Group II (n = 40) diabetics were treated by hypoglycemic drugs with vitamin E supplementation. All above biochemical parameters were again reassessed after 3 months follow-up in both group and its values were compared with its respective baseline levels. The study shows, reduction of oxidative stress, improvement in antioxidant enzymes and endothelial dysfunction in group II, those were on treatment of hypoglycemic drugs along with vitamin E supplementation. Hence the present study may conclude that vitamin E supplementation along with hypoglycemic drugs may be beneficial to type 2 DM patients to minimize vascular complications.  相似文献   

17.
Cisplatin mediated nephrotoxicity is remarkably documented by reactive oxygen species. Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide and has a scavenging property. The aim of present study was to assess the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in association with oxidative stress in cisplatin -treated and 10 subsequent doses of carnosine-pretreated rats. 24 male Albino Wistar rats, were randomly divided into four groups (n=6). Group I remains untreated; Group II received Cisplatin (3 mg / kg) for 5 alternate days; Group III received Carnosine (10 mg / kg) for consecutive 10 days; Group IV received Carnosine (10 mg / kg) before administration of Cisplatin (3 mg / kg). The effects of carnosine on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity were evaluated by plasma creatinine, urea, malondialdehyde, nitrate; kidney tissue malondialdehyde, 4-HNE, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Cisplatin-induced oxidative stress was indicated by increased level of tissue MDA, 4-HNE and decreased level of tissue GSH, SOD and Catalase. Marked elevation of kidney weight and reduced body weight and pathological changes in kidney tissues were also observed in Cisplatin-treated rats. Carnosine reduced these pathological changes and counteracted the deleterious effects of cisplatin. The results divulge the beneficial effect of Carnosine pretreatment with cisplatin in experimental rat model.  相似文献   

18.
Elevated free radical generation in inflamed joints and impaired antioxidant system has been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Green tea extracts (GTE) have been shown to reduce inflammation in inflammatory arthritis murine model. This study investigates possible mechanisms by which vitamin C and GTE protect joints in RA rat model. This study included forty adult male rats that were divided into four groups (10 rats each); control group, collagen II induced RA group (CII), CII treated with vitamin C (CII + Vit C) and CII treated with GTE (CII + GTE) in physiology laboratory, Assiut University, Egypt. After 45 days of treatment, plasma levels of lipid peroxides (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), ceruloplasmin (CP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), uric acid (UA) and glutathione (GSH) were detected using colorimetric methods, PGE2 using ELISA and copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) using spectrometer. In CII group, levels of LPO, NO, PGE2, UA, CP, Cu were higher while SOD, GSH, Zn were lower than controls. In groups treated with vitamin C and GTE, levels of SOD, GSH were increased while levels of LPO, NO, PGE2, Cu, CP were decreased compared with CII group. Levels of UA were decreased and Zn increased in GTE treated group compared with CII group. GTE treated group showed higher Zn and low Cu levels compared with vitamin C treated group. This study suggests proper GTE and vitamin C intake may effectively normalize the impaired oxidant/antioxidant system and delaying complication of RA.  相似文献   

19.
High ambient temperature has been reported to increase oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation and decreasing antioxidant defence in transition dairy cows. It is also known to cause an increase in plasma cortisol levels in goats, European hedgehog and human volunteers. High levels of glucocorticoids have been reported to decrease blood glutathione and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in rats. Although institutional animal houses in research laboratories of developed countries maintain animals in air-conditioned rooms at constant temperature, the same is not true of animal houses in the developing countries especially those belonging to smaller institutions and this could affect the results of the experiments being conducted on these animals. The present research study was done to assess the effects of seasonal variations on the status of erythrocyte oxidative damage, antioxidant defence and plasma cortisol levels in adult female Wistar rats. Rats were kept in their home cages and were left in non-air-conditioned procedure rooms in two different seasons, Hot season (March-May) and Cool season (June to September). Erythrocyte Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and plasma cortisol levels were significantly increased in rats exposed to high ambient temperature and humidity of the hot season as compared to the rats of the cool season. Erythrocyte reduced glutathione levels, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly decreased in the hot season group of rats. The results of our experiments showed that exposure of adult female Wistar rats to high ambient temperature and humidity of the hot season increases neuroendocrine stress, oxidative stress and decreases antioxidant defence in them.  相似文献   

20.
End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis (HD) have an increased oxidative stress, with a high risk of atherosclerosis and other co-morbid conditions. Recent studies have suggested that myeloperoxidase (MPO)—mediated oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in dialysis patients. Furthermore, dialysis treatment ‘per se’ can aggravate oxidative stress. Hence this study was designed to determine whether HD leads to an alteration in the plasma levels of MPO and malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress in ESRD patients on maintenance HD. To study the effect of HD, plasma MPO and MDA were determined before and after HD in forty ESRD patients (24 men and 16 women, age between 8 and 71 years, median being 40.5 years) on maintenance HD. Plasma MPO and MDA were assayed by spectrophotometric methods. Haematological and other biochemical parameters were obtained from patients’ case records. Plasma MPO and MDA levels were significantly higher after HD when compared with pre-dialysis levels (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between MPO and MDA (r = 0.184, p = 0.10) and other biochemical parameters (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant correlation between MPO and MDA with haemodialysis vintage (p < 0.05). In univariate regression analysis duration of HD (β = 1.470, p = 0.045, β = 0.388, p = 0.013), was independently associated with MPO and MDA. Although HD is indispensable for survival of patients with ESRD, it is fraught with undesirable side-effects, such as an increase in the plasma MPO and MDA levels. The elevated levels of MPO contribute to the increased oxidative stress as free radicals are produced by the reaction catalyzed by it.  相似文献   

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