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1.
Durk Gorter Jasone Cenoz 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2011,10(1):651-666
Over the last three decades, regional minority languages in Europe have regained increased recognition and support. Their
revitalisation is partly due to their being taught in schools. Multilingualism has special characteristics for speakers of
minority languages and it poses unique challenges for learning minority languages. This article looks at the cases of Basque
and Frisian, comparing and contrasting their similarities and differences. The educational system in the Basque Autonomous
Community underwent an important transformation, starting in 1979 from a situation where less than 5 per cent of all teachers
were capable of teaching through Basque. Today this figure has changed to more than 80 per cent. An innovative approach was
chosen for teaching the minority language, Basque, alongside the dominant language, Spanish, and the international language,
English. The outcome is a substantial increase in the proficiency in the minority language among the younger age groups. The
decline of the minority language has thus been successfully reversed and one of the major challenges now is to uphold a sustainable
educational system. By contrast, the Frisian language has fared less well in the Netherlands, where developments over the
last 30 years have been much slower and the results more modest. Here policy-making for education and for language is caught
in a continuous debate between a weak provincial level and a powerful central state level. Overall, multilingualism as a resource
for individuals is valued for “bigger” languages such as English, French and German, but not for a “small” language such as
Frisian. Nevertheless, a few trilingual experiments have been carried out in some schools in Friesland in teaching Frisian,
Dutch and English. These experiments may also be instructive for other cases of minority languages of a “moderate strength”.
In the cases of both Basque and Frisian multilingualism is generally perceived as an important resource. 相似文献
2.
In the Netherlands, Turkish–Dutch children constitute a substantial group of children who learn to speak Dutch at the age of four after they learned to speak Turkish. These children are generally academically less successful. Academic success appears to be affected by both language proficiency and working memory skill. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between language skills and working memory in Turkish–Dutch and native-Dutch children from low-income families. The findings revealed reduced Dutch language and Dutch working-memory skills for Turkish–Dutch children compared to native-Dutch children. Working memory in native-Dutch children was unrelated to their language skills, whereas in Turkish–Dutch children strong correlations were found both between Turkish language skills and Turkish working-memory performance and between Dutch language skills and Dutch working-memory performance. Reduced language proficiencies and reduced working-memory skills appear to manifest itself in strong relationships between working memory and language skills in Turkish–Dutch children. The findings seem to indicate that limited verbal working-memory and language deficiencies in bilingual children may have reciprocal effects that strongly warrants adequate language education. 相似文献
3.
宋婷波 《雁北师范学院学报》2006,22(3):72-74
通过研究有效的语言学习课堂的因素,将有助于改进教学方法,从而改变外语学习的状况。文章从语言输入、输出和情感因素三个方面探讨在语言习得中的作用,并进一步分析其对语言学习课堂的影响。 相似文献
4.
赖清燕 《四川教育学院学报》2014,(3):100-103
以问卷为调研方法,从自身认同和建构主义理论,探究英语教育专业学生在英语教育实习中英语语言能力的作用。研究结果表明,学生在英语教育实习期间,英语语言能力影响自身认同、交际模式和英语语言情感的变化。研究证明,在英语教育实习中,较高的英语语言能力对学生有着积极的影响。 相似文献
5.
In this study the relationships between writing instruction and functional composition performance were analyzed. The data were obtained in a national assessment on the language proficiency of students in the third year of Dutch secondary education (age ±15). Multivariate multilevel analysis showed that 10 out of 36 instructional characteristics were related to functional composition performance. The effective instructional characteristics included: instruction and exercises in writing functional texts, writing for a specific purpose, tailoring to a particular audience, global rating of writing products by the teacher, and frequent evaluation of Dutch language proficiency through teacher-made tests and written assignments. No effects were found for the rather popular subskill exercises on idiom, syntax, spelling and punctuation, and for pre-writing activities, text revisions and peer-review. Furthermore, the effect of instructional characteristics was often different on one task than on another. Finally, there was little differential effectiveness for different groups of students. If one instructional characteristic was more effective than the other, this was generally true, to an equal degree, for boys and girls and for promoted and non-promoted students. 相似文献
6.
Zeynep Mine Derince 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2011,29(1):377-395
After passing their university entry exam, students who wish to study a subject at one of the Turkish universities offering
English-medium courses attend a one-year preparatory class. At the end of this, they need to pass an English language proficiency
exam in order to be admitted to their chosen course of study. The existing curriculum for such preparatory classes is designed
to be taught in English only and very much oriented towards passing the concluding standardised language proficiency exam
at the end. This approach does not teach the students any of the skills they will need for their further study, such as how
to think critically or to question their own conditioning and political attitudes. Using a different methodology, the author
of this paper conducted an in-class project with students learning English in a Turkish state university’s preparatory class.
The project was carried out within a framework of critical pedagogy and used both Turkish and English during the phases of
research and discussion. Evaluating the students’ own reflections on the experience as well as their final presentations which
were prepared in English, the author suggests that the critical pedagogy approach in combination with a maximum use of students’
means of expression and language resources led to a more meaningful learning experience – both for the students and for herself
– as well as a more efficient and lasting English language proficiency. 相似文献
7.
“双主体交互式”教学模式在报刊英语教学中的应用与实践 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杜宏丽 《齐齐哈尔师范高等专科学校学报》2012,(4):143-145
随着信息与经济的全球化步伐不断加快及高校英语教学改革日益深入,英语专业教学中补充时事报刊阅读已成为普遍趋势。本文针对报刊英语教学现状,提出将"双主体交互式"教学模式应用于报刊英语教学中,旨在激发学生阅读英文报刊兴趣,提高学生阅读英文报刊的技能,培养和促进学生综合运用语言的能力。 相似文献
8.
基础教育阶段英语课程的核心理念解读 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自2001年开始实施基础教育课程改革以来,我国的英语教育又取得新的成就,中小学生的总体英语水平有了显著提高。然而,英语新课程的全面实施仍然面临不少困难和问题,追根溯源地讲,理念认识方面的问题是关键所在。本文结合三个版本的《英语课程标准》(教育部,2001,2003,2011),解读我国基础教育阶段英语课程的核心理念,探讨如何正确理解和切实落实新课程,以期帮助英语教师准确认识和把握新课程的核心思想,从而进一步促进英语教育更快更好地发展。 相似文献
9.
Ali S. M. Al-Issa 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2014,13(1):25-44
The Sultanate of Oman is a developing country that has accepted the English language as a significant tool for modernization. This was best interpreted in the opening of Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) in 1986, which has delivered its different academic programmes totally or partially through the English language. One of the colleges of SQU has been the College of Law. It was opened in 1997 to help contribute to effective implementation of nationalisation and national development in the Sultanate of Oman, which English language proficiency is a part and parcel of. However, graduates exiting the College so far have been unable to fulfil this strategic aim due to policy-practice drawbacks. Evident weaknesses in their English language and legal knowledge have provoked repeated complaints from the employers in both sectors. Accordingly, a decision was made to introduce a bilingual programme through which approximately 30 % of the subjects at the College of Law would be taught in English. This study, therefore, researches the uses of English language in the Law job market in the Sultanate of Oman and its implications for policy-practice improvement. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to 182 graduates of the College of Law, SQU. Findings have shown that while the new programme has the potential to serve national development and Omanisation, the College faculties have a pivotal role to play in influencing a positive implementation of the plan. 相似文献
10.
Helen Joy Benzie 《高等教育研究与发展》2010,29(4):447-459
The current concern about low levels of English proficiency among international students who graduate from degree courses – that students’ English language skills are not being developed during their higher education experience – reflects negatively on the quality of Australian higher education and its graduates. More careful selection of students and increased use of English language testing are among the solutions put forward. These debates over English language proficiency tend to construct English language as a skill that can be applied in any context and ‘native‐speaker’‐levels of language ability as essential for employment. Within such a formulation international students can only ever be defined as in deficit. Drawing on socio‐cultural theories of language learning and academic literacy, alternative understandings of language proficiency in internationalized higher education are explored. Improved communication skills among graduates are likely to be achieved through a better understanding of issues beyond classroom instruction, such as barriers to social integration with native‐speakers, which reveal many international students unable to access adequate levels of language experience. Without wider perspectives on the debate over English language proficiency in higher education, the many benefits of having international students in higher education institutions are obscured by negative attitudes and unrealistic expectations. 相似文献
11.
A meta-analysis using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was conducted to examine the effects of test accommodations on the test performance of English language learners (ELLs). The results indicated that test accommodations improve ELLs' test performance by about 0.157 standard deviations—a relatively small but statistically significant increase. Once the potential predictors that may have contributed to the variance of the effect sizes across studies had been accounted for, only English proficiency was found to be significant. Further, the results indicated that ELLs with a low level of English proficiency benefited much more from test accommodations than did those with a high level of English proficiency. Little difference was observed in regard to other factors such as students' ethnicity, students' grade level, or the subject for which they were being examined. Although previous studies have suggested that linguistic simplification may be more effective than other methods, results from this meta-analysis offered no support for that suggestion. 相似文献
12.
Martha A. S. Qorro 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2013,59(1):29-45
The issue of language of instruction (LOI) and its effects on education in Tanzanian secondary education has been widely researched since the early 1980s. In 2009, the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training proposed a new education and training policy that allows English to be used as LOI from nursery school to tertiary education. The proposed policy goes against what researchers in this area have recommended over the years. In the light of the proposed policy, the author of this article felt the need to review studies done on LOI in Tanzania from 1974 to date, aiming to eliminate or greatly reduce the negative effects of the policy on education in Tanzania. Quoting examples, the paper demonstrates students’ levels of proficiency in English; suggests reasons why governmental policy has over time ignored research findings; and recommends as well as proposes the way forward. 相似文献
13.
Peter E. Bimmel Huub van den Bergh Ron J. Oostdam 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2001,16(4):509-529
In this article we report on the effects of an experimental programme to train reading strategies. Students had to work in pairs on the execution of reading tasks following a consciousness-raising method, consisting of an orientation phase in which they explore the reading tasks and select a reading strategy, a practice/application phase in which actual performance takes place and a verbalisation phase, in which the steps that lead to a correct solution must be formulated explicitly. The programme was directed to four reading strategies: looking for key fragments, paying attention to structure marking elements (hinge words), making up questions (questioning) and mapping the most important information from a text (semantic mapping). On the basis of this programme 15-year old Dutch students from the third year of regular secondary education (N=12) have been trained in applying these reading strategies when reading in their first language (Dutch). The results have been compared with those of a control group (N=119). We will show that the training programme has an effect on the mastery of the four strategic reading activities and leads to a substantial improvement of the reading comprehension in the first language (Dutch). Transfer effects to reading in a foreign language (English) could not be ascertained. 相似文献
14.
为保持全球化时代的韩国国际竞争力,韩国投入巨资实施了"韩国英语教学项目"(1995年—至今)、"韩国教学和学习项目"(2008年—至今)、"国际英语村项目"(2004年—至今),以国家战略的形式将大量外籍英语教师引入到韩国,配置在全国各地的中小学和国际英语村里。与此同时,韩国还不断对中小学的《英语课程标准》进行修订,并开发出了"国家英语能力测试"(2008年),将英语听、说的检测纳入其中。韩国采取的一系列"以交际为导向"的国家行动,对中国当前制定国家战略改善国民英语听说水平,增强中国在全球化时代的国际竞争力具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
15.
Sultanate of Oman is one out of many developing countries around the world which have valued English as a very important international language and a tool for achieving multiple purposes. When His Majesty the Sultan came to power in 1970, the government accepted English as the only official foreign language and allocated huge budgets and resources for its implementation through education. However, almost three decades after this, it was found that students exiting the ELT system in Oman suffer from various inadequacies in their English language proficiency, which has had negative implications for Oman??s national development. This has driven the government to attempt to revolutionize English language teaching (ELT) through pursuing a reform plan??Basic Education System (BES). This paper attempts to examine the attitudes of 141 freshmen, who have exited the BES and joined Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) in September 2009, about their teachers and the curriculum. The results have shown that there have hardly been any significant changes in the BES reform project, as compared to the previously implemented system??General Education System (GES) mainly due to implementation shortcomings. 相似文献
16.
Raees Calafato 《European Journal of Education》2020,55(4):602-617
Multilingualism has witnessed growing interest as a subject of academic study and as a state to aspire to for many of the world's citizenry. In tandem with this growing interest, countries around the world have started to implement foreign language curricula at schools that seek to prepare the coming generations to thrive in an increasingly multilingual global environment. In this respect, language teachers are likely to play a pivotal role in promoting the learning of multiple languages among students, with their beliefs about multilingualism informing their practices. This study reports on the beliefs of 460 secondary school teachers of English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, and Chinese in Norway and Russia regarding the benefits of being or becoming multilingual, the affordances of multilingual teachers, and the promotion of multilingualism in their respective countries. The findings indicated statistically significant differences between the participants based on the number of languages they taught and, to some extent, their country of residence. The observed differences hold important implications for teacher education programs and initiatives promoting the use of multilingualism as a resource in language education. 相似文献
17.
Abstract One important factor concerning the internationalization of higher education might be the adoption of a common language as the medium of instruction. For non‐English speaking countries this language tends to be English. Though educational institutions in Europe have already started to conduct (parts of) their curricula in English it is still not clear what effects this change of instructional language will have either on the lecturers involved or on the quality of their instruction. The present article is an attempt to provide an answer to these questions, based on Dutch experiences. 相似文献
18.
The role of subject teachers in content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has received little attention, since most research focuses on language learning results of students. This exploratory study aims to gain insight into the perceptions of Dutch bilingual education history teachers by comparing teaching CLIL with regular history teaching. We used questionnaires and interviews to collect data. Results show that bilingual education history teachers perceived their dual task as language and subject teachers to be challenging. Teaching in English also enriched their teaching skills and eventually had a positive influence on their level of job satisfaction. 相似文献
19.
Stephen L. Walter Diane E. Dekker 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2011,7(2):667-683
In the modern era, the prevailing model of public education has been that of “one size fits all”, with private schooling being
a small but notable exception. Language (of instruction) was generally viewed as a minor variable readily overcome by standard
classroom instruction. As researchers have sharpened their focus on the reasons for educational failure, language has begun
to emerge as a significant variable in producing gains in educational efficiency. This paper reports the intermediate result
of a controlled study in a very rural area of a developing country designed to examine the effect of language of instruction
on educational outcomes. In the experimental schools, children are taught to read first in the local language (via the local
language) and are taught other key subjects via the local language as well. English is taught as a subject. Teachers in the
control or standard schools continue the standard national practice of teaching all subjects in either English or Filipino,
neither of which is spoken by children when they begin school. Year-end standardised testing was done in all subjects throughout
grades one to three as a means of comparing the two programme methodologies. 相似文献
20.
浅析确定高校双语教学课程目标的依据 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
陈恩才 《扬州大学学报(高教研究版)》2004,8(5):94-96
双语教学是通过在学科教学中部分或全部使用外语组织教学，让学生在学习前沿性、国际性的学科知识的同时提高外语水平的一种教学活动。实施双语教学的直接依据只能是双语教学的课程目标，而确定高校双语教学课程目标的依据是高校学生的外语水平、学科的特点和社会对双语人才的需要。 相似文献