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1.
正念训练起源于佛教,是一种透过如实观察身心变化实相而达至烦恼解脱的禅修方法。从上个世纪70年代开始,正念训练广泛应用于心理咨询与治疗,各种实证研究日益增多。论文主要从正念的概念、技术及与心理治疗的结合等方面进行了阐述。 相似文献
2.
东方的禅修传统认为,人类能学会的最伟大的行为,就是去"看"内在发生了什么。正念,即帮助人类学会向内看,唤醒觉知,时刻保持对身心现象的觉知。作为古老禅修传统的心法,正念被引入当今的西方社会,成为大众在日常生活中减压与自我疗愈的方法与原则。通过正念训练,我们学会觉察自己的心境,而不被它们所限制。 相似文献
3.
正念（mindfulness）一词源于东方禅修,现已发展成为一个多层次的内涵丰富的概念,本文所指的正念不仅是一种意识状态或心理特质,还是一系列基于正念的干预方法,称为正念训练（MT）。近年来,对正念的研究逐渐从其临床效果转向探究其产生的积极效应,如正念冥想在促进积极情绪调节、增强幸福感、怜悯和共情以及促进个体的身心健康行为调节能力和社会互动关系上的重要作用。由此可以认为正念训练能够显著提高人的乐商水平,从而促进其身心健康,增强幸福感。 相似文献
4.
刘亚 《中小学心理健康教育》2017,(8):21-22
一、引言
正念(Mindfulness),源起东方禅修技术,后传入西方,受到心理学界的广泛关注,其代表人物是麻省大学医学中心的乔·卡巴金(J.Kabat-Zinn).卡巴金教授认为正念就是有意识地觉察、活在当下、不加批判,换句话说就是单纯地觉察、关注当下发生在自己身上或周围的一切,不作任何评价和判断.正念训练的主要技术包括:躯体扫描、正念观呼吸、正念散步、正念瑜伽、正念吃葡萄干等.目前以"正念"为基础形成的正念疗法已经成为一种系统的心理疗法,主要包括:正念减压疗法、正念认知疗法以及辩证行为疗法.国内外有关正念的研究和应用已经相当普遍和成熟,已有研究总结提出正念训练能够改善个体抑郁症、强迫症、焦虑障碍等心理障碍,提高个体正性心理品质.国内有关中学生的研究也如火如荼,正念研究提出正念水平与中学生心理健康水平显著正相关,与正性情绪呈显著正相关;孟祥寒利用正念训练和放松训练缓解中学生考试焦虑的研究发现前者比后者效果更好;苏丽萍发现正念团体训练对中学生的学业拖延效果显著.由此可见,可以尝试把正念应用到中学生心理健康教育中. 相似文献
5.
近年来,正念掀起了国内外心理学研究的热潮,不管是理论研究还是临床应用都取得了一定的成果。正念就是将注意力集中于当下,觉知和观察自己的心智活动,并且不做评价。正念训练主要有正念减压疗法和正念认知疗法。通过这些方法,病人的抑郁、焦虑、强迫等症状有所缓解,对一些生理疾病、疼痛也有一定的作用,同时对运动员的成绩也有一定的帮助。 相似文献
6.
李小玲 《中小学心理健康教育》2022,(20):20-23
【活动理念】本教学设计以正念为理论基础。正念最初源于禅修,1979年,美国生物学、医学博士乔·卡巴金将正念引入医疗界,并创立正念减压疗法。卡巴金将正念定义为“有意识地觉察,专注于当下这一刻,而不附加主观的评判”。在其著作《灾难生活:用身体和心灵的智慧面对压力、痛苦和疾病》中,卡巴金提出正念生活的七个态度:接纳、不评判、耐心、不强求、信任、放手、初学之心。如今,正念已经成为与运动、饮食、睡眠并列的保持健康的四大支柱之一。 相似文献
7.
赵红 《中小学心理健康教育》2016,(23):38-40
正念疗法是对以正念为核心的各种心理疗法的统称,目前较为成熟的正念疗法包括正念减压疗法（M B S R）、正念认知疗法（MBCT）、辩证行为疗法（DBT）和接纳与承诺疗法（ACT）。美国乔恩·卡巴金博士（Jon Kabat-Zinn）结合东方禅修与西方身心医疗理念创发MBSR。其后,马克·威廉姆斯等三位教授,以认知行为治疗（CBT）为基础,融入MBSR,逐渐发展出MBCT。正念疗法被广泛应用于治疗和缓解焦虑、抑郁、强迫等情绪心理问题,在人格障碍、成瘾、饮食障碍、人际沟通、冲动控制、疼痛等方面的治疗中也有大量应用,同时还被创造性地运用于婚恋亲密关系、亲子关系、衰老、死亡等方面。坚持正念训练,可以培育个体的专注力与觉察力,提高与压力共处的能力及处理人际关系的能力,也可以从惯性中自我解放,重新接触自己智慧与活力的泉源,开发潜能与创造力。 相似文献
8.
张韬 《贵阳学院学报(社会科学版)》2015,(2):101-104
组织正念是正念在组织层面上的运用。在国内现有文献中尚未出现有关组织正念的研究论述。综合国外关于组织可靠性、正念的相关文献,通过对组织中的正念界定等相关问题进行梳理,探索其特性及运用,以期引发更多的国内研究的出现。 相似文献
9.
随着正念在全球的普及,有关正念的研究和应用逐渐被人们专注,其中对青少年的正念干预多涉及在学校环境中对学生群体的研究.本文系统地回顾了在学校环境中正念应用的研究现状,包括正念干预对青少年有何效果,在学校开展的正念干预有哪些形式等,并进一步探讨现有正念干预研究的局限性,为未来的研究与应用提供参考. 相似文献
10.
为探讨正念教育对小学生心理健康的影响,本研究以55名学生为研究对象开展正念教育实验。结果表明:学生的正念水平得到提升,正念教育对学生的情绪障碍、性格缺陷、社会适应障碍、行为障碍的影响效果显著,对学习障碍、品德缺陷、不良习惯和精神障碍的影响效果不明显。注重正念教育课程开发、加强正念教师培训与发展、积极开展形式多样的正念教育活动,能更好地发挥正念教育对小学生心理健康的积极作用。 相似文献
11.
A multiple single case research design (SCRD) was used to examine two mindfulness interventions (MBSR and Vipassana meditation). Impacted symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), psychological distress, mindfulness, and treatment satisfaction in college students were examined via single subject and group analyses. Results indicated that 57% of the seven-person sample evidenced decreases in ADHD symptoms, 72% decreased in distress, 72% increased on the trait measure of mindfulness, and treatment satisfaction was high. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of College Student Psychotherapy》2013,27(3):53-67
Abstract This paper documents the development of a mindfulness meditation component within a University Counseling Center setting. The specific focus is upon the inclusion of meditation as it pertains to both organizational structure and psychotherapy training. The integration of a meditation practice into any organization is a slow process that poses complex questions. We argue that the benefits provide a counterpoint to the complexities inherent when incorporating such training into an organization's structure and a psychology internship program. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of College Student Psychotherapy》2013,27(4):314-328
College can be difficult for students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Inattention and impulsivity are not conducive to academic success. Individuals with ADHD often experience difficulties with time management, organization, social adjustment, and psychological distress. One possible treatment approach for individuals with ADHD is mindfulness-based interventions, which lead to symptom reductions and increases in mindfulness skills. However, there are challenges in conducting such treatments on college campuses. This article outlines some of those challenges and highlights ways to overcome them using intervention research, more specifically clinical behavior analysis. The qualitative experience of conducting two mindfulness meditation interventions for college students with ADHD is discussed, and recommendations for conducting similar campus-based interventions are made. 相似文献
14.
To prevent future burnout and turnover among early childhood education students, mindfulness training may hold promise as a measure. A lab-based pilot and classroom-based feasibility study was designed to investigate an effective way to introduce mindfulness meditation. Results suggested that two types of audio-guided mindfulness meditation, a sitting meditation and a compassion meditation reduced stress level, and that the compassion meditation was perceived as more comfortable than the sitting meditation. As a tentative conclusion, the compassion meditation may be introduced first before the sitting meditation. Additional studies should examine the effects of longer-term meditation practice on teaching career development. 相似文献
15.
Mindfulness‐based SEL programming to increase preservice teachers’ mindfulness and emotional competence 
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下载免费PDF全文 Eighty‐seven preservice teachers, some of whom had preschool teaching experience, were randomly assigned to an intervention that included training in breathing awareness meditation infused with social‐emotional learning (n = 43) or a control group that received training in (n = 44) in breathing awareness meditation only. Both groups showed an increase in mindfulness from pre‐ to posttest. However, as expected, dimensions of emotional competence improved more significantly for preservice teachers in the intervention group. Increases were also greater for participants with teaching experience. Both groups also increased in the belief that classroom misbehavior would result in negative cognitive and social costs to children, but a larger increase was observed for the intervention group. Implications for teacher preparation are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Sister Maura S.S.N.D. 《College Teaching》2013,61(3):188-189
AbstractMindfulness meditation involves focusing one's attention on the present moment in a non-judgmental way. Several recently published investigations have demonstrated that a brief session of mindfulness meditation, practiced before a higher-education course lecture, can improve performance on a quiz over lecture content given immediately following the lecture. It is less clear how mindfulness meditation, practiced before multiple course lectures, impacts performance on quizzes over time as well as on a cumulative exam over all lecture contents. The present experiment compared a mindfulness meditation group to an active control group; each practiced 6 min of mindfulness or relaxation prior to seven course lectures. Following each lecture, a quiz was given over lecture contents to measure short-term academic achievement. A cumulative exam was later given over all lecture content to measure long-term academic achievement. In contrast to prior published investigations, there were no effects of mindfulness meditation on academic achievement. Given these promising yet inconsistent effects, future work should explore the moderators (i.e., individual differences; duration, frequency, and style of meditation practice) of mindfulness meditation's salutary benefits. 相似文献
17.
ObjectiveThe primary purpose of this paper was to narratively review the research testing the effects of mindfulness meditation on stress and anxiety in the college students; reviewing the inclusion of mindfulness was a secondary purpose.MethodsA literature search resulted in 57 studies on the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation in reducing stress and anxiety in college students.ConclusionsResearchers examined anxiety in 40 studies, self-reported stress in 34, physiological stress in 11, and mindfulness in 24. Thirty-three of 40 and 25 of 34 studies showed significant decreases in anxiety and stress respectively; 22 of 24 showed an increase in mindfulness. Physiological stress had inconsistent results indicating a need for further research. Overall, mindfulness meditation shows promise in reducing stress and anxiety in college students. Additionally, there are a number of differences in mindfulness interventions including frequency, duration, instructional method, and inclusion of yoga, that need quantitative examination (meta-analysis) to determine which is most effective. 相似文献
18.
Student mental health and well-being are increasing concerns in higher education. This exploratory study examined students’ learning in a mindfulness programme incorporated into an undergraduate class. Six brief mindfulness-based practices were introduced: mindfulness meditation, walking meditation, body scan, mindful eating, loving-kindness and Tonglen meditation. Fourteen students were interviewed after completion of the course to explore their conceptions and use of mindfulness and other self-care practices. Results of thematic analyses suggest that there were variations in students’ adoption of mindfulness-based practices and students’ preferred mindfulness techniques. Most participants reported that mindfulness instruction and practice were beneficial but this was not universal; some students reported that mindfulness was ‘not for them’. Findings suggest that mindfulness fostered self-reflection, self-awareness and relaxation for many students and incorporating mindfulness at the beginning of class improved the overall quality of discussion and facilitated students’ learning. Findings further suggest that students incorporated mindfulness into existing self-care practices that included a variety of other preferred techniques to enhance self-reflection, self-awareness and relaxation. Overall, our findings suggest that students should be helped, through explicit instruction, to develop a ‘toolbox’ of self-care approaches that may include, but are not necessarily limited to, mindfulness techniques. 相似文献
19.
冥思教育在中小学里的实践已经探索出多种有效形式,取得了很多宝贵的经验。一些国际实证研究发现,持续的冥思实践,既有助于学生调节注意力,改善学业成绩,也有助于提升学生的移情能力和社交能力,促进道德发展,提高个体幸福感,还有助于将自我的洞察和新感受扩展应用于社会服务和公共事务之中。这其中的效果可以从认知领域和非认知领域两方面加以机理性阐释。要准确理解冥思教育的性质和定位,有必要结合中华优秀传统文化来充分挖掘其蕴含的教育哲学价值,并且在充分准备的前提下,开展适合我国国情的冥思教育研究和实践。 相似文献
20.
Prevalence of mindfulness literature and intervention in school psychology journals from 2006 to 2016 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Stacy L. Bender Rachel Roth Alicia Zielenski Zachary Longo Ashley Chermak 《Psychology in the schools》2018,55(6):680-692
Mindfulness has been gaining momentum in the field of school psychology, however compared to other applied psychology fields, less research on mindfulness interventions has been conducted. This study systematically reviewed mindfulness literature and empirical studies in nine school psychology journals from 2006–2016. The prevalence of mindfulness articles and research specifically focused on mindfulness intervention were examined. Additionally, the type of intervention implemented, tier of intervention, and targets of intervention were examined. Results indicated that .57% of articles during the ten‐year time frame were related to mindfulness (n = 17). Eight of the 17 articles investigated mindfulness interventions, with interventions ranging from informal practices (e.g., Mandala coloring) to specific intervention programs (e.g., Compassion and Attention in the Schools). Majority of interventions were implemented at the universal level for students. Future directions for mindfulness research and the importance of mindfulness in school psychology are discussed. 相似文献